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NO. 35 
OCTOBER 1985 



UJUkA^jU 



U.S.A. S3.00 
CANADA $3.50 



flEyflk_CIE3 



COMPUTING 




ANALOG Cqmpirting- ■ . 



[Now only 
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At your fingertips, you'll find: 

• The best programs frg^ 

• New programs n( ' 
i A long list of j^^^pSin software 
f Updates anc^^HJ&ents 

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i a i ' ■ ■-—■.. , 

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NO. 35 



OCTOBER 1985 



THE #1 MAGAZINE FOR ATARI" COMPUTER OWNERS 



fllMflk_DKa 



COMPUTING 



FEATURES 



Hide and Seek Greg Peck 23 

A nonviolent game, the goal is to matcli a small grid pattern 
to its counterpart in a much larger grid matrix. 

The ANALOG Computing Pie Chart 

Demo: An Inside Look Tom Hudson 38 

This article starts our coverage of ST programming with a 
complete discussion of a GEM application, written in C. 

Printers Revisited Jim Pirisino 61 

An introductory guide to computer printers. 

Bonk James Hague 67 

A fast-moving arcade game for one player, this assembly lan- 
guage program pits you against deadly "electric whirlers." 

G: A Printing Device for Epson/ 

Gemini Printers Charles R Johnson 81 

Here's a way to print any character your Atari can display on- 
screen, with custom/control characters and exact copies of 
graphics modes 0, 8 and 7+. 

Turtle 1020 Jason Leigh 88 

Turn your Atari 1020 printer/plotler into a turtle grapiiics out- 
put device "remotely controlled" via your kovboard. 



REVIEWS 



Panak Strikes! Steve Panak 17 

chess games are the topic this month — Sargon II (Uayden 
Software), Chess (Parker Brothers) and Chess (Odesta). Dig 
Dug (Datasoft) and Spy Hunter (Sega) arc also examined. 

Megafont 11+ Mark Weaver 30 

(XLent Software) 

Over ten character sets for your Epson/Gemini-compatible 

printer, plus graphics dump capability in four different sizes. 



REVIEWS con/Znuecr 

SG-10 Printer Jim Van Leeuwen 32 

(Star Micronics Inc.) 

This recently introduced Epson/Gemini-compatible printer 
boasts near letter quality in a dot-matrix format and can print 
at a fast IHO cps in normal text. 

Home Accountant Andrew J, Kennedy, Jr 33 

(Continental Software) 

Touted as the preeminent financial software package for the 

Atari, does it really live up to its manufacturer's claims? 

Computer Eyes Arthur Leyenberger 53 

(■Digital Vision, Inc.) 

Capture any image from a video disk. VCR or video camera, 
and display it on-screen or print it out, using your Atari and 
this little gadget. 

Atan 1027 Pnnter Robert Opitz 59 

(Atari Corp.) 

A no-frills letter-quality printer at a good price, but not with- 
out some shortcomings. 



COLUMNS 



Reader Comment 4 

New Products V 10 

Griffin's Lair Braden E. Griffin, M.D. 13 

The End User Arthur Leyenberger 46 

On-Line Russ Wetmore 97 

Index to Advertisers 104 




ANALOG Computing (ISSN 0744-9917) is published monthly for $28 ($36 in Canada, $39 foreign) per year by ANALOG 400/800 Corp., 

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From the editors of 
A.N.A.L.O.G. Computing 



FIMBLDG 



COMPENDIUM 



The best ATARI® Home Computer Programs from the first ten issues of A.N. A.L.O.G. Computing Magazine. 



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ANALOG 

COMPUTING 

STAFF 

Editors/Publishers 

MICHAEL J. DESCHENES 
LEE H. PAPPAS 

Managing Editor 

JON A. BELL 

Production Editor 

DIANE L, GAW 

Contributing Editors 

BRADEN E. GRIFFIN, M.D. 
STEVE PANAK 
RUSS WETMORE 

East Coast Editor 

ARTHUR LEYENBERGER 

West Coast Editor 

JIM DUNION 

Contributing Artist 

GARY LIPPINGOTT 
LINDA RICE 

Technical Division 

CHARLES BACHAND 
TOM HUDSON 
TONY MESSINA 

Advertising Manager 

MICHAEL J. DESCHENES 

Circulation Manager 

PATRICK J. KELLEY 

Accounting 

ROBIN LEVITSKY 

Production/Distribution 

LORELL PRESS, INC. 

Contributors 

JAMES HAGUE 

CHARLES F JOHNSON 

ANDREW J. KENNEDY, JR. 

JASON LEIGH 

ROBERT OPITZ 

GREG PECK 

JIM PIRISINO 

JIM VAN LEEUWEN 

MARK WEAVER 



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ANALOG Computing magazine 
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trademark of Atari Corp. 



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PERMISSIONS 

No portion of this magazine mav 
be reproduced in any form without 
written pennission of the publisher. 
Mf)sl programs <ire copyrighted and 
arc not public domain. User groups 
should contact the publisher if they 
plan to place one of these programs 
on any type of public-accessed bulle- 
tin board or disks. 



AUTHORS 

when submitting mlicles and pro- 
grams, prograiTi listings should be 
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READER 
COMMENT 



Loan Shark update. 

The program Loan Shark which ap- 
peared in issue 30 of ANALOG Comput- 
ing did not operate properly on XL/XB 
computers, due to an obscure bug in the 
operating systems of these computers 
which affected the display list. Chang- 
ing the foJIowing lines wilJ fix this. 

608 POSITION KO.KO:? tt6;"P 

RINCIPftL APR It PAYME 

MT TOTAL IMT":RETURM 

2005 POSITION Ke,LlNE:PIC5 

=" .00":NU=P:G05UB 1 

00 

3020 LIHE=LIHE+l:P05ITI0H 

KO,LIHE:? tt6; "PAYOFF AMOUH 

T FOR ABOUE 15 "jFRMS 

5035 IF TEXTSC8,8)=" " THE 

N 5100 

—Ed. 

Mystery boxes. 

When I bought my 800XL, I noticed 
two little plastic boxes comiected to the 
power and video cables. I ignored them, 
but recently I've gotten a hankering to 
know what they are. So, what are they? 

Adam E. Wade 

Takoma Park, MD 

The heavy box connected to the power 
cord contains a step-doivn transformer 
used to supply 5 volts of alternating cur- 
rent, a bridge rectifier to convert the al- 
ternating current [AC] to direct current 
(DC), a filter capacitor to smooth out any 
bumps in the voltage, and a voltage reg- 
ulator to make sure it stays at 5 volts. 

The smaller box on (he RF cable con- 
tains a torroid coil which is made of a 
ferrite ring with the cable looped sever- 
al times through it. It's used to reduce 
both radio and TV infer/erence. 

-Ed. 

Comprehensive comment. 

I just had to comment on issue 33. Up 
to now, my main reason for buying AN- 



ALOG Computing was for the assembly 
language listings. Ninety percent of my 
assembly knowledge grew from those 
listings. 

Issue 33 was incredible. . .It had in- 
depth technical articles on assembly 
(Assemble Some Sound and CCOM] 
and hardware (Keyboard Encoding). It 
even had six to ten more pages than nor- 
mal. Boot Camp came up to speed with 
Atari-specific assembly information. 

I also like the new white paper stock 
you used. It's really nice to read with- 
out the glossy-type paper. 

As long as I'm here, things I'd like to 
see are: (1) more reviews on hardware 
(leave the game reviews to others); (2) 
an in-depth article on vertical blanking 
interrupts; (3) an article on different 
types of sorting algorithms; (4) more 
technical explanations on the techniques 
used in your programs (R.O.T.O. or Fire 
Bug would be good ones to go through 
— I like to. find out how to do things, and 
it's tough to figure out from minimally 
commented code); and (.5) a good look 
at the 520ST hardware, especially input/ 
output (I'm sure I'll see plenty on GEM- 
DOS from everybody else). 

I think issue 33 was great, and, if this 
is a sign of things to come, count me in. 

Mike Evans 

Albuquerque, NM 

Thanks. . .Thai li.sl should keep us 
bu.sy for a minute or two. — Ed. 

More on Z-Plotter. 

Once again, thanks for accepting my 
program, Z-Plotter, for publication in 
your issue 30. 

The following program will, one min- 
ute after it's run, transform all capital 
letters into one color and all the lower 
case into capitals of another color This 
allows three colors in graphics 0. 
DIH A5(20J :A=PEEK(106J-8 



:P0KE 204, a: POKE 206, 224: A 
A=A«256:F0R T=l TO 20: READ 
5:A5CTJ=^CHRStS}:HEXT T 

1 TnU5RtA&R(A5}) :FOR T=776 
+AA TO 984+AA:S=PEEKCT-512 
J:P=e:G05UB 4:P0KE T,S+P:M 
EKT T 

2 FOR T=264+AA TO 472+AA:5 
=PEEK(T5 :R=0:GOSUB 4: POKE 
T 5+R " HEHT T 

3'POKE 710,14:P0KE 789, 0:P 
OKE 712,14:P0KE 756, A:? "T 
HE job. . . Is D0He!":END 

4 IF 5>127 THEN 5=5-128 :P= 
128 

5 IF 5>63 THEM 5=5-64:R=64 

6 IF 5>31 THEN 5=5-32:P=P+ 
32 

7 IF 5>15 THEM 5=5-16:R=R+ 
16 

8 IF 5>7 THEM 5=5-8 :P=P+8 

3 IF 5>3 THEM 5=5-4 :R=R+4 

10 IF 5>1 THEN 5=5-2 :P=P+2 

11 IF 5=1 THEM 5=0;R=R+1 

12 RETURN 

13 DATA 104,162,4,160,0,17 
7 , 205 , 145 , 203 , 200 , 208 , 249 , 
230,206,230,204,202,208,24 
2,96 



RAMDISK for the 800XL. 

Here's a way to use the RAMDISK on 
the 800XL that I thought other XL own- 
ers would be interested in. I sure was! 
Here's how to do it: 

(1) Boot DOS 2.5 with BASIC; (2) 
POKE 1802,PEEK(1802)-Hl28 then GO- 
TO DOS; (3) use "E' (binary load) RAM- 
DISK.COM; (4) format drive 8 (ram- 
di.sk); (5) use "H" (write DOS) to drive 
8; (6) if you want to save space, delete 
D8:DOS. SYS — it's not needed; and 17) 
Return to BASIC and POKE 5439,56. 
This will tell DOS to look at drive 8 for 
MEM.SAV (if there) and DURSYS. Now, 
GOTO DOS; it'll come up instantly! 

If you want, you can write MEM.SAV. 
Once you've done all that, you can use 
the RAMDISK for whatever you want. 
You have to remember that you only 
have around 101 sectors, even though, 
when you catalog drive 8, you get 499 



PAGE 4 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 




n 



sectors free, since DOS thinks you have 
an XE. 

I hope all XL owners will enjoy this 
feature. 

Sincerely, 

Larry Nocella 

Woodbm-y Heights, NJ 

Synthesizer keyboard update. 

I'm writing to you in regard to an er- 
ror that I noticed in the article Keyboard 
Encoding for Computer Music Applica- 
tions in issue 33 of ANALOG Comput- 
ing. 

The schematic of the scanning encod- 
er (Figure 4, page 66) correctly shows 
pins 1 and 2 or IC2 connected to pin 3 
of IC5. However, the circuit board lay- 
out (Figure 7C, page 67) shows the pins 
of IC2 connected to pin 3 of IC4. 

Although this board would pass the 
test program in the article, the strobe 
will not work properly. 

Michael A. Zachary 

Phoenix, AZ 

To fix the problem, cut the trace go- 
ing from pin 1 ofIC2 to pin 3 o/IC4. You 
also must add a jumper between pins 3 
and 8 of IC4, and another between pin 
1 of IC2 and pin 3 of IC5. 

The printed circuit boards available 
from CompuferWorks are of a later revi- 
sion and do not have this problem. 

-Ed. 

On the C side. 

Sure, I'll renew my subscription. I en- 
joy ANALOG Computing very much. 
Keep up the good work. 

How about some articles on the lan- 
guage C? I have a very good grasp of BA- 
SIC, but don't seem to be able to get 
interested in assembly language beyond 
the point of being able to follow what 
someone else has written. Perhaps C 
would be more to my mental set. 

I have a modem, but, living in a rural 
area, find that everywhere is a long dis- 
tance phone rate from here. Add the 
phone bill to a service like CompuServe, 
and the price is prohibitive. 

A few hom-s on a BBS, and the bill ex- 
ceeds what a good piece of conrmercial 
software would cost. Due to phone rates, 
I may just miss the communications 
revolution. 

Thank you for a great magazine; keep 
'em coming. 

Sincerely, 

Everett Hubbard 

Highland, IL 



Now that the STs are avaiJabJe, we'll 
have some articles (or maybe even a 
coJumnJ on C. Our in-house program- 
ming genius, Tom Hudson, has been us- 
ing C extensively on (he ST. 

Also, try out our TCS. At the moment, 
the Jong distance rate might be expen- 
sive, but the huge number of programs 
avaiJabJe on our TCS makes it worih- 
ivhiJe. We're also working on a way to 
lower our TCS rates. — Ed. 

REVved up. 

In response to Matthew Ratcliff's let- 
ter in issue 32's Reader Comment. . . 

He states that BASIC REV B is defec- 
tive because it eats 16 bytes of memory 
each time a program is SAVEd. I want 
to point out that this does not make REV 
B defective. It just means that it has a 
new bug to replace an old one. 

BASIC REV B is 100% functional! You 
need to LIST the program occasionally 
during the programming phase to re- 
claim the memory. It otherwise doesn't 
affect programs. 

If you don't do much programming, 
then you don't need to upgrade to REV 
C. I became aware of this bug in Febru- 
ary of 1985. Since I regularly LIST my 
programs anyway (to clean up the vari- 
able name list), the bug really poses no 
problem. 

REV C is finally shipping — the XEs 
come with it. 

Rick Detlefsen, Editor AACE 

Austin, TX 

Z-Plotter modification. 

Having entered the Z-PIotter program 
and found that the results were most in- 
teresting. I modified the program so that 
one could use the same function with- 
out re-entering it. 

Also, owning a Prowriter, the 49 Sec- 
ond Dump was useless to me. I've writ- 
ten a highly modified version of that 
routine that will work with the Pro- 
writer machine. It is a bit slower (about 
70 seconds), but it works. 

I have often wondered why the C.Itob 
machines have not been supported by 
magazines in general. 

Philip Roth 

Rockville, MD 20855 



288 IF PEEK(764J=28 THEN ? 

"IS": GOTO 1046 
300 CLOSE ttKlrOPEN ttKl,S,K 
0,"P:":PRIMT ltl;CHRSC14J ;C 
HR5C27} jCHR5f62i :PRIMT «1; 
CHRSC273;"T08" 



301 REM *CHRStl4) TURH5 ON 
EXPANDED MODE AND HILL MA 

KE Z-AKI5 TWICE AS LONG HI 
THOUT CHANGE TO X OR Y 

302 FOR X=DM TO DM+39 

304 AS=CHRS (KOJ : AS tl92) -AS 

:ASt23=AS:BS=AS 

306 H=USRC153e,M,ADRCAS},A 

DRCBS)) 

308 PRINT ttl;CHRSf273;"S01 

92"; AS 

310 PRINT ttl;CHRSt27);"S01 

92";BS 

312 NEXT X: PRINT ttl;CHRSC2 

7} :CHRSC68J;CHRSt27} ;"A";C 

HRSCISJ 

314 CLOSE «1 

316 RETURN 

1000 Kl=l:GHAPHICS 24:RE5T 
ORE 1000:F0R Z=KO TO 137:R 
EAD X:POKE 1536+Z, K :NEXT Z 

1001 DIM AS(192J,BSC192J :D 
M:=PEEK {88J +PEEK {855*256 : DM 
=DM+40»191 

1002 T=KO:DIM ZS(1693,QS(4 
05 , FS 1205 , FCS (40) : ISO=0 . 52 
3558775 

1046 POKE 82, KO: GRAPHICS K 

:^ I'j 

1048 ? "MAKE SELECTION TO 

USE SAME FORMULA OH NEW 

FORMULA." 

1050 ? :? " 13 SAME FOR 

MULA":? " 23 HEW FORMU 

LA" 

1052 ? "ENTER SELECTION >" 
■ • j(4pij J x 

i854 IF T=2 THEN 1008 

1056 IF TOl THEN ? "WHOOP 

S":G0T0 1052 

1058 ? "H":G0T0 1013 

1100 DATA 104,104,141,35,6 

,141,54,6,104,141,34,6,141 

,53,6,104,141,46,6,104,141 

,45,6,104,141,64,6,104,141 

, 63 

1102 DATA 6,160,152,173,25 

5,255,136,240,70,41,240,32 

,110,6,141,255,255,238,45, 

6,240,45,173,255,255,10,10 

,10 

1104 DATA 10,32,110,6,141, 

255,255,238,63,6,240,33,17 

3,34,6,56,233,40,141,34,6, 

141,53,6,144,4,24,76,33,6, 

206 

1106 DATA 35,6,206,54,6,76 

,33,6,238,46,6,76,52,6,238 

,64,6,76,70,6,56,24,162,0, 

134 , 203 , 10 , 102 , 203 , 10 , 102 , 

203 

1110 DATA 10,102,203,10,10 

2,203,70,203,70,203,70,203 

,70,203,165,203,56 



Unwanted translator features. 

I recently bought issue 32 of ANALOG 
Computing. As I was leafing through it, 
I came upon Angelo Giambra's Home- 
made Translator. 

Reading through it, I became very in- 
terested and excited about making a 



(continued on next page) 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 5 







READER COMMENT co,uinued 



translator for my brand new 130XE from 
my trusty old 800. Being the "do first, 
then read" type, I typed in the code, 
Unichecked it and SAVEd the perfect 
copy to disk. 

Referring back to the article, I blew the 
dust off the 800 and made the AUTO- 
RUN.SYS file. Booting tliis on the 130XE 
resulted in much whooping and holler- 
ing, as the RAM OS took over and ran 
my old software like crazy. So far, so 
good. 

When I booted my DOSXL utilities 
disk, however, I discovered some very 
undesirable "features" in the RAM OS 
that ai-e umioticeable in programs which 
don't use the screen editor 

First of all, I don't like a darker back- 
ground color. Second, I want the key- 
clicks back! Over the past few years, I've 
read with some dismay letters from peo- 
ple complaining about keyclick. Well, 
maybe I'm in the minority, bu I like it 
just the way it is. 



r^ Geni&'^ 




Expcricticc tlic MA5ic 
o{ v\our computer ! 

Whether you are using a word processor, or a spreadsheel. 

adding to a data base, or \us\ playing your favorite game 

Now, with one keystroke, you can instantly 

• Jot down several pages of notes 

• Edtt and print a file 

• Perform a quick calculation on a five 
function calculator (in decimal or hex!) 

• Look up Atari control codes 

• Get a disk directory 

• Lock, Unlock, Rename, and Delete files 

• Even format disks 

And in the blink of an eye return to 

just where you left off! 

All of this IS possible'only with Genie. 

Genie Is completely invisible to almost all 

programs, and appears only when you summon it. 

It uses only the "extra" RAM m a 64K Atari XL or 

XE, so it doesn't even take up memory space! 

Available lor Atari XL or XE computers with at least 64K 

Genie is only S29 95 plus 2.00 for postage and handling 

(Tenas residents please add 5 1 '8% sales taxj 

New Horizons Software 

PO Box 180253 • Austin, TX 78718 
For more inlormalion call (5121 2800319 



New Horizons 

Expanding Your Life 



Third, the bell routine has been dis- 
abled. Why have all these things been 
done? I would ask all you programmers 
out there to provide some options in pro- 
grams like this. I have no idea how to 
change the patches, but would like them 
changed. 

All in all, though, I'd like to thank Mr. 
Giambra for a useful program whose 
time has come. 

Thankful but frustrated, 

Brian A. Nakata 

Portland, OR 

We're glad you liked the program it- 
self, at any rate. Fulure programmers, 
take note: not everyone hales keyclick, 
and users welcome options to personal- 
ize their software. — Ed. 

Matrix method. 

First, I want to say that you have a 
great magazine, and I'm very glad that 
you've stuck with Atari through thick 
and thin. I really appreciate it. 

Second, I've enclosed a small subrou- 
tine I created a few days ago that might 
be helpful to those of your readers who 
have troubles with matrices. 

In the program I was using this sub- 
routine in, I needed to save as much 
memory as possible. Instead of defining 
the value of each "box" of the matrix one 
by one, I wanted to do them all quickly. 
The values I used went from 0-30, so I 








jS^^ This 
^o'* unique club 

beats them all 



DISK-OF-THE-MONTH CLUB 
P.O. BOX 116, FAIR UWN, N.J. 07410-0115 



CIRCLE #101 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



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CIRCLE #130 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



created a five-coluimi by seven-row ma- 
trix. That filled up the first six rows 
completely and the first box in the sev- 
enth row, too. 

In the last row, I had four boxes left 
over. The following subroutine DIMs a 
five by seven array, fills the first thirty- 
one boxes with values from 0-30 and 
leaves the "left over" boxes with a val- 
ue of -1. 

508 DIM MflTL0C«4,6J 
510 X=0:Y=0:UftLUE=O:REM Ufl 
LUE Will equal the value o 
f the nuHber in the "box". 
520 IF X>4 THEN X=0:V=Y+1: 
REM If coluHD nuHber is >4 

then reset colunn nuHber 
to and increase row ualu 
e by one. 

530 IF V>6 THEM RETURN ;RE 
M RETURN to oriqinal progr 
aH froH subroutine, that i 
s. 

540 IF VALUE>30 THEN UALUE 
=-l:REM When it gets to th 
e 30th roon, set the left 
over Matrix "boxes" to -l. 
550 MfiTLOC(K,YJ=yALUE 
560 X=K+l:IF UftLUEO-1 THE 
N UftLUE=UftLUE+l 
570 GOTO 520 

Of course, the REMs don't have to be 
typed in; they're just there for expla- 
nation. 

Sincerely, 

Richard E. Matthews 

San Diego, CA 



Avalanche fix. 

I am a subscriber to your excellent 
magazine and have owned an Atari 800 
computer for three years now. I'm writ- 
ing to inform you of a problem in your 
assembly game Avalanche, in issue 21. 

When playing this game, if you re- 
ceive your lOOO-point bonus when your 
score is less than 1000 points from a 
10,000-point mark, you actually have 
10,000 points deducted from your score. 
In other words, if your score is 9010 
points when you receive the lOOO-point 
bonus, it will be reduced to 10 points. 

This has kept me from receiving a 
needed extra man on many occasions. 
Please print a fix for this bug. 

Otherwise, I think that your magazine 
is #1. 

Yours truly, 

Donald Simmons 

Whitbom-ne, Nfld. 

It seems that not many people got up 
Wiah enou°h to notice this naslv little 



Icontinued on page 9) 



PAGE 6 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUUNG 



n 



THE CREATION 



/ 



OF A 




NEW BREED 




The GCP Network: More Communicadons, 
More Graphics, LESS Hassle! 



the GCP City: 

The entj^ to 
worlds of adventure 
and challenge. 



.-..iTTTllii 



Choose your 
favorite and match 
wits with others. 



of Space: 

Explore and conquer 
your way to 
galactic supremacy. 





FEATURES: Joystick-driven; no commands to learn! Private mail, bulletin boards, program library, file 
transfers, automatic logons. User Group support, local phone call access from most cities, no network 
surcharge. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: 48K Atari, 1 disk drive, modem. 

For more information contact: 



GAMES 
COMPUTERS 
PLAY. INC. 

112 East Market Street, York, PA 17401/717-848-2660 

CIRCLE #102 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



BCP 




AMERICA 



E BUILT IT FOR YOU 

THE ATARI 520ST 



"We promised. 
We delivered. 
With pride, 
determination, 
and good old 
ATARI know how, 
Sam Tramiel, 
President, 
ATARI CORP. 



No Other computer we know of 
has been awaited with such antici- 
pation, has received so much 
national and trade press, and has 
been so unanimously acclaimed — 
as the remarkable 520ST. 

And for good reason. Its develop- 
ment represents a bold, new stan- 
dard in personal computing power. 
The 520ST simply obsoletes all current personal 
systems — even those costing thousands of dollars 
more. Beneath its full stroke 
94-key keyboard is an operating 
environment so intelligent that 
it puts you in command almost 
at once. It's that easy. 

Graphic symbols quickly 
identify available functions. 
Menus appear just by aiming 
the mouse. Point to a specific operation, 
click the mouse and instantly you are 
able to develop full color charts, recall 
files from within folders, and so much 
more. 

And when you combine 524,288 
bytes of RAM with ATARI'S custom 
circuits and the horsepower of a 68000 
microprocessor, you own a powerful 
computer that delivers crisp, high re- 
solution images with incredible speed. 





With a monochrome monitor 

your 520ST displays 640 x 400 

pixels of extremely high resolu- 
tion clarity. Select a color monitor 

and you are able to create beautiful 

graphs and diagrams from a pal- 
ette of 512 vivid colors. 

Power to grow. An array of 

expansion ports allow- you to easily customize your 

520ST. There are standard serial and parallel interface 

ports for connecting printers and 

telecommunications equipment, 

MIDI connectors to interface with 

music synthesizers and keyboards, 

and 3.5 inch floppy disk, cartridge 

and joystick ports. There is also a 

hard disk port with the lightning 

communications speed of 1.33 

Megabytes per second. ATARI 520ST systems are avail- 
able now. When it comes to 
state-of-the-art technology 
...don't settle for less. And 
when it comes to price 
...don't pay a penny more. 

For the dealer nearest you call 

408/745-2367. 

Or write to: 

ATARI Corp. 

Customer Service 

1196Borregas Ave. 

Sunnyvale, CA 94086 





Jl». ATARI SSOST 




r ^ ' ' > — ^ — i_- — < r —< ■ ■ " i../^.:.- - 




¥^M 



^"M ATARI' 



i-i- 



xes where applicabte. 




SYSTEM INCLUDES: 520ST Pefsonai Computer, 
Monochrome Monitor, Mouse Controller, 3.5 inch Disk Drive, 
TOS" - The Operating System Disl< 
ATARI Logo™ Language Disk 
With full coiof monitor: $999.95' 



CIRCLE #103 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



FOR THE 

AATARI' 

CENTER NEAREST YOU 

PLEASE CALL OUR 

SALES OFFICE IN 

YOUR AREA 



■AAA** 

o 



READER COMMENT 

continued 



New England 

Bellavance, Fassler, larrobino, Inc. 

Needham, Maine 

617-449-3910 

Upstate New York 

Seeber Sales Corp. 

Lathann, New York 

518-785-4523 

Metro New York, North New Jersey 

The Spieler-Weiss Group, Ltd. 

Spring Valley, New York 

914-352-2502 

South New Jersey, 
East Pennsylvania, Delaware 

R. K. Marketing 

Havertown, Pennsylvania 

215-446-6400 

Maryland, Washington, Virginia 

Alexander & Samet 

Rockville, Maryland 

301-251-9300 

South Nevada, Arizona, 
New Mexico, El Paso 

Mountain Micro Markets 

Scottsdale, Arizona 

602-998-4357 

Washington, Oregon 

Barnsley-Weis Associates 

Yakima, Washington 

509-248-7250 

No. California, No. Nevada 

New-West Companies 

Mountain View, California 

415-940-6033 

Southern California 

Tri West Marketing, Inc. 

Culver City, California 

213-390-8591 



Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, 
Mississippi, No. & So. Carolina 

John Lee Company, Inc. 

Nashville, Tennessee 

615-321-5012 

Florida 

Intratec Technology Rep.'s inc. 

Boca Raton, Florida 

305-393-1925 

W. Pennsylvania, W. Virginia, 
Ohio, Kentucky 

Incom Marketing, Inc. 

Columbus, Ohio 

614-451-5146 

Minnesota, North Wisconsin, 
North Dakota, South Dakota 

Continental Merchandisers, Inc. 

St. Paul, Minnesota 

612-645-6441 

South Wisconsin, North Illinois, 
Michigan, Indiana 

Hawthorn Marketing, Inc. 

Buffalo Grove, Illinois 

312-541-8846 

Missouri, Kansas, S. Illinois, 
Nebraska, Iowa 

Sound Marketing Associates 

St. Louis, Missouri 

314-644-2400 

Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, 
Louisiana, Mississippi 

Miller & Associates 

Richardson, Texas 

214-437-5733 

Utah, Idaho, Colorado 
Wyoming, Montana, Alaska 

Schreyer Associates, Inc. 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

801-483-1331 



Hawaii 

SCS Co., Inc. 

Honolulu, Hawaii 

808-845-9937 



AATARI 

Power Without the Price 



bug. Replacing Lines 1240 and 1250 in 
the BASIC object file maker program 
M'ith these should correct the probJem; 

1240 DATA CAlOF2A9O08DeiD2 
A209BD9C339DBD37CA10F7A202 
FElA86BDlAe6C91A9ee5A9109D 
lA86?D8836CA98e210E9A? , 844 
1250 DATA C84CD32188808880 
9Be0808800eee88008e8880eAD 
013eC58SF0e2B0816eE688E689 
28FA22A282A9288D8eD2A8 , 32 

And, for those who'd like to know, 
here are the machine language source 
code changes: 

5H0BH5 LDA B0NM5G,K 

5TA DISP22+5,X 

DEK 

BPL 5H0BN5 

LDK tt2 ;ADD 

5H051 IHC SCORE, X ;18ee 

LDA SCORE, X ;P0IIITS 
CMP «26 ;T0 
BCC SH05X ; SCORE 
LDA ttie 
STA SCORE, X 

SHOSX STA DISP,X 
DEX 

BCC SH0S2 
BPL SHOSl 

SH0S2 LDA 11200 ;HAIT 280 
JMP HAIT ; JIFFIES 
-BYTE $8O,l80,S8O 
.BYTE S80,59B,0 
.HORD 0,0,0,0,0 

The machine language listing is op- 
tional . — Ed. 

No applause, please. 
I've been an ANALOG Computing 

reader since June of 1984 and eagerjy 
await its arrival each month. I'm in the 
process of trying to get as many back is- 
sues as possible and have recently be- 
come aware that issues 11 and 14 are no 
longer available. I hope to see a "Com- 
pendium 11" soon, containing articles 
that were in these issues, especially util- 
ities, games and articles in a series (like 
Fine Scrolling, Part 2). 

I really enjoy Tom Hudson's work. His 
article Moving Players in BASIC is in- 
valuable, and Graphic Violence is in- 
credible. I've also enjoyed Kyle Peacock's 
material, although I disagreed with his 
review of Robotron. 

When two talents like these come to- 
gether, a game like Fire Bug is inevit- 
able. I can say without hesitation that it's 
the best game I've ever typed into my 
800XL (and I've got well over 300K). 

Although I don't buy educational soft- 
ware, I find Dr. Griffin's column enter- 
taining and thought provoking. Mark 
Comeau's games are excellent ways to 

(cotil in Lif.'d on page 12] 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 9 



NEW PRODUCTS 



SEQUEL TO LODE RUNNER 

Lode Runner, one of the highest rated games for the Atari, is now followed by Lode Run- 
ner's Rescue, hi this new scenario, tlie player takes on the character of Alexandra, daughter 
of the famous Lode Runner, 

Alexandra must rescue her father from a pris- 
on cell by successfully negotiating forty-six 
mazes and picking up keys as she goes. One var- 
iation from the original is graphics: rather than 
the 2-D format of Lode Runner, this version is 
3-D. Sound effects are also greatly improved. 
A game editor to create your own screens is 
provided, and uses graphic icons to assist in de- 
velopment. Your new screens can be saved and 
played with all features, including hidden trap- 
doors, guards, elevators and rushing rivers. 

Price is $29.95 for 48K disk. Broderbund Soft- 
ware. 17 Paul Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903-2101 
— (415) 479-1170. 




SYNCALC TEMPLATES 

For use with the SynCalc Spreadsheet program, this disk includes twenty-two predesigned 
spreadsheet formulas and formats. 

Templates include: personal properly inven- 
tory and valuation, weekly appointment calen- 
dar, an expense report, mortgage analysis, 
kitchen measurement conversion table, stock 
portfolio evaluation, and analysis table of rent- 
ing vs. buying a home. Instructions to fit the 
SynCalc binder are provided, with a descrip- 
tion and "how to use it" for each template. 

Cost is $19.95 from Synapse Software, 17 
Paul Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903. 




COMPUTER MODEL CAR RACING 

On-Track is Gamestar's latest release in 
their "Sport's Alive" series. A game for one 
or two players, it gives you an overhead view 
of the track, which fills the screen. 

Options let you select between several 
tracks, including Watkins Glen, Daytona and 
Monaco. You also must choose one of three 
"drivers" for your car. Each of these drivers 
has a car with individual characteristics of 
speed, haudlijig and brakes. 




Using your joystick, you turn left and right, 
brake, and shift gears. In one-player mode, it's 
you against the computer (wWch never seems 
to crash, spinout, maim or make any mis- 
takes). 

Requires 48K, one or two joysticks — lots 
for $24.95. From Gamestar, 1302 State Street, 
Santa Barbara, CA 93101. 



OTHER NEWS 

The Invoicer is designed for small business 
owners, wholesalers and retailers who need 
a fast, low-cost way of invoicing orders and 
keeping track of them. 

Some features include: auto invoice num- 
bering, tracking taxable and nontaxable sales, 
and letterhead formatting. 

Available for $49.95 from MiccaSoft, 406 
Windsor Lane. New BraunMs. TX 78130 — 
(512) 629-4341. 

■ ■ ■ 

A list of forty-five astronomy-related pro- 
grams for several computers, including the 
Atari, is available. The listing contains a brief 
description of the software function and the 
full address of the manufacturer. 

To obtain a list, send a $1.00 donation (to 
cover postage and handling) to the Astronom- 
ical Society of the Pacific, 1290 24th Avenue, 
San Francisco, CA 94122. 



PENGRAPH EB50 

PenGraph EB50 from Silver Reed offers twelve different graphs and prints via a rotating 
ballpen writing head, to plot charts and graphs in four colors. Characters can be printed in 
Courier and Italic, and both graphs and prints can be produced in three sizes. 

Along with nine other 
graphic formats, the EB50 
is capable of plotting out 
your line graphs or bar and 
pie charts with ease. Con- 
nection is via a Centronics 
interface. 
v^ "mm ^^^^^Hlk Additional features in- 

^|||^ ^Vm ^^^^^B^^^V elude a 10-key buffer and a 

^Ij^^ ,^-~' ^^^ l^^^^^BB8fS^ 16-character LCD display 

iflRli^ 4^^kS vHH^B^^^R^^^^ And it weighs in at only 

"^^ ^^^ N^^^Bii^H^^HHk 5V2 pounds. 

F'or further information 
on the EB50, we suggest 
you contact: Silver Reed, 
19600 South Vermont Ave- 
nue, Torrance, CA 90502 
— (213) 516-7008. 




PAGE 10 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



■ 


ACTION, STRATEGY AND ADVENTURE 
IN THE NETHERWORLD 

This is the quest for five missing pieces of 
a magical gemstone stolen long ago. You'll ex- 
plore ninety caverns and rooms, and battle 
up to eight different creatures, attempting to 
'end them off with fireballs and arrows. 








1 


t 
I 
I 
t 

c 

1 

I 

{ 


Gemstone Warrior features full color and 
.mooth-scroUing graphics, uses a joystick and 
ceyboard, and allows you to pause and save 
he game at any time. Different levels of play 
nay also be selected. The instruction man- 
lal and Atari "version" card included are ex- 
remely well designed and very thorough — 
me of the better ones we've seen. 

Cost is $34.95 for 48K Disk. Strategic Simu- 
ations. Inc. (SSI), 883 Stierlin Rd., Building 
\-200, Mountain View, CA 94043-1983 — 
415) 964-1353. 



HANDS-ON GUIDE TO XL ATARI BASIC 




101 PROGRAMMING SURPRISES & TRICKS 

. . jor Your Atari Computer was recently published. 
It's a book containing just over 100 short programs. 
These consist of games, educational programs, ap- 
plications and just plain bizarre listings for you to 
type in. 

Rarely is a program explained at all; the user types 
them in and rmis them, simply to see what they do. 
All of the programs begin with "profound" proverbs, 
jokes {of a sort) or comments that make no sense 
, . .This is intended to be part of the fun and sur- 
prise of this book. It's a good book for the beginner 
who would enjoy typing in these small listings and 
watching the outcome. 

iOl Programming Surprises & Tricks for Your 
Atari Computer was written Ijy David L, Heiserman. 
It's 196 pages softbound and is sold for $11.50. For 
information, contact TAB BooLs Inc., Blue Ridge 
Summit, PA 17214. 








This new book is a sequel to Atari BASIC, the 
original shipped with 400 and 800 computers (in 
the old days). 

With new diagrams and artwork to include the 
XL line, Atari BASIC XL Edition is laid out very 
well. The use of excellent examples helps to demon- 
strate difficult concepts for the beginner. 

Chapters cover essentials of BASIC, BASIC arith- 
metic, graphics, sound, using a cassette recorder, 
programming tips and initial setup. There are 
dozens of short programs, charts and "self tests." 

The XL edition, written by the original's authors, 
Albrecht, Finkel and Brown, is 388 pages, soft- 
bound and sells for $14.95. Published by Wiley 
Press, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY10158. 



OTHER NEWS continued 

ICECO has just introduced a parallel inter- 
face converter to allow the hookup of a 
Centronics-compatible (parallel) printer to the 
Atari's joystick port. It's capable of working 
with any Atari computer, from the 400 to the 
1200XL to the 520ST. The powerful software 
package included supports most BASIC pro- 
grams. Letter Perfect, AtarlWriter, B/Graph, 
Atari Artist and other popular third-party 
programs. 

Contact: Integrated Computer Equipment 
Company, 8507 Natural Bridge Road, St. 
Louis, MO 63123 — (314) 423-3390. 



TEMPERATURE MONITOR AND DATA LOGGER 

An analog-to-digital converter from Applied Technologies registers a temperature range of 

- 15 to + 180 degrees Fahrenheit. At one-degree 
resolution, with the ability to display eight to 
sixteen temperature channels, the Comp-U- 
Temp plugs into the Atari's joystick port. 

Other features include weather-protected sen- 
sors and software capable of hard copy print- 
outs, labeling sensor locations, selecting high 
or low alarm settings, and several other func- 
tions. Comp-U-Graph is a program wlrich, when 
used with the temperature sensor, will graph 
your recorded data. 

Available in three versions, with package 
prices ranging from $89.95 to $179.95. For more 
information on Comp-U-Temp and Comp-U- 
Graph, contact Applied Technologies, Inc., 
..,^^^^^^^^^^ Computer Products Division, Lyndon Way, Kit- 
i'. I :<<Miiii«HiiHHII^HHH tery, ME 03904 — (207) 439-5074. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 /PAGE 11 




READER COMMENT continued 



increase my knowledge of BASIC, and 
they're very addicting. Scott Scheck also 
contributes top-notch programs to ANA- 
LOG Computing. 

Air Attack is superb. Climber and 
Bopotron! are great. I also enjoy short 
games like Reckless Racer and Miner 
Jack. Two-Gun is fantastic! 

On to utilities. . .Binary File Menu 
Loader saved me a lot of disks. P/M Cre- 
ator/Animator is a program I'd pay $20 
for. 

Unicheck is the best proofreader I've 
worked with. It catches aU errors; it's 
fast; and it has a provision for when 
you're typing really well. Numeric Key- 
pad is a typist's dream come true. Mi- 
crocheck is a commercial-quality utility 
that I've been looking for in a magazine 
for a long time. 

Miscellaneous articles that I've en- 
joyed immensely are: ANALOG Com- 
puting's Guide to Atari Computer 
Publications, Atari Stocking Stuffers, 



coverage of the Winter CES, interviews. 
Atari CON report and guides to hard- 
ware. 

What would I like to see in future is- 
sues? All the things I've complimented, 
including games (both assembly and 
BASIC), tutorials, reviews, new prod- 
ucts, additions to previous articles and 
utilities of all sorts. 

Specifically, I'd like to see Minicomp 
compile itself and maybe even add more 
commands (FOR/NEXT). When I get 
back issue 16, I'll type in Solid States, 
which I'm sure I'll love. I could swear 
I saw a suggestion that that might be 
compiled, too. I'd like to see this done. 

In addition, I would like to see DOS3 
utilities, such as XL-DOS and Revive 
written in DOS3. Also, it would be nice 
to see more uses for the unused 16K in 
the 800XL. Maybe it could be used as 
a printer buffer for the AtariWriter. 

I would also like an AUTORUN file 
(similar to the Binary File Menu Load- 



er] that runs BASIC programs. I've filled 
a couple of disks with BASIC games, and 
feel this would be a nice utility- 
Keep up the dynamite work. 
Your loyal reader, 
Peter Scimeca 
Highland, NY 
P. S. Do you allow subscribers to down- 
load the programs in the magazine from 
a modem? If so, 1 will inmiediately buy 
a modem. 

For those of you who've been frying io 
obtain a copy of issue 16, only to be told 
thai we were out of them — good neivs.' 
A limited supply of issue 16 was found 
at our warehouse. Call our editorial of- 
fices [617-892-9230] to request a copy 
before they ail vanish. 

AJJ of ANALOG Computing's recent 
programs and selected materials from 
the earlier issues are available for down- 
loading via our TCS. See the TCS ad. 
on the inside front cover. 



DRAPER PASCAL 

For the Atari 400/800 XL or XE Series Computers 

• Many features from both UCSD and ISO standard Pascals plus 
many extensions such as sound and graphics, to make use 

of the versatile Atari hardware. 

• Character, String, Integer, Real, Boolean, and File data types 
supported. 

• Single dimension arrays for all data types other than File. 

• Only one disk drive (and 48K R^M) are required. 

• Includes Editor program (Pascal source included). 

• Includes Main Menu program (Pascal source included). Main 
Menu program may be replaced with a user written program to 
create a turnkey operation. 

• Easy to use. No linking required. Compile and execute immediately. 

• Comprehensive user manual included. Complete examples, and 
BASIC equivalents given for each reserved word. 

• Machine language subroutines may be loaded and called. 

• No limit on source program size. "Include" files supported. 

• Program chaining is supported. 

• Royalty free license included. 

• Bugs fixed free, if encountered. 

• Backup diskette included. 

• Includes sample programs. 

• Satisfaction guaranteed. Return within 30 days if not satisfied. 

• Price: $64 95 SPECIAL $44.95 THRU 10/31/85! 

To Older Visa Maslercard check money order and COD accepted II charge please include 
enpiiation dale ol card Add S2 00 for shipping and handling Add SI 90 for COD orders l^ail 
and phone orders accepted Phone answered 24 hours fvlonday through Saturday Same or next 
business day shipping on most orders Immediate shipping on check orders No wait for check 
clearance reguired 

Dealer Inquiries invited 

DRAPER SOFTWARE 

307 Forest Grove Richardson, Texas 75080 (214) 699-9743 

Atari is a trademark at Alan Corp. 



800-225-5800 For ordering only 

Call 617-371-1855 for our Catalog! 
Atari "ST" Products 



Infocom All Titles S Call 

Oasis Systems 

"Sun Dog" S Call 

"Hippo" C Compiler . .S57 96 
Pascal Compiler S69.96 



"ST" Development 

Software Pkg $ Call 

VIP Professional S94 96 

"ST" Cables 

iPR&Modem} S/3 46 



Lots of Other Exciting New Products! 

Fischer-Technic Robot Kit 1 19.95 

with Interface 189.95 

Movit Robot Kits $ 1 8.95 & up 

US Doubler dbl. derisity for 1050 disk drive 

w/Sparta Dos $52.46 

Basic XE $54.95 

850 Interface w/cable 

Printer or Modem $ I 1 4.95 

Relax from Synapse $69.95 

Atari and At;ari ST are Trademarks of Atat-i Corp. 

Order: M/C, Visa, Personal checks allow 2 wks. MA 

residents add 5°o sis. tax. Ship: Orders under $100 add 

$3, over $100 free ship. $5 ship all ord. outside cont. U.S. 

Warranty No returns w/o authorization. 

Defective sftwr replaced w/same prgrm. 

hquiries 6I7-37I-I85S P.O. Box 1402. Concord. MA 01742 



CIRCLE #104 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



CIRCLE #105 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 12 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



GRIFFIN'S 
LAIR 



Educational Programs 
Review 




by Braden E. Griffin, M.D. 

This month's column was written in 
the middle of the sweltering heat of sum- 
mer. We'll deal with a couple of educa- 
tional programs for the young members 
of the audience. Excuse the brevity of the 
introduction, but it's hot in here! 

DR. SEUSS 

FIX-UP THE MIX-UP PUZZLER 

CBS SOFTWARE 

A Unit of CBS Publishing Group 

CBS, Inc. 

Greenwich, CT 06836 

48K Disk $29.95 

The computer's version of'the jigsaw 
puzzle has been around for a number of 
years. Instead of using a puzzle piece's 
shape and the part of the original pic- 
ture contained therein to reassemble the 
whole, only the latter element is neces- 
sary in the electronic version. 

If ever there were an ideal collection 
of characters to be mixed up in a puz- 
zle of this sort, the incredibly unique 
CTcaUons from the stories of Dr. Seuss 



are it. CBS Software has introduced 
such a game for children of four years 
and up. 

The game itself isn't much different 
from other, similar programs. Three of 
the available six Dr. Seuss characters are 
randomly selected and displayed at the 
start of each level. Pressing the fire but- 
ton initiates the puzzle's scrambling. 

To the right of the puzzle is an area 
referred to as a Space Holder. Using the 
joystick to move a white box through- 
out the puzzle to the Space Holder, the 
child creates a blank space. By moving 
the white box over any other piece and 
pressing the fire button, a player moves 
that piece to the blank spot. The puzzle 
pieces can be moved wherever one de- 
sires. 

Level one divides the picture into nine 
equal-sized pieces, each containing a 
body part. This is sort of a practice lev- 
el, not requiring the child to reassem- 
ble the puzzle in any particular order. 
It provides an opportunity to demon- 
strate to the child how the game works. 

Level two is also a nine-piece puzzle, 
but this time some pieces are upside 
down. Hitting the SPACE BAR while a 



piece is surrounded by the white box 
results in the piece's being rotated 180 
degrees. Once the puzzle is solved cor- 
rectly, the characters become animated, 
and a score appears in the upper right- 
hand corner of the screen. 

Level three divides the puzzle into 
sixteen parts, making it much more dif- 
ficult to recognize a particular charac- 
ter's parts in an individual piece. The 
characters must also be reassembled in 
the correct left-to-right order, as they 
were originally displayed. 

This level incorporates a time limit, 
enabling the player to score 800 bonus 
points if the puzzle's completed prompt- 
ly. Level four is similar, except this time 
some of the pieces are upside down. 

Level five is, as one might expect, the 
most difficult. Twenty-five pieces com- 
prise the puzzle, some of which are up- 
side down. Again, if one beats the timer, 
bonus points are given. This level is a 
real challenge. I spent the better part of 
an afternoon trying to gain the bonus 
points at this level. 1 failed. 

This type of game stimulates the de- 
velopment of a number of learning skills. 
Pattern and object recognition, sequenc- 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985/ PAGE 13 




GRIFFIN'S LAIR co^m^rued 



ing, and memory skills are involved to 
a great extent. The nonthreatening and 
delightful manner of presentation makes 
this game an enjoyable way of enhanc- 
ing these skills. 

It's easy for young children to learn to 
play Fix Up the Mix Up. And they won't 
lose any puzz/e pieces! 




Dr. Seuss 
Fix Up the Mix Up Puzzler. 

The Muppet Learning Keys'^'^ may be 
used in place of the joystick. Every time 



the puzzle is completed and the charac- 
ters begin to animate, the joyful world 
of Dr. Seuss is recalled for an instant. 
It feels good. It should. 

An Atari computer, 

Any will do — 

To fix up 

The Doorman o/ SoJJa Sollew. 

The shyest of kids 

Will leap from the closet 

For the chance, if one dares, 

To restore the strange Woset. 

Clark and The Grinch, 

That dastardly soul. 

Are waiting for children 

To come make them whole. 

My apologies to those 

Who cringe at my rhyme. 

But this game gives more 

Than just a good time. 

The Cat in the Ha( 

And his crew also will teach; 

I know, 'cause I heard it from 

The Sfar-Bellied Sneetch. 



TIMEMASTERS 

NATURAL SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 

Box 360 

Rutland Hollow Road 

Watertown, NY 13601 

48K Disk $29.95 

Telling time ranks right up there with 
colors, numbers and tying one's shoes as 
an important learning milestone. Clock 
time, that is, with the big hand and the 
little hand. 

Probably the only drawback of the 
digital watch, one of the great techno- 
logical advances of our generation (sec- 
ond only to the much-decorated T-shirt) , 
is the impediment it has created for chil- 
dren trying to learn how to tell time the 
old fashioned way. 

With so many of the digital variety 
timepieces around, there is a lack of in- 
centive (or necessity) for youngsters to 
develop this skill. Here's an education- 
al program intended to fill this void. 

Designed for children from four to 
nine years of age, TimeMasters teaches 



Programmer's TOOLBOX 

The utility programs you wanted - but didn't know wliere to find tliem! 
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pages for insertion in a 3-ring binder. 

• RE-NUMBER - lets you re-number the lines in your Atari Basic pro- 
gram. Specify starting number and spacing between numbers. 

• AUTO-BOOT - lets you set up a disk so the Basic program of your 
choice v^ill automatically load when the computer is turned on. Will 
accept any program name. Displays name of program while loading. 

• cross-reference - gives you a SORTED listing of all the varia- 
bles in your Basic program and the line numbers on which each one 
appears. Gieat for de-bugging and keeping track of which variables 
are already in use. 

• INSTANT DISK DIRECTORY - unfortunately. Atari Basic does not 
have a DIR command so you must exit Basic in order to find out what 
is on a disk or how much space remains. This utility eliminates that 
hassle. Just "Enter" it at any time while in Basic. It will clear the 
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the free space remaining and then clear itself without messing up any 
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Get all FIVE o( these programs on one disk for only $17.95. Available for 
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PRINT DRIVERS for AtarlWrlter - AtariWriter is a great word processing 
program but that doesn't do you too much good if you have a printer that 
is not one of the four shown on the AtariWriter printer display. We have 
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More programs available! Ask for free price list. 

6513 Lankershim Boulevard I North Hollywood, CA 91606 



CIRCLE #106 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



ELECTRONIC ONE* 



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ATARI 800XL 88.00 

ATARI 1200XL 58,00 

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STARSG10 238.00 

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EPSON LX80 238.00 

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U PRINT 64.99 

UPRINT16K BUFFER 79.99 

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TOUCH TABLET 42.99 

1030 MODEM 69.99 

MPP1000E MODEM 69.99 

ATARI LAB STARTER KIT . . . .44.99 
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PAPERCLIP 36.99 

ACTION 59.99 

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MACRO ASSEMBLER 19.99 

PRINT SHOP 27.99 

BASIC CARTRIDGE 6.99 

CENTIPEDE 9.99 

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INTERNATIONAL: Actual freight charge on all orders outside the continen- 
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CALL OR WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 



ELECTRONIC ONE* 

P,0 Box 13428 • 



C6141864 399^ 

Columbus, Otlio 43213 



CIRCLE #107 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 14 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



A ATARI 



jSUPERPRINTER 
PACKAGES 



|SG-10 Printer and 
U-PnntA,^ 289 

I Citoh 7500AP and 
U-Print A 292 

I Panasonic 1091 and 



Panasonic 1090 and 
U-Print A 269 

Legend 880 and 
U-PnntA 287 

Powertype and 



U-Print A 



.315 



U-Print A , 



.369 



Super printer packages have no extra 
J charges added when shipped in Conti- 
nental USA. 



Atari 520 ST 

Monochrome System . . . Call 

Atari 520 ST-RGB System Call 

I for latest ST Software and Accessories 



Atari 130 XE Computer can For 

A, 'jr^i-z-Li-s- I r-x' Current 

Atari 1050 Disk Drive pnces 



PRINTER 
BUFFERS 

Microfazer . . . Call 
U-Print-16K Printer 

Buffer .... 79.95 
U-Print-32K Printer 

Buffer .... 99.95 
U-Print-64K Printer 

Buffer ...109.95 



.IL 



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micronict-inc 

THE POWER BEHIND THE PAINTED WORD. 

219 

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SG-10 
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PRINTER INTERFACES 



PRINTERS 

Citoh 851 OAP + . . 329 Legend 880 219 

Citoh 7500AP .... 219 Panasonic 1091 . 245 

Epson Call Panasonic 1 090 .1 99 

Toshiba 1 340 559 Powertype 309 

Buy the print shop for 27.95 with the 
purchase of any printer. 



Indus GT 219 



MODEMS 

Maxwell 300/1200 

AA/DD 

MPP1000E ....8 
Volksmodem 300 . 



319 
3.95 
.59 



Volksmodem 1200 189 
R-Verter Modem 
Adapter 39.95 



New-Pocket Modem-Direct 
Connect 94.95 



Aid Interfast I . . . 99.95 U-Print A,/16K Buffer . . 79.95 

U-Print A 59.95 U-Print A/32K Buffer , . 99.95 

U-Pnnt A/64K Buffer 109.95 



Buy the CompuServe Starter Kit for 
21.95 w/Any IVIodem Purchase 



wsms^mBsmmmm 



Rescue on 

Fractalus-D 24.95 

World's Greatest 

Football-D 24.95 

The Eidolon-D . . . 24.95 



_ COMPUTER SOFTWARE 

Sastegy Games for the Action-Game Player 



Winter Games. ... 24.95 
Koronis Rift-D . . . 24.95 

Ballblazer-D 24.95 

Pitstop ll-D 24.95 

Summer Games-D 24.95 



SUPER SPECIAL PRICES EFFECTIVE NOW THRU OCTOBER 31, 1985 



A T 

ACTIVISION 

Decalholon-Carl 19.95 

Hero-Can ;9.95 

Pitlall |i-Carl 19.95 

Mindshadow-D 20.95 

Designer's Pencil-Cart 19.95 

Space Stiyltle-Carl 19.95 

Ghosltuslers-D 24.95 

Great American Cross Counlry 
Hace-D 20,95 

AVALON HILL 

Call (or ilems and prices 

BRODERBUND 

Bank Street Wnler-D 34.95 

Loderunner-D 23.95 

Mask ol Ihe Sun-D 27.95 

Operaticn Wtiirlwind-D 27.95 

Spelunker-D 20.95 

Slellli-D 20.95 

Wtlistler's Brother 20.95 

Print Sliop-D 34.95 

Serpenl's Slar-D 27,95 

Print Stop Paper 16.95 

Pnnt Shop Graphics-D 19.95 

CBS SOFTWARE 

Call for ilems and prices 

DATASOFT 

Conan-D 27,95 

Bruce Lee-D 27,95 

Alternate Realily-D 27,95 

Goonies-D 23,95 

Elevator Action-D 23.95 

Zorro-D 23.95 

Pole Position ll-D 23.95 

INFOCOM 

Deadline-D 29.95 

Enchanter.D 23.95 

Inlidel-D 29.95 

Planetlall-D 24.95 

Sorcerei-D 29.95 

Slarcross-D 29.95 

Suspended-D 29.95 

Wttness-D 29.95 

Sea Stalker-D 24.95 

Cutttlroats-D 24.95 

Suspect.D 24.95 

Hitctiiker-D 24 95 

ATARI is a trademark 
of ATARI, INC 



A R 

Zork 1-D 24,95 

Zork II or Ill-D 27,95 

Wisllbringer-D 27,95 

EPYX 

Call for Items and pnces 

MICROPROSE 

Air Rescue l-DT 23.95 

F-ISStnkeEagle-DT 23.95 

Crusade in Europe-D 27.95 

Decision in Desert-D 27.95 

Kennedy Approach-D 23.95 

MINDSCAPE 

Call for ilems and prices 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Diskey-D 34.95 

Ultra Disasseml)ler-D 34.95 

Codewriter-D 69.95 

Star League Baseball DT .,,23,95 

star Bowl Foolball-DT 23,95 

Master Type-D Cart 27.95 

Fligtit simulator ll-D 34.95 

SA.M.-D 41,95 

Castle Wollensleln-D 2095 

CompuServe Starter Kit 24,95 

Home Accounlant-D 49,95 

Monkey Wrench ll-D 23.95 

Ultima lll-D 37.95 

Juplte' Mission-D 34.95 

Spy Hunter-CarlD 29,95 

Tapper-Cart,. D 29,95 

Up 'N Down-CarlD 29,95 

Pic Biilder-D 27,95 

Astrochase-D 19,95 

Sargonll-DT 16,95 

Odesta Chess-D 49.95 

SpyvE Spy-D 23.95 

MMG Basic Compiler-D 69.95 

Summer Games-D 27.95 

Pllstopll-D 27.95 

Gateway to Apshal-Cart 27.95 

Montezuma's Revenge-D ,,,, 27,95 

Dragon Pern-D 27,95 

Adventure Master-D 34,95 

Get Rich Series-D 34,95 

Frogger ll-Cart 24,95 

NelWorlti-D 49,95 

Ramrod XL 79,95 

Stickybear-D 27 95 

Omnilrend Universe-D 69,95 

Space Beagle-D 23,95 



I 



MISC. (cont.) 

Beachhead-D 21.95 

Letter Pertecl-D 39,95 

Harcourt Bruce S,A,T 59,95 

Data Perlect-D 39,95 

Star Wars-Cart 24,95 

S.A,G.E, Graphics Edltor-D , 39,95 

Strip Poker-D 23,95 

Scroll ol Abadon-D 23,95 

Bounty Bob-Carl 29,95 

Alien Voice Box 99,95 

Ultima IV-D 41,95 

Raid Over Moscow-S 27,95 

Micro-League Baseball-D , , , 29,95 
Ultima ll-D 37,95 



MISC. (cont.) 

Trails & Tnbulalions-D 19,95 

Ball Blazer-D 27,95 

Return On Fractalis-D 27,95 

Halley Project-D 29,95 

Astral Rift-D 2795 

Back To Basic Accounting-D, , , Call 

Data Manager-D 19,95 

Electronic Checkbook-D .,, , 19,95 

Money Manager-D 19,95 

Qbert-Carl 24,95 

Popeye-Cart 24,95 

Startighler Joystick 9.95 

Wico Joysticks Call 

Tac II Joystick 14.95 



-EST. 1982 



PO Box 17882. Milwaukee. Wl 53217 

ORDER LINES OPEN 

Mon-Fri 11 am - 7pm CST •Sal 12 p m -5pm CST 

To Order Call Toll Free 

800-558-0003 

For Technical Info, Order 
Inquiries, or for Wise. Orders 

414-351-2007 

ORDERING INFORMATION: Please specly system 
For last delivery send cashier's clieck. money order or direct bank 
Iranslers Personal and company checks allow 2 weeks to clear 
Charges (or COD are S3 00 School Purchase Orders welcome In 
CONTINENTAL USA. include S3 00 shipping per soltware order 
Include 4% shipping on all Hardware orders, minimum $4.00. 
Mastercard & Visa please include card # and cxpirahon dale Wl 
residents please add 5% sales lax HI. AK, FPO. APO, Canadian 
orders — add 5% shipping, minimum S5 00 All older loreign 
orders, please add 15% shipping, minimum S10 00 All goods 
are new and include laclory warranty Due to our tow prices, all 
sales are final All defective returns must have a return authoriza- 
tion number Please call 414-351 -2007 to obtain an RA# or your 
return will NOT be accepted lor replacement or repair Prices and 
availability are subiecl to change without notice 



W A 

MISC. (cont.) 

Data Manager-D 19,95 

Electronic Checkbook-D 19,95 

Money Manager-D 19,95 

Qbert-Cart 24,95 

Popeye-Carl 24,95 

Starfighter Joystick 9,95 

Wico Joysticks Call 

Tac II Joystick 14.95 

OPTIMIZED SYSTEMS 

Basic XE-Cart 52.95 

MAC 65 XL-Cart 49.95 

Action-Cart 49.95 

Basic XL-Carl 39.95 

DOS XLBug 65 27.95 

MAC 65 Tool Kit-D 20.95 

Action Tool Kil-D 20,95 

Basic XL Tool Kll-D 20,95 

SCHOLASTIC 

Call lor ilems and prices 

SCREENPLAY 

Call lor items and pnces 

SEGA 

Call for ilems and prices 

SIERRA ON-LINE 

Call for ilems and prices 

SPINNAKER 

Call for Items and prices 

ELECTRONIC ARTS 

Arction iy,95 

Arclionll 2'1.95 

fvlule 19.95 

Realm Impossibilily 19,95 

Murder Zinderneuf 19,95 

Music Construction 19,95 

Pinball Construction 19.95 

One on One 24.95 

Seven Cities of Gold 24.95 

Financial Cookbook 29.95 

GAMESTAR 

star League Baseball-DT ,,,20,95 
Starbowl Foolball-D T . , , , 20,95 
On Track Racmg-D 20,95 

D— DISK 

T— CASSETTE 

CART— CARTRIDGE 



SSI 

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Combat Leader-D 24,95 

Cosmic Balance ll-O 24,95 

Cosmic Balance-D 24,95 

Broadsides-D 24.95 

War In Russia-D 49.95 

50 Mission Crush-D 24.95 

Oueslron-D 32.95 

Rails West-D 24.95 

Computer Ambush.D 37.95 

Galactic Adventures-D 37.95 

Computer Baseball-D 24.95 

Relorger 88-D 37.95 

Objective Kursk-D 24.95 

Breakthrough Ardennes-D . . . 37.95 

Field ol Fire-D 24.95 

Imperium Galalium-D 24.95 

Oper Markel Gardcn-D 32.95 

Kamplgruppe-D 37.95 

Computer Quarterback-D ,,,. 24,95 

Colonial Conquesl-D 24,95 

Gemslone Warrior-D 21.95 

Six Gun Shooloul-D 24.95 

SYNAPSE 

Syncalc-D 34.95 

Synlile-D 34.95 

Syntrend-D 27.95 

Syncom-D 27.95 

Synchron-D 27.95 

Synstock-D 27.95 

Syncalc Templates-D 1 6.95 

Relax Stress Reduction-D . 79.95 

BlueMax-D 23.95 

Blue Max 2001-0 20.95 

Mlndwheel-D 27.95 

Loderunner's Rescue-D 20.95 

XLENT SOFTWARE 

Megalont-D 19.95 

Page Designer.D 23.95 

Typesetter-D 27.95 

Megalller-D 23.95 

BAHERIES 
INCLUDED 

Home Pak-D 34.95 

80 Column Card-Carl 49.95 

Paper Clip-D 39.95 

B-Graph-D .... 



No surcharge for MasterCard 



49.9^B 



CIRCLE #108 ON READER SERVICE CARD 




GRIFFIN'S LAIR co.ni.rued 



clock time, days of the week, months of 
the year and hohdays. Three teaching 
modes are available. The Leai-ning mode 
displays a clock, a calendar and an out- 
door picture. 

As the clock hands are moved, the 
time is displayed digitally. Also, while 
the time changes, the outdoor picture 
changes from night to day, etc. Addition- 
ally, as each day passes, the calendar day 
advances, and the picture changes to re- 
flect the change of seasons with each 
passing month. 

The Clock Checker mode displays a 
clock (surprise!) and five possible time 
choices. The child is to pick the correct 
time. A similar mode is used with the 
Calendai- Checker, employing the days of 
the week, The score is kept with each 
mode, and a correct response is reward- 
ed with a colorful graphic display and 
musical accompaniment. 

This program will probably do what 
it sets out to, and it's adequately pre- 
sented. The holidays are set for 1985; it 




Dr. Griffin, as Chio/ oj Newborn Medi- 
cine at a perinatal center, spends mosi 
of his lime in the neivborn infensive caro 
ward. 0//-hours, he's been using an Atari 
800 for four years. In keeping wifh his 
gentie projession of nurturing preemies, 
Dr. Gri/fin's number one game is Crush, 
Crumble, Chomp. 



TimeMasters. 

would be nice to be able to change this 
yearly. But gimme a break! 

I don't think we need a computer pro- 
gram to teach this skill. A pencil and pa- 
per, a long and a short piece of string 
are all the materials required to accom- 
plish the same task. Oh yes, one more 
thing is necessary. Time. I think your 
time and money can be better spent. D 



ULTIMATE STORAGE 




Here's the perfect way to organize your ANALOG Computing library— 
sturdy, custom-made binders and files in deep blue leatherette with em- 
bossed silver lettering. Silver labels are included to index by volume 
and year One binder or a box-style file is all you'll need to accommo- 
date 12 issues (1 year) of ANALOG Computing— all the games, 
programs, tutorials and utilities that you want handy. 
The ANALOG Computing binder opens flat for easy reading and 
reference. They're economically priced at $8.50 each— 3 binders 
for $24.75 or 6 binders for $48.00, postage paid. 
The ANALOG Computing file is attractive and compact, holding 
12 issues for easy access. Files are available for only $6.95 each— 3 
files for $20.00 or 6 files for $36.00, postage paid. 

Foreign orders — add $2.50 each for shipping and handling. 

Please allow four to five weeks for delivery. 

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ANALOG Computing binders 



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P.O. Box 5120, DEPT ACOM, Philadelphia, PA 19141 



PAGE 16 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



PANAK 
STRIKES! 

Reviews of the latest 
softivare 



by Steve Panak 



Being totally humiliated and reduced 
to human wreckage by a trio of computer 
chess games is not a pretty sight, nor 
one for the faint of heart. 

At first, they beat me down to a quiv- 
ering mass. However, I had promised 
you my considered opinion; I had to per- 
severe. Once I regained my wits and 
started to think. . .well, then they sim- 
ply outsmarted me. Finally, after a cou- 
ple of hours, I was able to win — I could 
to bear to look at myself in the bathroom 
mirror. I was victor 

Chess is an old and complex game, so 
much so that there is no way I could do 
it justice here. Nor will I try. A good set 
of reference works is the Pergamon Press 
Chess Series. These books offer a com- 
plete history and analysis of the game, 
along with a volume (although a couple 
years out of date] which covers computer 
chess. These, or any of a host of others 
available at your local library, can fami- 
liarize those unacquainted with the 
game. 

The invention of machines capable of 
playing chess (and, no, the word is not 
capitalized — perhaps an indication of 
the antiquity of the game) is nearly as 
old as the game itself. However, apart 
from the old automatons with chessmas- 
ters hidden inside, only recently have 
machmes been close to capable of chal- 
lenging even the novice player 




This is 
large part, to the as- 
tronomical number of 
possible board positions. 
There are 197,299 differ- 
ent ways to play the first 
four moves, which lead to 
72,000 board positions. If you 
consider that chess will yield 
169,518,829,100,544 X 10i= pos- 
sible ways to play the first ten 
moves, you begin to get the pic- 
tui'e. 

By the time I tell you that the total 
number of possible games greatly ex- 
ceeds the number of atoms in the known 
universe, you have not only gotten the 
picture, but you've probably burned out 
the imsettling image. So the logical next 
question is: how do these games work? 

I'll give you a weasel answer: they're 
programmed to and, as such, they can 
only play as good a game as their pro- 
grammers. The typical program works 
by analyzing possible board positions, 
choosing the one which yields the best 
results. . .or, perhaps, the least damage. 

Either way you look at it, they take 
into account material gain, mobility and 



strategic positions. How far and hard 
they search for the optimum move is de- 
termined by the level at which they're 
set to play. 

This typically controls the ply of the 
search. "Ply" is the number of half- 
moves ahead the computer looks. In 
a two-ply search, the machine only 
takes into account the possible re- 
sponses you'll have to its contem- 
plated move. As the search goes 
deeper, it looks at possible coimter- 
moves and counter-responses. 

Using a decision tree, which branches 
out as deeply as the ply of the search, 
it chooses the board position most valu- 
able to it. It can easily be seen that, if 
it utilizes a shallow seai'ch, the program 
cannot possibly see the rationale for sac- 
rificing a queen that forces a checkmate 
five ply down the road. 

So, on the easy levels, a simple two- 
move attack (such as a knight fork] might 
well spell dooin. But, as you increase 
the depth of the search, the machine be- 
comes more and more invincible. 

Add to this the fact that the computer 
makes no mistakes, and — well, you get 
the picture, again. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 17 



p. 



' PANAK STRIKES! corUtnued 



I had first planned to battle the games 
against each other, to try to determine 
the "best" of the three. Not only was this 
difficult and time consuming, 1 also real- 
ized that it would be fruitless. 

One problem is that no program pre- 
cisely defines what it considers on the 
various levels, nor always the depth of 
search. So, level 1 on one game might 
naturally be equivalent to level 2 on an- 
other. Thus, the only level which really 
makes sense in a battle is the highest 
level. 

The problem now is that, on the high 
levels, these programs search for hours, 
days or, in one case, perpetually — the 
thing never stops looking until you tell 
it to; it will search until the public util- 
ity company itself folds. But there is one 
point on which all the games are weak. 

This is endgame, which is loosely de- 
fined as the last third of a game, when 
most major pieces have been eliminated 
through trades, so only pawns and kings 
(and, perhaps, one major piece) ai'e left. 



I fomid it very easy to beat any one of 
these games, if I was able to survive un- 
til the endgame (which was not often 
possible). 

In my opening, I offer a trade which 
results in the program either doubling 
up or isolating one or more of its pawns. 
In the middle game, I eliminate these to 
give myself a pawn advantage. In the 
endgame, I force my opponent to sacri- 
fice his last major piece to prevent me 
from moving my pawn to the last rank 
and obtaining a queen. Using this stra- 
tegy and avoiding an early checkmate 
(wlrich is the programs' forte], I was able 
to win a good majority of the games. 

However, just one mistake, though it 
may be unknown to you, will spell your 
doom. Lose your queen and you proba- 
bly should hang it up, unless you're an 
extremely strong player. 

When you choose a chess program, 
whether one of these or another, you 
probably will want to determine just 
how much you will use it, and why. Any 



program here will play a challenging 
game, follow the rules religiously, and 
help you improve your own play of this 
classic. 

Now, let's take a look at the games 
themselves. 

SARGON II 

by Dan and Kathe Spracklen 

HAYDEN SOFTWARE 

600 Suffolk Street 

Lowell, MA 01854 

16K Disk $19.95 

The Sargon chess program has been 
around quite a while. In 1978, the first 
Sargon took first place in a chess tour- 
nament exclusively for microcomputers. 
The book, Sargon — A Con^juter Chess 
Progi'am, from the Hayden Book Com- 
pany, completely analyzes the program, 
as well as giving a listing of it in Z-80 
assembly language. If you wish to un- 
derstand exactly how such a program 
works, 1 strongly recommend this book. 



WHAT IS 
CHECKSUM DATA? 



Most program listings in ANALOG Computing are followed by a table of numbers appearing as 
DATA statements, called "CHECKSUM DATA." These numbers are to be used in conjunction with 
D:CHECK and C:CHECK (which appeared in ANALOG Computing issue 16 and the ANALOG 
Compendium) or with Unicheck (from issue 24). 

D:CHECK and C:CHECK (written by Istvan Mohos and Tom Hudson) and Unichiecl< (by Tom 

Hudson) are designed to find and correct typing errors when readers are entering programs from 
the magazine. For those readers who would like copies of these articles, you may send for back 
issue 16 or 24 ($4.00 each) or the ANALOG Compendium ($14.95 plus $2.00 shipping and han- 



dling from: 



ANALOG Computing 

P.O. Box 615 
Holmes, PA 19045 



PAGE 18 /OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



Sargon II is a refinement of the origi- 
nal, making it easier to use, as well as 
toughening the opponent and adding a 
beginner's level. It has the advantage of 
being the cheapest program I tested. 
However, it also lacked many of the most 
basic features and was extremely hard 
to use. 

To make a move against Sargon II, 
you must enter (using the keyboard) the 
coordinates of the piece you wish to 
move, followed by the coordinates of the 
space you wish to occupy. The board is 
referred to by letters along the X-axis and 
numbers along the Y-axis. Thus, the top 
right-hand square has the location H8; 
the bottom left, Al. 




Sargon II. 

The only problem is that the numbers 
and letters are not displayed alongside 
the board. This means that you must ei- 
ther visualize them or, perhaps, place a 
cardboard cutout on your monitor. It was 
difficult at first, but, after a while, I was 
able to enter my moves with some rapid- 
ity. It was, however, always inconvenient 
and made the concentration necessary 
to beat the game that much harder to 
attain. 

Taking back moves is also difficult, so 
much so that it can't be fully explained 
here. Basically, though, you take back 
moves the same way as you set up a cus- 
tom board. 

It's so tough that you'll prefer to start 
over if it's still early in the game. A later 
mistake will force you to figure it out. 
No doubt, it can be done; the issue is 
that it could have been done much more 
simply. Perhaps Sargon III, currently 
available for some systems, has reme- 
died this; I'll report back to you when 
it comes out in an Atari version. 

The manual for Sargon II was also the 
poorest of the bunch, giving no rules for 
chess, much less strategies. So, if you're 
unfamiliar with the game, plan to go to 
the library to learn it. 

As for features, you can set up a board 



anytime, switch sides, or choose color 
(white always moves first, a basic chess 
rule). 

Sargon II is a bargain program which 
is hard to use and inexpensive. However, 
it played a tough game and offered sev- 
en levels, enough to keep most budding 
masters busy until the turn of the cen- 
tury. 

CHESS 

PARKER BROTHERS 
Beverly, MA 01915 
16K Cartridge $49.95 

This cartridge from Parker Brothers 
was surprisingly good, probably because 
I really didn't expect much from it. I 
don't have that much confidence in the 
makers of basically luck-oriented games 
likfiJ^opopoly (a great game, but hard- 
ly one requiring a lot of strategy) . For the 
money, though Chess was the best of the 
bunch. 

Since it is a cartridge, no disk drive 
is needed, which opens this game up to 
all Atari owners, unless you don't have 
a cartridge slot (in which case, obtain 
professional help, because something is 
seriously wrong with you or your com- 
puter). Also, since the keyboard selects 
moves, no controllers are needed. How- 
ever, the joystick makes it easier to lean 
back on the couch and absorb the repeti- 
tive, crushing defeats. 




Chess by Parker Brothers. 

Moves are easily made, by placing a 
cursor over the piece to be moved, press- 
ing the button, then carrying the cursor 
to the destination square. On the key- 
board, you use the ARROW keys and the 
RETURN key. The cursor seemed slow 
to move at times, but it's hard to fault 
this — chess is supposed to be a slow 
game. 

Pressing other keys will activate op- 
tions like: take back (a move), replay (a 
game to the ciu-rent point), hint (makes 
your move), autoplay, change sides, or 



position pieces. All of these are easily 
accomplished, with none of the difficul- 
ties Sargon II presented. 

The manual is good and lengthy, at 
70-plus pages. It gives basic rules of the 
game, along with strategies and some 
background information on computer 
chess. 

My only complaint was that I found 
the pieces hard to recognize, although 
they appear well defined on the screen. 
This is due to the fact that Parker Bro- 
thers did not choose the classic chess 
pieces, examples of which appear in the 
chess problems frequenting some big- 
city Sunday papers. The queen and king 
are very similar, as well as bishops and 
pawns, and it takes a while to get ac- 
quainted with them, especially if you're 
used to the classic images. 

I really have to recommend this pro- 
gram, particularly if value is your cri- 
terion. 

CHESS 

by Larry Atkin 

ODESTA 

3186 Doolittle Drive 

Northbroolc, IL 60062 

48K Disk $69.95 

Since this was the most expensive 
program tested, it's not surprising that 
it was also the best. I can find no faults 
at all, except for the fact that no provi- 
sion is made to print the game out. It's 
not that I think this is necessary; it's just 
that the program has everything else, so 
why not? 

The screen is as I envision chess on 
a Macintosh. Using either the paddles 
or the keyboard, you move a flashing 
prompt over all the pieces which may 
move. When you choose a piece, the 
prompt moves to each of the squares that 
that piece may head for (an excellent 
teaching aid). 




Chess by Odesta. 

(continued on page 21} 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 19 



WE MN'I IWU 




IF WE Dll. 

IT wmmn k 

ALIITU,FOIEIGN 
IWISEATEI. 

II WIULD IE 
AT8KI 
tt-WHEUR WITH 





CVMITY. 



Meet Astra "Big D", the standard by 
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measured. A double-sided, single or 
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Mo bells, lights and whistles. Just a solid 
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carry the load. Twice the stor- 
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720 KBYTES, nearly three- 
quarters of a mil- 
lion characters of 
information. 

Astra "Big D" 
offers the 
advantages of 



two drives and true double-density in 
one low-priced unit. All Big D's are now 
supplied with the latest version of 
"T0PD05". This D.0.5. takes full advant- 
age of the Big D "QUAD" density 
capabilities. 

Any serious business application 
demands such a unit. Its improved 
circuitry, rotary doors and direct drive 
motors provide for a more reliable, 
quieter operation. 

Software programs such as word 
processing, data base management, 
spread sheet analysis and mailing lists 
are made more powerful, and, at the 
same time, easier to use if you have 
two disk drives. 

And it's compatible with Atari's new ^E 
Series as well as the original and inter- 
mediate computers, 400, 800, 600^L, 
800^;L and 1200^1. 

rind out more about Astra's "Big D" 
reliable performance and heavy load 
carrying capacity by contacting your 
nearest dealer or distributor. 
Call (714) 549-2141. 

^flSTRfl SVST6MS, INC. 

2500 South Eairview/Unit L 
Santa Ana, California 92704 




CIRCLE #109 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



p 



PANAK STRIKES! continued 



You want to change your mind? Just 
place the prompt over the chosen piece 
and hit RETURN. Now, move to make 
another choice. 

After you've cycled through all the 
moveable pieces, the prompt jumps over 
to the column of choices on the right of 
the screen. By selecting OPTION, you 
move along the menu, choosing to take 
back a move, change sides, increase the 
level, flip the board, or even ask for help 
— just that easily. 

You can access a disk menu to save 
games. As I mentioned before, this pro- 
gram leaves little out in terms of versa- 
tility. In fact, the only complaint I have 
is with the selection of paddles over joy- 
sticks as controls. It's not that I have any- 
thing against paddles, except that I don't 
have any. And I don't think too many 
others have them, either. 

As the computer searches in this ver- 
sion of Chess, the screen displays the 
current best move. By hitting RETURN, 
you can terminate the search, and the 
computer will make its move. In per- 
petual mode, you must stop it, unless 
you want to be responsible for a com- 
puter's nervous breakdown. 

The pieces are the easiest to recog- 
nize, since the classic chess pieces are 
used. The manual is complete and thor- 
ough in every way, describing the pro- 
gram, chess, its history and computer 
chess. 

So, if money is no object, and you 
want the ultimate chess game, Odesta's 
Chess is your selection. 

DIG DUG 

by Namco 

DATASOFT 

19808 Nordhoff Place 

Chatsworth, CA 91311 

48K Cassette or Disk $29.95 

The last few months, I've examined 
quite a few of the games in the Premier 
Arcade series from Datasoft. These have 
generally been excellent conversions 
from the arcade to the home, and my 
problem with most has been that I sim- 
ply didn't like the arcade game. This is 
how I feel about Dig Dug. 

Technically, the game's performance 
is nearly identical to its big brother who 
gobbles quarters, the only difference be- 
ing a slight loss in the graphic detail. 

In Dig Dug, you tunnel through the 
earth, in search of fruits and vegetables 
to gobble up. Joining you are Pooka (a 
big, round monster) and Fygar (a fire- 
breathing dragon). 

ANALOG COMPUTING 



Using your pump, you fire at your 
enemies, either once to stun or repeat- 
edly to blow them up. You can also drop 
rocks on these fiends, crushing them for 
additional credit. After you've dropped 
hvo boulders, a treat appears at the cen- 
ter of the screen, and you must attempt 
to reach it for the really big points. 




Dig Dug. 

That's about it, over and over again. 
You get an extra man at 10,000 points 
and at every 40,000 points thereafter. 



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making you able to go on indefinitely — 
if you can stand it. Difficulty increases 
with more monsters, and they can be- 
come ghosts which pass through the soil 
to get to you. 

My greatest complaint was the monot- 
ony. There was nothing new, nothing to 
look forward to. Another of the deadly 
video sins. 

I just finished testing Mr. Do a few 
weeks ago, and this was basically the 
same thing. However, while Mr. Do had 
some strategy involved, like when and 
where to burrow. Dig Dug seemed to re- 
quire no strategy whatsoever. Of course, 
if I'd Dig Duged before I Mr. Doed, I 
might have liked the former better than 
the latter; I just don't know. 

Both disk and cassette are included 
in the package, providing a backup for 
those with both devices. One or two 
may play, using joysticks, and there are 
ten difficulty levels. There's an elaborate 
scoring system detailed in the fine in- 
struction manual. 



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CIRCLE #110 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



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CIRCLE #111 ON READER SERVICE CARD 

OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 21 




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PANAK STRIKES! co^uinued 



CIRCLE #112 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Presentina The 

A nCEflu A 

ATARI Cartridge atari 

Atiable Coiputer Enhanceients (TH) 
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CIRCLE #113 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



MATH N««' 
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• 7 levels designed for self-learning, 
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• Fast real-time graphics via perfect 
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• Over 20,000 math problems with 
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(805) 544-8888 



So, though I can't recommend Dig 
Dug — on the basis of the game's monot- 
ony — I will say that Datasoft has done 
a fine job of bringing this game into the 
home. True Dig Dugers will enjoy hours 
of play. 

SPY HUNTER 

by Bally/Midway 

SEGA 

360 N. Sepulveda, Suite 3000 

El Segundo, CA 90245 

32K Disk $39.95 

James Bond and Maxwell Smart, look 
out! Spy Hunter is here, and he's hot on 
your tail. 

Spy Hunter is Saga's home version of 
the now-classic arcade game, and I can 
start by saying that the translation was 
nicely done. All the elements of the ar- 
cade version are present, along with 
most of the excitement. 

In Spy Hunter, you drive your custom 
car across the highways and byways, 
eliminating all who would oppose you 
and neutralizing a few innocent bystand- 
ers in the meantime. 




CIRCLE #114 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Spy Hunter. 



After booting the disk and choosing 
expert or novice level and keyboard or 
joystick control, you navigate your car 
along the road, encountering various 
enemy agents. The Road Lord is bullet- 
proof and must be rammed off the road. 
The Enforcer blasts at your side with a 
shotgun, and Switch Blade extends his 
buzz-saw hubcaps to slash your tires, 
sending you spinning off the road to be- 
come flaming wreckage. 

When you hear the Spy Hunter theme, 
that means the weapons van is nearing. 
By carefully driving your car- up and into 
tlie van, you acquire additional weapons 
(missiles, oil slick or smoke screen), to 
increase your invulnerability. 

By going through the boathouse, your 
car is converted into a spy speedboat. 
You then navigate the waterways, bat- 



tling against Dr. Torpedo and the Bar- 
rel Dumper. Hitting another boathouse 
lands you back on the road again. 

The graphics are good, although not 
nearly as detailed as those in the arcade 
version. The big problem I had was with 
control . 

In the arcade, you have a steering 
wheel, which I always find easier when 
a video game involves driving. Howev- 
er, this is impossible to produce for the 
home at any reasonable price. The solu- 
tion: keyboard or joystick control. 

The keyboard is very difficult to use, 
even though the keys are close together. 
If you choose the joystick control, you'll 
need two joysticks, which are secured 
in a plastic holder provided with the 
game. One stick is used to control move- 
ment, while only the button on the sec- 
ond stick is used, to launch rear-firing 
weapons. Still, the movement control 
seems crude, resulting in a constant 
lAfeaving all over the road — and occa- 
sional slamming into trees. 

The manual is complete, describing 
the game in detail and offering hints on 
play. You can continue perpetually, as 
you receive an extra cai' at 10,000 points 
and every 20,000 points thereafter, but 
the problem is that the game is difficult. 
Rarely did we break 40,000. 

Still, once again, there wasn't enough. 
Not enough track, not enough variety. 
After only a few hours' play, you've done 
all you can do, and the only challenge 
is to get a higher score. 

Without the thrill of having a quarter 
at stake, the excitement of Spy Hunter 
just doesn't hit home, and I can't recom- 
mend this game. 

Now that I'm through raving for this 
month, I'll power down and eat a cou- 
ple aspirin to try to reduce the swelling 
in my brain a little. D 

Programs provided through the cour- 
tesy of Magic One Computer Shop, 176 
Second Street, Barberton, Ohio, (216) 
753-0431, 

Steve Panok is a banking computer 
operator and free-lance writer living in 
northeastern Ohio. He holds a B. S. in 
B.A. and currently attends law school, 
where he develops software to teach 
complex legal concepts. In his spare 
time, he enjoys computer games. 



PAGE 22 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



16K Cassette or 
24K Disk 



GAME 



^^ 






AMD 






M 




by Greg Peck 



Hide and Seek is a nonviolent game that tests your 
visual skills against the clock. Your goal is to Rnd, 
within the 30x10 pattern at the top of the screen, the 
4x4 pattern displayed on the lower half of the screen. 

Once the pattern is found, another pattern is 
drawn, and you go at it again. To make things in- 
teresting, you have to find the right pattern before 
you run out of time. Points are awai'ded based on how 
fast you find the patterns and how many you find. 

Playing Hide and Seek. 

To play the game, begin by selecting the level of 
play, using joystick movement. Press the button when 
the desired level is displayed (start with level 1]. A 
random pattern is then selected and displayed on the 
screen. Move the cursor around the large grid and 
find the hidden pattern with the joystick. Press the 
joystick button to lock your cursor in position over 
the hidden pattern and push forward on the joystick 
to check for a match. 



The amount of time it took you to find the pattern 
is displayed with the score when the pattern is found. 
A low tone will signify a mismatch and send you back 
looking for the correct match. 

If you run out of time, you'll be shown the hidden 
pattern with a flashing cursor. The darker the screen 
gets and the louder the sound gets, the less time you 
have left. As a final warning, the border of the large 
grid turns white, indicating just less than 10 seconds 
remain. 

Time allowed to find the hidden pattern decreases 
as you play Hide and Seek. You have just under a 
minute on screens 1 through 5 and less than 10 se- 
conds on screen 18 and any remaining screens in lev- 
el 1. More difficult levels allow more time to make 
the match. 

Points are figured by taking the screen number 
times 100, subtracting the number of seconds it took 
to find the pattern, then multiplying by the level of 
play. There are no points awarded or taken away for 
failing to find a pattern. The game ends, however. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 23 



^^ 



Hide and Seek continued 



when you fail to find three patterns. Press the joystick 
button to play again. 

There are six levels of difficulty to choose from. 
Levels 1 through 3 use a simpler large grid than do 
4 through 6. The first and fourth levels play the same, 
as do the second and fifth, and the third and sixth. 
The easiest is level 1, in which the small 4x4 pat- 
tern appears just as it does in the large grid above. 
Level 4 is the same, with a harder large pattern. 

In level 2, the small pattern may be displayed right 
side up or inverted. You can flip the small pattern 
over by pressing the joystick button and pulling back 
on the joystick. Level 5 does the same, with a hard- 
er large pattern. 

The small grid in level 3 may be rotated clockwise 
0, 90, 180 or 270 degrees. To rotate the small pat- 
tern, press the joystick button and pull back on the 
stick. Level 6 plays the same, with the harder large 
pattern. On levels 2, 3, 5 and 6, the small pattern 
must be displayed right side up in order to get a 
match. 




Hide and Seek. 

On a few occasions, you may find a pattern that 
matches the small pattern but is not the same one 
that was identified by the computer. The computer 



Some program listings 


reproduced in ANALOG Computing may 


contain "sti 


■ange" characters not shown 


on the keyboards of ear 


lier Atari models. These are special characters which use the CTRL 


, ESC and 'ATARI 


LOGO" (inverse) keys. 


Shown below is a list of these characters and the keystrokes used to 


get them. 


If 





CTRL , 












■ 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


H 


1- 





CTRL A 


L 


-~~— 


CTRL Z 






■ 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


N 


i 





CTRL B 


t 


— 


ESC E5C 






1 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 





J 





CTRL C 


+ 


— 


ESC CTRL 


UP-ARROM 


E 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


P 


•i 





CTRL D 


* 


— 


ESC CTRL 


DOHN-ARROM 


r 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


Q 


1 





CTRL E 


*• 


— 


ESC CTRL 


LEFT-ARROM 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


R 


/ 





CTRL F 


4 


— 


ESC CTRL 


RIGHT-ARROM 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


S 


\ 





CTRL G 


« 


— 


CTRL . 






n 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


T 


i 





CTRL H 


« 


— 


CTRL ; 








— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


U 


I 





CTRL I 


K 


— 


ESC SHIFT CLEftR 


1 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


U 


k 





CTRL J 


i 


— 


ESC BACK 


S 




■I 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


H 


I 





CTRL K 


► 


— 


ESC TAB 






■I 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


X 


■ 





CTRL L 


c 


— 


INVERSE 


CTRL 


f 


1 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


V 


— 





CTRL N 


i: 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


A 


i: 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


z 







CTRL N 


1 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


B 


D 


— 


ESC DELETE 




■ 





CTRL 


'J 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


C 


□ 


— 


ESC INSERT 




* 





CTRL P 


:i 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


D 


a 


— 


ESC CTRL TAB 


CCLRJ 


r 





CTRL 


n 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


E 


B 


— 


ESC SHIFT TAB CSETJ 







CTRL R 


rjt 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


F 


■ 


— 


INUERSE 


SPACE 


+ 





CTRL 5 


1^ 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


G 


■ 


— 


INUERSE 






• 





CTRL T 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


H 


a 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 




m 





CTRL U 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


I 


a 


— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


. 


1 





CTRL U 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


J 


II 


— 


INUERSE 


1 




T 





CTRL M 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


K 


Q 


— 


ESC CTRL 


2 




X 





CTRL K 




— 


INUERSE 


CTRL 


L 


a 


— 


ESC CTRL 


BACK 


: s 


1 




CTRL Y 












u 


——— 


ESC CTRL 


INSERT 



PAGE 24 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



fills the large grid randomly and then selects a small 
pattern to be found. It doesn't check to see if that 
same pattern lies elsewhere. 

If you do find one of these matches, the screen will 
flash, you'll be shown the match that the computer 
had selected, and you'll receive 1000 bonus points. 
The chances of this happening are much greater in 
levels 1 through 3 than in the harder levels. 

The game can be played for most points or most 
screens [only high score is maintained). The levels 
can be used for handicapping between different 
players. 

Pause the game during play by pressing any key 
on the computer keyboard. Press the joystick button 
to continue. 

PUSH FORWARD — checks for match 

STICK T 

MOVES ^►PRESS button — locks cursor (checks stick) 

CURSOR J 

PULL BACK — changes small pattern 
Figure 1 — Controls. 

Program breakdown. 

The program for Hide and Seek consists of eight 
main parts. Several machine language routines were 
used to speed things up, including Tom Hudson's 
Moving Players in BASIC (ANALOG Computing is- 
sue 10). 

Lines Function 

110-310 String manipulation. 

320-600 Main loop. 

610-670 Read stick. 

680-800 Check for match. 

810-880 Show match. 

890-950 End game. 

960-1210 Initiahze. 

1220-1330 Title page. 

The program disables the BREAK key, then initial- 
izes player/missile graphics, custom display, custom 
character set, stick array and machine language rou- 
tines. Next, it displays the title page. Play begins by 
randomly selecting the large and small patterns, dis- 
playing game information and placing a cursor in the 
center of the large pattern. 

Stick input moves the cursor mitil the button is 
pressed, at which time the appropriate action is taken 
(changing small pattern or checking for a match) . Af- 
ter a match is made. Hide and Seek continues with 
another screen until three cursors are lost. The game 
then ends and allows selection of a level for the next 
game. D 



Greg Peck is in his ninth year as a drafting instruc- 
tor in Mexico, Missouri. He's a co-founder of the Mid- 
Missouri Atari User's Group (M.A.U.G.] and is now 
serving as its president. Hide and Seek is his sec- 
ond puhhshed program. 

Listing 1. 
BASIC listing. 

10 REH + + 

20 REM + HIDE AND SEEK + 
38 REM + BY + 

48 REM + GREG PECK + 

58 REM + * 

68 REM + COPYRIGHT CCJ 1985 ♦ 
78 REM + ANALOG COMPUTING * 

88 REM + + 

90 REM 

180 GOTO 960 

110 FOR I=N1 TO N15:T=ADR(FILL2$) :IF L 

EV>N3 THEN T=ADRtFILL$) 

120 D=U5R(T.ADRfA:$)) 

130 T=INTCRHDCNe)»N5e): SOUND N8,T,N14, 

HIO : D=N8 : T=PEEK CN53770> : C=INT CT/N161*N 

16+N6 ! C2=C+N36 : C3=C*24 

140 IF C2>N255 THEN C2=C2-N256 

150 IF C3>N255 THEN C3=C3-N256 

160 POKE N708,C:P0KE N789,C2:P0KE N7ie 

,C-N4:P0KE N704,C3:P0KE N7e5,C3:SCR=PE 

EK CN88} +PEEK CN89) «N25e 

170 T=INT(RNDCN0)«N50): SOUND Ne,T,N14, 

Nie : D=USR CADR CMSTRSJ , ADR CAS) , SCR+N45) : 

NEXT I 

180 SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO {RETURN 

190 T1=INT CRND (Ne}»26) +N1 : T2=INT CRND CN 

0)«N6) +N1 : T=T1+T2»N38 : »WTCH=T 

280 FOR I=N1 TO N4 :G$ CI»N4-N3,I«N4J=AS 

CT5:T=T+N30:NEXT I 

210 IF LEV=N2 OR LEV=N5 THEN ON INT (RN 

DCN0)«N2+N1] GOTO 238,250 

220 IF LEU=N3 OR LEU=N6 THEN ON INT CRN 

DCN0)KN4HhNl} GOTO 238,270,280,290 

230 FOR I=N1 TO N4: POSITION N18,N13+I: 

? ttN6;G$CI«N4-N3,IKN4}: SOUND Ne,I+I,Nl 

0,N8:NEXT I:SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO 

240 RETURN 

250 FOR I=N1 TO N4: POSITION N18,N13+I: 

? ttN6;G$CCN5-I)NN4~N3, CN5-I)«N4} : SOUND 

N0,I+I,Nie,N8 
260 62S CI»N4-N3 , 1»N4) =G$ C CN5-I)KN4-N3J 
:NEXT I: SOUND Ne,N0,N0,N0:G$=G2S:RETUR 

270 FOR I=N1 TO N16:62SCI,IJ=G$CN17-II 

:NEXT I: GOTO 380 

280 FOR I=N1 TO N4:F0R D=N1 TO N4:G2$C 

I«N4-N4+D , I«N4-N4+D) =G$ CD«N4«N1-I) : NEX 

T D:NEXT I: GOTO 380 

290 D=USR CADR CROTS) , ADR CG$) , ADR CG2S) ) 

300 FOR I=:N1 TO N4: POSITION N18,N13+I: 

? tlN6;G2SCI«N4-N3,I«N4) : SOUND Ne,I«I,N 

10 N8:NEXT I 

310 SOUND N0,N0,N8,N8:G$=G2$:RETURN 

320 GOSUB 118:G0SUB 198: POKE N656,Ne:P 

OKE N657,N8:? "score ti»e Ivl/scr" 

338 POKE N656,N2:P0KE N657,N0:? "high 

score cursors": POKE N656,N2:P0KE N65 

7,N3:? "4":BSC0RE 

340 IF TRYS=N3 THEN POKE N656,N2:P0KE 

N657,Ni8:? "* eee" 

358 CNT=CNT+Nl:POKE N656,N1:P0KE N657, 

N14:? LEU;" ":CNT:POKE H712,12:IF CN 

T>N5 THEN POKE N712,Nie 

360 IF CNT>N8 THEN POKE N712,N8 

370 IF CNT>N11 THEN POKE N712,Ne 

388 IF CNT>N14 THEN POKE N712,N4 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 25 



^^ 



Hide and Seek 



continued 



398 IF CNT>N17 THEN POKE N712,N2 

400 IF CNT>N11 AND LEU=N3 THEN POKE N7 

12, N6 

410 IF CNT>N11 AND LEV=N6 THEN POKE N7 

12, N7 

420 IF CNT>N14 AND LEV=N2 THEN POKE N7 

12, N4 

430 IF CNT>N14 AND LEV=N5 THEN POKE N7 

12, N5 

440 IF CNT>N17 AND LEV=N1 THEN POKE N7 

12, N2 

450 IF CNT>N17 AND LEU=N4 THEN POKE N7 

12, N3 

460 POKE 77, NO: POKE N19,N0:P0KE N20,N0 

:T2=N0:Z=N0:P0KE N764,Ne 

470 T-PEEKCN19J :IF T>T2 THEN POKE N712 

,PEEKtN712)-Nl:T2=T:IF PEEKtN712}<N3 T 

HEN POKE N710,N14 

480 IF NOT PEEKtN712) THEN 818 

490 X3K+KADD CSTICK f HOJ J : Y=Y+VADD C5TICK 

(NO)) :Tl=PEEK(N5377e) :SOUND Ne,Tl,N14, 

T : D=USR (PM, NO , PMB , PLR , K , Y , N20) 

500 IF NOT STRIGCNO) THEN SOUND NO, NO 

,Ne,Ne:G05UB 618 

518 IF PEEK(N764) THEN 580 

520 IF PEEK (53252) <>N7 THEN 470 

530 POKE 53278, Nl: IF X<N64 THEN X=N64 

540 IF X>168 THEN X=168 

558 IF Y<N18 THEN Y=N18 

568 IF V>42 THEN Y=42 

578 GOTO 470 

580 T=PEEK(N19) :Tl=PEEK(N2e) :POKE N708 

,N8:P0KE N709,N0:50UND NO, NO, HO, NO 

590 IF STRIG(Ne) THEN 590 

600 POKE N19,T:P0KE N20,T2:P0KE N708,C 

:P0KE N789,C2:P0KE N764,N0:G0T0 470 

610 SOUND N0,N10e,N18,N8:IF STICK(N8)= 

N14 THEN 688 

628 IF STICK (N8)=:N13 AND (LEU=N2 OR LE 

V=N5) THEN SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO: GOTO 250 

630 IF STICK (NO) =N13 AND (LEV=N3 OR LE 

V=N6) THEN SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO : GOTO 290 

640 T=PEEK(N19) :IF T>T2 THEN POKE N712 

,PEEK(N712)-Nl:T2=T:IF PEEK(N712)<N3 T 

HEN POKE N710,N14 

650 IF NOT PEEK(N712) THEN 810 

660 IF STRIG(Ne) THEN RETURN 

670 GOTO 610 

688 T1=INT (X/N4) -N15 : P=INT ( (V-N18) /N4) 

: p=p#N38'<'Tl : Z—P 

698 TRAP 628: FOR I=N1 TO N4:IF G$(IttN4 

-N3,I»N4)<>AS(Z,Z+N3) THEN 748 

780 Z=Z+N30:NEXT I: IF P=MATCH THEN 750 

710 FOR I=N1 TO N10:S0UND N0,N50,N10,N 

8:P0KE N712,32:F0R D=N1 TO N15:NEXT D 

720 SOUND Ne,N200,Nie,N8:P0KE N712,N14 

:FOR D=N1 TO N15:NEXT D:NEXT I 

738 TSC0RE=TSC0RE+1000: SOUND He,N8,N8, 

NO: POKE N712,N4:Z=-Nl:G0T0 810 

740 SOUND N0,250,N10,N10:F0R I=N1 TO N 

288: NEXT I: SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO: RETURN 

750 SOUND NO,N50,H10,N10:T=PEEK(N19)«N 

256+PEEK(N20) :HIN=INT (T/N3600) :SEC=INT 

( (T-MIN«N36eO) /N6e) 

760 TEN=INT((T-MIN«N3600-SEC«N60)/N6) : 

SC0RE=CNT«N100-SEC : 5C0RE=SC0RE»LEV 

770 POKE N656,N1:P0KE N6S7,N7:? SEC;". 

II ■ TFH " " " 

780 T5C0RE=TSC0RE+SC0RE:P0KE N656,N1:P 

OKE N657,N0:? TSCORE: SOUND NO, NO, NO, NO 

790 IF TSCORE>BSCORE THEN B5C0RE=T5C0R 

E:POKE N65e,N2:P0KE Ne57,N3:? "4";BSC0 

RE 

800 D=USR (PH, NO , PMB , PLR , Nl , Nl , N28} : POP 

:GOTO 328 
8X0 r2=INT(HATCH/N30) : T1=MATCH-T2»N30 : 
Tl=TUtN4*N68 : T2=T2»H4+N18 : D=USR (PM, N8, 
PMB.PLR.T1.T2.N28] 



820 SOUND N0,175,N18,N8:F0R I=N1 TO N2 

0:POKE N704,N8:F8R D=N1 T8 N18:NEXT D: 

POKE N704,C3:F0R D=N1 TO N10:NEXT D 

830 NEXT I: SOUND NO,NO,NO,Ne:D=USR (PM, 

Ne,Plffi,PLR,Nl,Nl,N20) :POKE N784,C3 

840 IF Z=-N1 THEN 750 

858 TRYS=TRYS-Nl:IF TRVS=N2 THEN POKE 

N656,N2:P0KE N657,N15:? "4 CQ" 

868 IF TRYS=N1 THEN PeKE N656,N2:P0KE 

N657 N15:^ "4 G " 

870 IF TRYS=HO THEN POP :GOTO 890 

880 POKE N656,N1:P0KE N657,N7:? " 

■■:GOTO 320 

898 SOUND Ne, 125, N10,Nie: POKE Ne56,N2: 

POKE Ne57,N15:? "4 ":FOR D=N1 TO N 

6:NEXT D:SOUND Ne,NO,NO,NO:LEV=Nl 

980 IF STRIG(Ne) THEN 900 

910 POKE N656,N2:P0KE N657,N0:? " 

••:POKE N656,N2:? " 5EL 
ECT LEVEL - ■':LEU=N1 
920 POKE N656,N2:? "4 PRESS BUTTON 

":IF NOT STRIG(NO} THEN 920 
930 POKE Ne56,N2:P0KE N657,N17:? LEU:I 
F STICK (NO) <>N15 THEN LEV=LEU+N1 : IF LE 
U3N7 THEN LEU=N1 
940 POKE N65e,N2:? "4 PRESS BUTTON 

":IF STRIG(NO) THEN 930 
950 ? ■'•«•' :CNT=H0:TRYS=N3:TSC0RE=N0: GOT 
320 

960 READ N1,N3,N4,N6,N2,N5,N8,N18,N11, 
N14,N15,N16 

978 READ N17, N18,N19,N28,N58, NOO, N64, N 
88,N89 

988 READ N7,N13,N3e,N36,N35,N45 
998 READ N180,N106,N200,N254, N255,N256 
,N308 

1888 READ N656, N657,N784 ,N785, N788,N70 
9 , N710 , N712 , N764 , N53770 , N3600 
1010 POKE N10e,PEEK(Nie6)-9:GRAPHICS N 
0:T=PEEK(N16)-128:IF T>N8 THEN POKE Nl 
6,T:P0KE 53774, T 

1020 DIM PMS (NIOQ) , MOUS (54) , MSTRS (NIOO 
) , PLRS (N36) , FILLS (N60) , FILL^S (N68) , AS ( 
N388} , GS (N16) , G2S (N16) , ROTS (58) 
1830 G2S=" ":PLR=ADR(PL 

RS):P0KE 752, Nl: poke N712,N4:P0KE N710 
, N4 : DLIST=PEEK (560) +PEEK (561)«N25e 
1840 POKE DLIST4N3,68:F0R I=N8 18 N18 : 
PeKE DLIST+Ne+I,N4:NEXT I:PeKE 783, N4: 
P8KE 659 Nl 

1850 FOr'i=NO to N3:P0KE DLIST+25+I,N6 
:NEXT I: POKE 82,N0:PM=ADR(PMS) :? " RE 
ADING DATA" 

1860 POKE N708.22:F8R I=H1 18 N188:REA 
D J:PM$(I)=CHRS(J):NEXT I 
1878 POKE N708,56:F0R I=N1 TO 54: READ 
J : MOUS (I) =CHRS (J) : NEXT I 
1088 P0KE^N708,Ne4:F8R I=N1 TO N100:RE 
AD J:MSTRS(I)=CHRS(J) :NEXT I 
1898 POKE N7e8.78:F0R I=:N1 TO 58: READ 

j:fillS(I)=chrs(J):next i 

1180 POKE N708,146:F0R I=N1 TO 57:READ 

J:FILL2S(I)=CHRS(J):NEXT I 
1110 POKE N708.158:F0R I=N1 TO 58: READ 

J : ROTS (I) =CHRS (J) : NEXT I 
1120 POKE 11708,178: FOR I=N1 TO N28:REA 
D J : PLRS (I) =CHRS (J) : NEXT I : PMB=PEEK (Nl 
86) tNl : POKE 54279 , PMB : PMB=PMB»N256 
1130 DIM XADD(N15),YADD(N15) :FOR I=N5 
TO N15:READ T :XADD(I)=T:NEXT I 
1148 FOR I=H5 TO N15:READ T:YADD(I)=T: 
NEXT I: POKE N708,198 

1150 POKE 559,4e:P0KE 53277, N3 :POKE 53 
256,N3:P0KE 53257, N3:P0KE N704,N4:P0KE 

N705,N4:P0KE 623,N1 :X=112 : Y=N3e 
1160 D=USR (PM, Nl , PMB . PLR . 116 - 78 , N20) 



PAGE 26 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG CO^AP\JT\NG 



1170 CHR5ET=PEEK CNie6) +NS : D=USR C ADR CMO 
V$) ,57344, CHR5ET«N25e, 1024} :POKE 756, C 
HRSET : L0C=CHR5ET»ll256+776 
1180 FOR I=NO TO N7:P0KE L0C+I,85:NE}(T 

I: FDR I=N8 TO N15:P0KE LOC+I, 170: NEXT 

I 
1190 FOR I=Nie TO 23: POKE L0C+I,N255:N 
EHT I 

1200 L0C=CHR5ET«N256+N256:P0KE L0C,N25 
4: FOR I=N1 TO N6:P0KE L0C+I,198:NEMT I 
:POKE L0C+N7,N254: COLOR 99 
1210 PLOT N4,N0:DRAHT0 N35,N0:DRAHT0 N 
35,Nll:DRAHT0 N4,N11:DRAHT0 N4,Ne:A$=" 

0" : aI CN3oe) ="0" : a$ cn2) =a$ 

1220 ? "l|":G05UB 110:AS="ababbbbbbbbbb 

bbbbbaaabbbbbbbbbababbbbbbbbabbbbbbabb 

bbbbbbbbb" 

1230 A$ (61) ="aaaaaabbbbaaabbbbbaaaaaab 

bbbbbabababbbbbababbbbbbbaabbbbbbbb" 

1240 AS C121) ="abababaabbbbbaababaaaaab 
aaabbbbbbaaaababbbbaaaabbbbaaaabbbbb" 
1250 A$ C181) ="bbbbbbabaaaababaabbbbbbb 
aabababbbbbbaababbbbbbbaabbbbbaaaaab" 
1260 A$ (241) ="bbbbbbbbbaabbbbbbababbbb 
bbbaabbbbbbbbbbaaabbbbbaabbbbbbbbaba": 
5CR=PEEK (N88) +PEEK (N89)»N256 
1270 D=U5R (ADR (H5TR$] , ADR (A$) , 5CR+N45) 
:GOSUB 190: POKE N656,N0:P0KE N657,Ne:? 
" hide and seek" 
1280 POKE Ne56,N2:? " BY GREG PECK 

":FOR D=N1 TO N3e8:NEXT D 
1290 POKE N656,N2:? " 5ELECT LEVEL -" 
:LEV=N1 

1300 POKE N656,N2:P0KE N657,N17:? LEV: 
FOR D=N1 TO N5:NEXT D 

1310 IF STICK (MO) <>M15 THEM LEV=LEV+M1 
:IF LEV=M7 THEM LEV=N1 r^^.,^,=^ ™™™. 
1320 POKE M656,N2:? "4 IddMifi liUUId:! 

":IF 5TRIG(M0] THEN 1300 
1330 ? "H":TRV5=M3:G0T0 320 
1340 REM CONSTANTS 

1350 DATA 1,3,4,6,2,5,8,10,11,14,15 
1360 DATA 16,17,18,19,20,50,60,64,88 
1370 DATA 89,7,13,30,36,35,45,100 
1380 DATA 106,200,254,255,256,300 
1390 DATA 656,657,704,705,708,709,710 
1400 DATA 712,764,53770,3680 
1410 REM PH$ 

1420 DATA 216,104,104,104,133,213,104, 
24,105,2,133,206,104,133,205 
1430 DATA 104,133,204,104,133,203,104, 
104 , 133 , 208 , 104 , 104 , 133 , 209 , 104 
1440 DATA 104,24,101,209,133,207,166,2 
13,240,16,165,205,24,105,128 
1450 DATA 133,205,165,206,105,0,133,20 
6,202,208,240,160,0,162,0 
1460 DATA 196,209,144,19,196,207,176,1 
5,132,212,138,168,177,203,164,212 
1470 DATA 145,205,232,169,0,240,4,169, 
0,145,205,200,192,128,208,224,166 
1480 DATA 213,165,208,157,0,208,96 
1490 REM MOV$ 

1500 DATA 104,104,133,205,104,133,204, 
104,133,207,104,133,206,104,133 
1510 DATA 209,104,133,208,166,289,240, 
16,160,0,177,204,145,206,136,208 
1520 DATA 249,230,205,230,207,202,208, 
242,164,208,136,192,255,240,7,177 
1538 DATA 204.145,206,24,144,244,96 
1540 REM MSTRS 

1550 DATA 104,104,133,205,104,133,204, 
104 , 133 , 207 , 104 , 133 , 206 , 169 , 60 
1560 DATA 133,208,162,0,160,0,177,204, 
145,206,200,196,208,240,27 
1570 DATA 232,224,30,240,3,24,144,239, 
216 , 165 , 206 , 24 , 105 , 10 , 133 
1580 DATA 206,165,207,105,0,133,207,16 
2,0,24,144,220,192,240,240 



1590 DATA 37,165,204,24,105,60,133,204 

,165,205,105,0,133,205,169 

1600 DATA 240,133,208,160,0,165,206,24 

,105,70,133,206,165,207,105,0,133 

1610 DATA 207,162,0,24,144,179,96,0 

1620 REM FILL? 

1630 DATA 104,104,133,204,104,133,203, 

160,255,173,10,210,41,1,240 

1640 DATA 5,169,98,24,144,2,169,97,200 

,145,203,192,255,208,235,166,204 

1650 DATA 232,134,204,173,10,210,41,1, 

240,5,169,98,24,144,2,169,97,200 

1660 DATA 145,203,192,44,208,235,96,0 

1670 REM FILL2$ 

1680 DATA 104,104,133,204,104,133,203, 

160,255,173,10,210,41,3,240 

1690 DATA 5,169,98,24,144,2,169,97,200 

, 145 , 203 , 192 , 255 , 208 , 235 , 166 , 204 

1700 DATA 232,134,204,173,10,210,41,3, 

240,5,169,98,24,144,2,169,97,200 

1710 DATA 145,203,192,44,208,235,96 

1720 REM ROTS 

1730 DATA 104,104,133,204,104,133,283, 

104,133,206,104,133,205,169,12,133 

1740 DATA 207,169,255,133,208,162,12,2 

16,165,207,168,177,203,230,208,164 

1750 DATA 208,145,205,138,201,4,48,6,2 

33,4,170,24,144,236,230,207,166,207 

1760 DATA 224,16,240,3,24,144,223,96 

1770 REM PLR$ 

1780 DATA 252,252,132,132,132,132,132, 

132,132,132,132,132,132,132,132 

1790 DATA 132,132,132,252,252 

1800 REM STICK DATA 

1810 DATA 4,4,4,0,-4,-4,-4,0,0,0,0 

1820 DATA 4,-4,0,0,4,-4,0,0,4,-4,0 



CHECKSUM DATA. 

(see page 18] 

10 DATA 954,212,599,139,962,508,751,96 

8,267,717,960,589,949,733,741,10049 

160 DATA 119,616,977,529,887,762,455,2 

69,595,986,651,576,669,798,45,8934 

310 DATA 910,95,699,236,296,190,75,81, 

07,663,674,672,683,681,692,6734 

460 DATA 744,620,977,49,108,233,978,96 

1,0,60,780,739,352,423,332,7372 

610 DATA 282,716,735,623,972,866,727,6 

55,283,926,293,826,546,445,761,9656 

760 DATA 667,100,169,438,361,150,774,9 

3,856,630,997,597,736,561,407,7544 

910 DATA 733,416,853,839,143,192,275,8 

8,274,847,383,315,411,256,837,6862 

1060 DATA 913,677,332,958,975,930,732, 

545,455,216,403,671,818,789,138,9552 

1210 DATA 228,589,124,358,388,912,625, 

776 , 662 , 362 , 875 , 397 , 550 , 711 , 716 , 8273 

1360 DATA 953,704,653,285,367,715,823, 

133 , 872 , 544 , 315 , 254 , 912 , , 152 , 7682 

1510 DATA 451,317,765,098,979,862,611, 

845,851,245,758,835,621,499,470,10007 

1660 DATA 246,73,630,504,472,794,10,47 

2 , 562 , 721 , 952 , , 142 , 151 , 881 , 6610 

1810 DATA 833,846,1679 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 27 



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B-Graph(D) $47 

HomePak(D) $33 

Paperclip (D) Call 

BIG FIVE 

Bounty Bob(R) $29 

Miner 2049'er(R) $9 

BRODERBUND 

Arcade Machine (D) . . .$39 

Bank St. Writer (D) . . , . $33 

Championship 

Loderunner (D) Call 

Karateka(D) Call 

Loderunner (D) $23 

Mask of Sun (D) $25 

Operation 

Whirlwind (D) $25 

Print Shop (D) $29 

Print Shop Graphics 

Library #1 (D) $17 

Print Shop Graphics 

Library #2 (D).- $17 

PS Paper Refill $14 

Serpent's Slar(D) $25 

Stealth (D) $19 

Whistler's 

Brother(D) $19 

CBS 

Addition;Subt,(D) $16 

Astro Grover(R) $19 

Big Bird's 

Funhouse(R) $19 



Decimals: Add/Subt.(D). $16 
Decimals: Mult./Div.(D) .$16 
Dr. Seuss Puzzler (D) . .$19 
Fractions: Add/Subt.(D) $16 
Fractions: Mult./Div.(D) .$16 
Linear Equations (D) ..$16 

Match Wits (D) $19 

Mult. /Division (D) $16 

Quadratic 

Equations (D) $16 

Sesame St. Letter 

Go Round (R) $19 

Webster Word 

Game(D) $19 

CONTINENTAL 

Book of Adv. Games ..$14 

Home Accountant(D) . .$44 

DATAMOST 

Aztec Challenge(D) . . .$16 

My Chess 11(D) $19 

DATASOFT 

Alternate Reality (D). . .$26 

Bruce Lee(D) $19 

Conan Barbarian (D) ... $19 

Dallas Quest (D) $19 

Elevator Action (D) . . . .$19 
Letter Wizard w/Spell 

Checker (D) Call 

Mr. Do(D) $19 

Pac Man(D) $17 

Pole Position 2(D). . . .Call 

TheGoonies $19 

Zorro(D) $19 

ELECTRONIC ARTS 

Archon(D) $17 

Archon 11(D) $23 

Cut& Paste (D) $19 

Financial 

Cookbook (D) $29 

Hard Hat Mack(D) ... .$17 
Murder on the 

Zinderneuf (D) $19 

Music Construction 

Set(D) $17 

One-on-One(D) $25 

Pinball Construction 

Set(D) $17 

Realm of 

Impossibility (D) . . , .$17 
Seven Cities of 

Gold(D) $25 

EPYX 

Ballblazer(D) $25 

Dragonriders Pern (D) .$19 
Gateway Apshai (R) ... $19 

Jumpman (D) $16 

Jumpman Jr. (R) $16 

Koronis Rift(D) $26 

Pitslop(R) $19 

Puzzle Panic(D) $19 

Rescue on 

Fractalus (D) $25 

Summer Games (D) ...$25 
Summer Games II (D) . . Call 
Temple Apshai (D) ... .$19 

The Eidolon (D) $26 

■ Buy 2 Epyx 

titles & receive 

Jumpman Jr free 
FIRST STAR 
Spy vs. Spy (D) $19 



FUTUREHOUSE 

Light Pen w/ 

Peripheral \/ision(D) . .$39 
GAMESTAR 

Baseball (D) $19 

Football (D) $19 

HAYDEN 

Sargon 11(D) $16 

Sargon 111 (D) $33 

HBJ 

Computer SAT (D) . . . .$49 

INFOCOM 

Cut Throats (D) $23 

Deadline (D) $29 

Enchanter (D) $23 

Infidel (D) $26 

Hitchhiker's Guide 

to the Galaxy (D). . . .$23 

Planetfall(D) $23 

Seastalker(D) $23 

Sorcerer (D) $26 

Starcross(D) $29 

Suspect (D) $29 

Suspended (D) $29 

Wishbringer(D) $23 

Witness (D) $23 

Zorkl(D) $23 

Zork II or 111(D) $26 

KOALA 

Light Pen(D) $59 

Spider Eater (D) $9 

Touch Tablet 

w/Painter(D) , , . .$29.95 

Coloring Series (D) $9 

LJK 

Data Perfect (D) $39 

Letter Perfect (D) $39 

Spell Perfect (D) $29 

LEARNING COMPANY 
Bumble Games (D) . . . .$25 
Colorasaurus (D) . ...$19 

MagicSpells(D) $23 

Reader Rabbit (D) $23 

Word Spinner (D) $23 

MISC. 

Fancy Writer (D) $23 

Microleague 

Baseball (D) $26 

Omnitrend tjniverse ..Call 
Personal 

AccountanI (D) $25 

MICROPROSE 
Aero Jet: Advanced 

Flight Simulalor(D) . .Call 

Air Rescue 1 (D) $21 

Crusade in Europe(D). .$26 
Decision in Desert(D). .$26 
F-15Strike Eagle (D). . .$23 
Gun Ship: 

The Helicopter 

Simulation (D) Call 

Kennedy Approach (D) .$23 

Mig Alley Ace (D) $23 

Nato Commander(D) ..$23 
Silent Service: 

The Submarine 

Simulation (D) Call 

Solo Flight (D) $21 



MINDSCAPE 

Bank St. Music 
Writer (D). . . . 



$26 



Crossword Magic(D) . $33 
Halley Project — 

A Mission in Our 

Solar System (D). . . $26 
Tink's Adventure (D). . .$19 
Tink'sSubt. Fair(D) . . .$19 
Tonk in the Land of 

Buddy-Bots(D) $19 

Tuk Goes to Town (D) ..$19 

MUSE 

Beyond Castle 

Wolfenstein(D) $23 

Castle 

Wolfenstein(D) $19 

OSS 

Action (R) $49 

Action Tool Kit(D) . . . . $21 

Basic XE(R) $49 

Basic XL(R) $39 

Basic XL Tool 

Kit(D) $21 

DOS XL (D) $21 

MAC 65 (R) $49 

MAC 65 Tool Kit(D) . . . $21 
Writer's Tool ml 

Spell Checker(R) . . .$44 
ORIGIN 

Ultimalll(D) $39 

PROFESSIONAL 

SOFTWARE 

Fleet System 2(D) . . . .$49 

Trivia Fever (D) $21 

SCARBOROUGH 

Mastertype(D) $21 

Net Worth (D) $44 

SIERRA ON LINE 

Homeword(D) $33 

Ultimal(D) $23 

Ultima 11(D) $39 

Wizard & Princess(D) . .$19 

SPINNAKER 

Adventure Creator(R) . .$17 

Aerobics (D) $23 

Alphabet Zoo (R) $17 

Delta Drawing (R) $17 

Pacemaker (R) $17 

Fraction Fever (R) $17 

Kids on Keys(R) $17 

Kindercomp(R) $17 

Math Busters (D) $19 

Rock 'N Rhythm (D) . . .$19 
Snooper Troops 

1 or2(D) $19 

Story Machine (R) $17 

Trains (D) $19 

SPRINGBOARD 

Early Games (D) $23 

Fraction Factory (D) ... $19 

Make A Match (D) $19 

Music Maestro (D) , . . .$23 
Piece of Cake 

Math(D) $23 

SSI 

Battle Normandy (D) , .$26 

Breakthrough in the 

Ardennes (D) $39 

Broadsides (D) $26 

Carrier Force (D) $39 

Colonial Conquesl(D) .$26 
Combat Leader (D) ... .$26 
Computer 

Ambush (D) $39 



Computer Baseball(D) . .$26 

ComputerQB(D) $26 

Cosmic Balance(D) . . .$26 
Cosmic Blance II (D) . .$26 

Eagles (D) $26 

Epidemic (D) $23 

50 Mission Crush (D) . .$26 

Field of Fire (D) $26 

Fortress (D) $23 

Galactic 

Adventures (D) $39 

Gemstone Warrior (D) .$23 
Imperium 

Galactum(D) $26 

Kampfgruppe(D) $39 

Knights of Desert(D) . $26 
Objective Kursk (D) . . .$26 
Operation Market 

Garden (D) $33 

Questron(D) $33 

Rails West (D) $26 

Reforger '88(D) $39 

Six-GunShootoul(D) . .$26 
Tigers in Snow(D) , . . .$26 

War In Russia (D) $49 

SUBLOGIC 

Flight Simulator 11(D) . .$33 

Night Mission 

Pinball (D) $21 

SYNAPSE 

Alley Cat (D) $16 

Blue Max 2001 (D) $19 

Essex (D) $26 

Lode Runner's 

Rescue (D) $19 

Quasimodo (D) $17 

Syn-Calc(D) $35 

Syn-Calc 

Templates (D) $16 

Syn-Chron(D) $26 

Syn-Comm(D) $26 

Syn-File{D) $35 

Syn-Stock(D) $26 

TIMEWORKS 

Checkbook (D) $16 

Data Manager (D) . . .$16 
Money Manager (D) ,.,$16 
TRONIX 

S.A.M.(D) $39 

ACCESSORIES 
Ape Face Printer 

Interface $47 

Bonus Disks Cheap 

CompuServe Starter 

Kit (5 hrs.) $19 

Digital Devices 

U-Print A $57 

Digital Devices A16 

Printer Inteface 

W/16K Buffer $89 

Disk Case (Holds 50) , . $9 

Disk Drive Cleaner $9 

Dows Jones News 

Retrieval Kit (5 hrs.) .$19 
Indus Disk Drive . . .Cheap 
MPP1000E Modem .Cheap 
Sakala 13" Color 

Monitor $179 

Wico Bat Handle $19 

Wico Boss $12 

Wico Three Way $23 

Wico Trackball $29 



P.O. BOX 278— DEPT. AN — WILDWOOD, PA 15091 



'Ordering and Terms; Orders with cashier chock ot money order sht|)|MKl imrnedialely Personal/company checks, allow 3 weeks clearance No C O D s Shipping: Con- 
tinental U.S.A. — Orders under $100 add $3; free shipping on orders over $100. PA residents add 6".. sales tax. AK. HI, FPO-APO — add $5 on all orders. Sorry — no Interna 
Iional orders. Defective merchandise will be replaced wtlh same merchandise Olher rolurns subjncl to a 15% restocking charge — NO CREDITS' Reliirn must have 
aulhoD/ation number (412) 361-5291 Prices subject to change without notice. 



CIRCLE #115 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Software Discounters 

of America open Saturday 



S.D. of A ) 



For Orders Only— 1-800-225-7638 
PA Orders— 1-800-223-7784 
Customer Service 412-361-5291 



Open Saturday ^^ 

• Free shipping on orders over $100 in 
continental USA 

• No surcharge for VISA/MasterCard 

• Your card is not charged until we ship 



MONTHLY MADNESS SALE! 



Sakati 



...we promise performance 

The SC-100 is designed to work with Apple, Atari, Com- 
modore, IBM-PCjr, and other personal computers. In- 
cludes audio speaker and standard earphone jack; pro- 
vides the most vibrant brilliant colors; tested, proven, 
and rated as the best color monitor available. 

List =^299^^ Madness Price M59°° 

So\6 to the first 85 customers 



SC-100 




* monitor cables available for ^7. 



Panasonic kxpio9o 

Find high resolution dot-addressable graphics combined with 
sharp character printing in a Panasonic Matrix Printer ideally 
suited lor personal and small business use. The KX-P1090 is 
lightweight and its state-of-the-art engineering guarantees 
durability and quality. 

The KX-P1090 prints bi-directionally at 80 cps (Pica) and 96 
cps (Elite) with logic seeking capability. II has a 9 pin print- 
head for sharp copy quality. The KX-P1090 has both friction 
feed and an adjustable sprocket tractor feed. An 8 bit parallel 
computer interface is standard and an optional RS232C is 
available. 

List Price ^349°° Madness Price M79°° Only 65 to sell! 




BONUS 



SS, DD, 5V4 Disks 



List M2^9 Bx of 10 
Madness Price ^9^^ Bx of 10 
plus 1 free additional 6\sk 

1000 Boxes to Sell! 




P.O. BOX 278— DEPARTMENT AN WILDWOOD, PA 15091 



•Ordering and Terms' Orders wilh cashier check or money order shipped imrnedialely Personal/company checks allow 3 weeks clearance No C O D s Shipping; Con- 
tinenlal USA —Orders under $100 add $3. free shipping on orders over $100, PA residenis add 6"i. sales tax AK, HI, FPO-APO — add $5 on all orders Sorry-no Inlerna- 
tional orders Delecliye merchandise will be replaced with same merchandise Other returns sub|ect to a 15% restocking charge-NO CREDITS' Return must have 
authorization number (412) 361-5291 Prices subject to change without notice 



CIRCLE #115 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



REVIEW 




MEGAFONTM + 
XLENT SOFTWARE 
P.O. Box 5228 
Springfield, VA 22150 
(703) 644-8881 
48K Disk $24.95 



by Mark Weaver 



There I was in my computer room, 
trying to find a way to get around tlie 
task in front of me. I had to make a new 
character set for my printer (a Gemini 
lOX), so I could print my files in the new 
character set. I had lost hope when a 
friend called and asked if I would try out 
his new program on my printer, to see 
if it was compatible. 

Not wanting to tackle the new charac- 
ter set, I said I'd try out his program, 
Megafont][+ by Xlent Software. When 
he dropped it off, I wasn't too excited. 
But, when I opened the manual, an idea 
began to form. 

This program was supposed to print 
different styles of characters on the print- 
er. If Megafontl[+ had a character set I 
could use, it would save me the trouble 
of making a new one. As I started to read 
the manual, I found myself engulfed by 
the capabilities of this program. 

The di.sk had over ten character sets 
that I could use without any trouble, in- 
cluding Greek. After reading the man- 
ual, I needed only half an hour to get 
everything printed in script. When I was 
done, I had time to experiment. 

Megafont ][+ is quite a useful pro- 
gram. Not only can it print character 
sets, it can do graphics dumps in four 
different sizes. The quality of the dumps 
is clear, and they can be printed in nor- 
mal or inverse. The only thing I didn't 
like about the graphics dumps is that 
they're limited to graphics 7+ or 8 pic- 
tures. It would be better if the program 
could use a graphics 9 or 11 screen, as 
well. 

Another Megafont H + feature is the 
capability to convert character sets de- 
signed on a character set generator such 
as Create-A-Font (ANALOG Computing, 







Qui Noise D 


t Uate^s 








jMI aoy \ haasr tl»e 


hoVse 9( waters 








Hakihg Hoah, 












Sad ns the sea-bi^cl 


is 


vheh, goihg 








Fortti alohe, 












He ^^ea^s tlie v'\Ms 


cty 


to tJie waters' 








Hohotohe. 












Fancy 


1. 






All day 


I hear 


the noise of waters 




■ry.- i:_i__ _.- ::_; 


IZr'S 


flaking 


BlDSn, 






~z,z. -3"!;-- .1 riZub" i!nE r" 


-:iist -r-r 




Norma 


! print. 




Zebra. 




All &(n; 


1 hCtfP 


tnG '\«icrc Of wdtcptf 




dil Jb* 4 t-jLOf. Jiu. 


.<M>JlAA aJ 


HcOiLvY WM'tf, 






tCokjLA^ .«(San, 






Greek. 




Cursive 1. 





Sample fonts. 



issue 16), These files are made in about 
ninety seconds and take seventeen sec- 
tors on a disk. 

Another option available is the com- 
bining of two fonts. This means that 
your Megafont ][+ can take a cursive 
font and combine that with a script font. 
Then, the program could combine the 
font it just made willi another. 

And, for the user's convenience, Meg- 
afont ][+ has its own mini-DOS, built 
into the program. This allows the oper- 
ator to get a directory, delete and rename 
files, and perform other DOS fujictions. 

The program is run by menus and is 
very easy to use. If you don'l like to read 
directions, you shouldn't have to. Mega- 
font ][-h is so well designed that anyone 
should be able to boot it up and start us- 
ing it without reading the directions. 



Xlent Software did a great job when 
putting this program together. It has 
been improved to handle seven printers. 
It provides three demo pictures to run 
with the graphics dump program, show- 
ing some of the things Megafont jl-h can 
do. It also has nineteen fonts for (he Pro- 
writer and compatible machines, as well 
as fifteen fonts for the Kpson and com- 
patible printers. 

The possibilities of this program are 
endless. I think Megafont ][-h would be 
a good addition to anyone's librarv. At 
$24.95, it's a lot better than some of the 
other graphics dump programs. D 

A high school junior. Mark Weaver 
has had his Atari 800 for three years. 
His main inferesis lie in graphics and 
sound, and he hopes lo work someday 
in a computer relaled field. 



PAGE 30 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



SPARE PARTS FOR YOUR ATARI 



ROM 



CPU 



MAIN 




16K 
RAM 



New Spare Parts 
For Atari 
800/400/810 

800 PCB Sets 
Main, CPU, 10K OS, 
Power & RAM $65 
Less RAM chips $50 



POWER 



Replacement Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) w/parts 

BOOMain $25 400 Main $20 SlOside $50 

800 Power $5 400 Power $4 SlOside w/DS.$75 

CPU w/GTIA.$20 16KRAM $15 810 Analog .^ $20 

Used CPU ..$15 10KOS $15 810 Power ... $25 

Power Paks 800/810 $15 ea 800 XL $25 ea 

Limited quantity used 800 cases & cast shields $40 ea 

Hard to find Integrated Circuits $5. each 

On CPU: GTIA, ANTIC, CITA, CPU 6502, CPU 6511 

On 10K OS: Math ROM 399B, OS ROMs 499B & 599B 

On 800/400 Main: Pol<ey, 6520 PI A 

On 810 & 850: MPU 6507, PIA 6532, RAM 6810, ROM C 



^^Qxmpiiliervisions 



(408) 245-2680 



De Re ATARI (All About ATARI) $15, tells you everything 
you want to know about the ATARI 400 and ATARI 800 
Home Computers, but were afraid to ask. It's an excellent 
resource and training text for professional programmers 
who use ATARI Home Computers and for advanced 
hobbyists who understand ATARI BASIC and assembly 
language. Neither an introductory manual nor a refer- 
ence for the computer, De Re ATARI explains the 
concepts behind the internal structure of the ATARI 
Home Computer. 

Topics include graphics indirection, player-missile 
graphics, display list interrupts, scrolling, sound, the 
Operating System, the Disk Operating System, ATARI 
BASIC and CTIA. Extensive appendices, sample pro- 
grams, display screens, and diagrams generously 
illustrate the discussions. A glossary defines and 
explains some less commonly encountered terms. 
An added feature is a laminated Programmer's Card con- 
taining the most needed facts and figures about the 
computer. 

810 PCB Set w/side, OS, Power, Analog $100 

810 Drive Mechanisms Tandon or MPI $70 

Field Service Manuals 800/400, 800XL or 810 $25. ea 
For 1050 or 1200XL $20 ea For 410 or 835 $15. ea 
Diagnostic Cartridges Computer or Disk $25. ea 
520ST, 130XE, 800, 800XL, 810, 1050, 1030 $CALL 

Books, Modems, Monitors, Printers, Joysticks $CALL 

BASIC XE For 130XE $70. 

Aventure International Gold Series $40. 

Software by SSI, OSS, Synapse, LJK, Atari ETC. 

Atari 800/400 Technical Reference Notes $20. 

Pilot, Basic, Manuals $5. ea. LOGO ref. manual $12. 
• Special* Happy Upgrades 810 or 1050 $150. ea 



3283 Klfer Rd., Santa Clara, CA 95051 

Hours: Tuesday-Friday 10am-7pm/Sat. 10am-5pm 

Terms; Calif. Res. add 7% sales tax. Add $5. for shipping. We ship 

UPSbOD, Prepaid or MC/Visa ($50. min.) No orders under $20 



YOU CANT TELL 

A DISK DRIVE 

BY ITS COVER!! 



WITH A HAPPY ENHANCEMENT INSTALLED THESE ARE 
THE MOST POWERFUL DISK DRIVES FOR YOUR ATARI COMPUTER 

WARP SPEED SOFTWARE DISK READING AND WRITING 500% FASTER 





HAPPY BACKUP — Easy to use backup of even the most heavily protected disks 

HAPPY COMPACTOR — Combines 8 disks into 1 disk with a menu 

WARP SPEED DOS — Improved Atari DOS 2. OS with WARP SPEED reading & writing 

SECTOR COPIER — Whole disk read, write and verify in 105 seconds 

1050 ENHANCEMENT — Supports single, 1050 double, and true double density 

810 ENHANCEMENT — Supports single density 

SPECIAL SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE: Get the HAPPY ENHANCEMENT 810 or 1050 version with the HAPPY BACKUP PROGRAM, 
plus the multi drive HAPPY BACKUP PROGRAM, plus the HAPPY COMPACTOR PROGRAM, plus the HAPPY DRIVE DOS. plus the 
HAPPY SECTOR COPY, all with WARP DRIVE SPEED, including our diagnostic, a $350.00 value for only $249.95, for a limited time only! 
Price includes shipping by air mail to U.S.A. and Canada. Foreign orders add $10.00 and send an international money order payable through a 
U.S.A. bank. California orders add $16.25 state sales tax. Cashiers check or money order for immediate shipment fi'om stock. Personal checks require 
2-3 week"; to clear Cash COD available by phone order and charges will be added. No credit card orders accepted. ENHANCEMENTS for other 
ATARI compatible drives coming soon, call for information. Specify 1050 or 810 ENHANCEMENT, all 1050s use the same ENHANCEMENT. 
Please specify -H model for all 810 disk drives purchased new after February 1982. call for help in 810 ENHANCEMENT model selection. Dealers 

now throughout the world, call for the number of the dealer closest to you. atari is a ivgisleied trademark of Atari Computer Inc 



HAPPY COMPUTERS, INC. 



p. O. Box 1268 



Morgan Hill, California 95037 



(408) 779-3830 



CIRCLE #116 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



REVIEW 






SG-10 PRINTER 
STAR MICRONICS INC. 
200 Park Avenue 
New York, NY 10166 
$299.00 



by Jim Van Leeuwen 



First and foremost, I bought an SG-10 
because of its value and price. An Ep- 
son FX-80 is $150 more than what I paid 
for my printer. Keep in mind that they're 
basically the same printer, except for a 
few differences, some of which are men- 
tioned below. 

The SG-10 has all of the featui'es I can 
possibly need in a printer, and then 
some. It can print all of the fancy types 
from A to Z, but it does something that 
not many other dot-matrix printers can 
— near letter quality. The print is won- 
derful! 

This feature has the printer make two 
passes over the line of type. The process 
takes quite a bit longer to do a job, but 
it really looks a lot better 

The SG-10 itself is very quick. It is 
said to print 160 characters per second 
(cps) in draft mode, but is really ai'ound 
120 cps in normal use. The near-letter- 
quality mode greatly reduces the speed 
to around 30 cps, but is well worth the 
wait. There is a 20% increase in speed 
over its older brother, the Gemini lOX. 

When you unpack the SG-10 from its 
box, you're ready to print, using both 
single sheets and fanfold paper Witli the 
Epson, an adjustable tractor feeder is an 
additional $40. In my opinion, a printer 
costs enough already; why should you 
have to pay more? And the SG-10 can ac- 
cept paper from 3 inches up to 10 inches 
wide. 

A very nice feature is the ability to use 
a standard typewriter ribbon (an Under- 
wood spool}. They're very cheap and 
come in a variety of colors. This little 
capability can soothe your wallet when 




The SG-10. 



you use up the ribbon in one day with 
the Print Shop, like I did. 

The SG-10 is a workhorse. Even after 
several hours of printing, weird things 
don't happen, as they do on some print- 
ers I've seen. According to Star, the aver- 
age time between failures is aroujid five 
million lines. The head should last for 
around one hundred million characters. 
The SG-10 also has a better warranty 
than the Gemini lOX; il is now warran- 
ted for one year. 

The printer itself is fairly quiet. It does 
have the tendency to make some pretty 
strange loud noises occasionally, but 
they're not particularly annoying. 

One of the main reasons for my buy- 
ing the SG-10 was its ability to work 



with so many existing programs. Com- 
patible with most of the programs de- 
signed for Epson printers, it can be used 
very easily with the AtariWriter, with or 
without a printer driver And a printer 
driver is only about $10. Moreover, the 
SG-10 is completely compatible with the 
Gemini lOX, for which a lot of programs 
were designed. 

If you're in the market for a printer 
with all the features you can get for a 
reasonable price, the Star SG-10 really 
deserves a close look! D 

Jim Van Leeuiven is a high school stu- 
denl in southwestern Ohio. He's bee;i us- 
ing an Atari for two years, for compuler 
graphics, music and arl. 



PAGE 32 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



REVIEW 



P 

B**-^ 



HOME ACCOUNTANT 
CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE 
11223 S. Hindry Avenue 
Los Angeles, CA 90045 
(213) 410-3977 
48K Disk $74.95 

by Andrew J. Kennedy, Jr. 

Home Accountant, a product of Con- 
tinental Software, has been advertised 
for quite some time as the preeminent 
financial software package for the Atari. 
Why not? After all, Home Accountant 
will do everything you could ever want 
and more! 

Just consider a few of the features de- 
scribed in the user guide: (1) define up 
to fifty budget categories; (2) keep track 
of up to five checkbooks; (3) flag trans- 
actions for later recall for tax purposes; 
[4] search, display and edit transactions 
by date, check number, payee, amount, 
budget category, memorandum, or any 
combination of these; (5) split or spread 
individual transactions over several bud- 
get categories; and (6) reconcile bank 
statements quickly and easily. 

On top of all of this. Home Accoun- 
tant has a most impressive array of print- 
ed reports, to wit: (1) balance sheets; 
(2) net worth statements; (3) income and 
expense summaries; (4) activity reports 
for all transactions or for only transac- 
tions in a given budget category; (5) spe- 
cial reports by search fields; and (6) bar 
graphs, line graphs and trend analyses. 

Home Accountant can be tailored for 
any printer on the market and can make 
use of the 132-character print capabili- 
ty in those printers which permit it. 

As an added incentive, you can even 
purchase an "Extended Warranty" and 
obtain help with problems over the tel- 
ephone through a customer support of- 
fice. The warranty also allows you to 
obtain any future updated versions of 
Home Accountant. 

The only criticism of the program that 
I ever read was that it had a tendency 
to be difficult to use. As a professional 
computer programmer with over twenty- 
five years' experience on every machine 
from IBM and UNIVAC mainframes to 



small desktop microcomputers, I could 
hardly be worried by complexity. 

Actually, I looked forward to a truly 
professional program running on my 
Atari. I really believe that the Atari is the 
best home computer on the market, but 
I bristle at the fact that most software 
written for it tends to be either overly 
simplistic or "cute." 

I looked at most of the other financial 
programs then available for the Atari, 
like Financial Wizard, but considering 
all the features and the favorable prod- 
uct reviews, I decided to take the plunge 
and bought Home Accountant in the fall 
of 1983. 

The product and its authors didn't let 
me down. I was duly impressed. Home 
Accountant did everything it was sup- 
posed to. Yes, it is a little complex and 
it's not cute. There are no fancy sound 
effects. For the most part, all display 
screens are the classic white characters 
on a blue background. For the first six 
to seven months, it did its job and did 
it well. 

The program saves all transactions to 
disk, with a limit of about 500 transac- 
tions per disk. When a disk fills up, the 
user simply closes out the full disk and 
begins using a second. So, when I filled 
the first disk, I closed it out and set up 
a second for use through the rest of the 
year. For several months everything went 
well, then the trouble began. 

While perusing one of Home Accoun- 
tant's printed reports, I realized that I 
had made several errors in entering in- 
formation for some of the transactions 
on the first "closed out" disk. Since the 
Home Accountant has a search/edit ca- 
pability, correcting errors should be no 
problem — even on closed out disks. 

But I could not correct the errors. This 
was clearly a program bug. Now was the 



time to try out the "Extended Warranty" 
I'd purchased months before. 

I called the customer support office at 
Continental Software and told them of 
my problem. They confirmed the prob- 
lem's existence and said that it had been 
fixed. They would send me a corrected 
version if I sent my original disk back. 

I was curious as to why the corrected 
version had not been sent to me auto- 
matically when it first came out. My 
contact at Continental had no answer, 
and, being easy to please, I didn't press 
the issue. Instead, I sent them my origi- 
nal disk. Several weeks later, I received 
the latest version. 

The new disk did correct the problem 
I'd reported, but presented me with a 
different problem — much worse than 
the first. 

Now, I couldn't search transactions on 
every field and, therefore, couldn't dis- 
play data after it was entered. Again, I 
called the customer support office and 
was told (believe this if you can) that, 
yes, there was a new problem, but it was 
fixed just that morning. They would 
send me a new disk correcting all of the 
problems. 

About two weeks later, I got my new 
disk. With much anxiety, I sat down at 
my Atari to check this, the third version, 
out. 

Eureka! All bugs were corrected. I 
tried out everything, even features I'd 
never used before. They worked. Con- 
gratulations to Continental Software. I 
was back in business. 

But no. . .wait. Home Accountant was 
now slow. I mean really slow. It took 10 
to 15 seconds per transaction. Once 
again, I called customer support. 

Yes, they said, it was slow. The author 
made it that way intentionally, and they 
didn't have a fix. If he ever gets around 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 33 




I Review continued 



to making it fast again, they would send 
me the new version, since I had pur- 
chased the "Extended Warranty." 

That was hard to beheve, since the 
only versions I ever received were the 
ones I got when I complained. Nothing 
was ever automatic. In a couple months, 
I'll call to see if a new version is out. 

But, for the time being, I wouldn't re- 
commend Home Accountant to anyone. 
You'll either purchase a fast version with 
errors or a very slow, error-free version . 
Could it be that the author is more in- 
terested in the PC version and cannot be 
bothered with fixing a lowly Atari pro- 



gram 



I? n 



Andrew /. Kennedy, /r. graduated from 
Syracuse Universily and ha.s worked in 
the ADP fieJd for twenty-three years. A 
Computer Specialist with (he National 
Oceanic Services in Rockland, Mary- 
land, he bought his Atari 800 in 1982. 



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CIRCLE #118 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 34 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 




Comrnodore-64 Screen Picture 



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CIRCLE #120 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Earth will be destroyed in 12 minutes 
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©1985 Infocom. THE HITCHHIKER'SGUIDE TO THE (i.^LAXY is atratlemark of Douglas Adams. 
PLANETEALL.STARCROSS. SUSPENDEDand.'X MINI) [■QREVER VOYAGING are trademarks of Infocom. 



CIRCLE #121 ON READER SERVICE CARD 




by Tom Hudson 



In ANALOG Computing's issue 32, 
there was an article describing my first 
impressions of Atari's new 1.6-bit ST 
computers. The article contained several 
short sections of a C listing which used 
GEM (Graphics Environment Manager) 
subroutines to generate a simple pie 
chart . 

At that time, we were not sure what 
could be revealed about the GEM sys- 
tem, and decided to limit our printing 
of GEM application source code listings 
until the ST was released. 

At the time of this writing, the ST has 
been shipping for two weeks, and users 
are already hoping to see more software 
available for their computers. It's on the 
v\'av from several software publishers 
and. of course. ANALOG Computing. 



This issue starts our coverage of ST pro- 
grams with a complete dissection of a 
GEM application, written in tbe C pro- 
gramming language. 

G is widely used in software develop- 
ment for many computer .systems, pri- 
marily because it's highly "structured." 
That is, programs can be built up from 
many parts, programmed by several pro- 
grammers and compiled into the final 
form very easily. 

G can be used on many different sys- 
tems, from microcomputers to main- 
frames, and the code is standardized so 
that a program written for a microcom- 
puter in G can be compiled and run on 
a mainframe, with very little conversion 
r(!(iuired. 

All this would mean very little if the 
programs written in C; were slow. Eor- 
tunatcilv. (' compiles very efficiently into 
the machine language! of Ihi! computer 



it's running on, producing object code 
that operates very quickly. 

The version of Gthat the pie chart 
demo is written in is Digital Research's 
C/(58K. This G compiler produces (iSOOO 
assembly language source code, which 
is then assembled and "linked" with 
other required object files, to produce an 
executable program. 

Your G compiler may vary slightly 
from the G/R8K compiler, but the pie 
chart should transport to another com- 
piler, such as Haba Systems' "Hippo G," 
with very little trouble. 

A recipe for pie. 

The |jio tliart demonstration program, 
while very primitive as GE^M applica- 
tions go. is a good way to get familiar 
with (; and the G "bindings" for GEM. 
A "binding" is a standardized procedure 
us(!(l locall a subroutine. I'or subroutine 



PAGE 38 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



Easy as Pie 

PIE CHART DEMO 



m^^ 
^mi 





calls in C, the programmer must provide 
certain parameters used by the subrou- 
tine. 

The GEM Programmer's Guide lists 
each GEM subroutine, along with the 
parameters required and returned by the 
routine. If you follow the requirements 
of each function when making GEM sys- 
tem calls, you can perform many func- 
tions very easily, with very little pro- 
gramming effort. 

Unlike a "true" GEM application, the 
pie chart will only operate in the sys- 
tem's low-resolution mode (320 by 200 
pixels, in 16 colors). With a little extra 
effort, the pie chart program could be 
converted so that it would run in all 
three graphics modes supported by the 
ST. 

The pie chart demo doesn't use win- 
dows or icons, either. The use of these 
will be covered in a future issue. 

On with the dissection! 

The first three lines of the pie chart 
demo program (note that C/68K doesn't 
use line numbers) are "comments." Com- 
ments in C are denoted by the use of the 
/* characters at the beginning of the 
comment, and */ at the end. Everything 
between /* and */ is ignored by the C 
compiler. As with programming in any 
language, you ought to use the com- 
ments function whenever possible, espe- 
cially if the purpose of a section of code 
is unclear. 

The first statement processed by the 
C compiler is the ^include "porfab. h" 
command. This tells the compiler that 
the file "portab.h" is to be read in and 
treated as a part of the C source code 
n'e've written. This file contains sever- 
al convenient equates, most of which are 



not used by the pie chart program. 

The next five statements tell C to re- 
serve five data storage areas which GEM 
uses to communicate to the calling pro- 
gram. Each of these items is a numeric 
array, ranging in size from 12 to 128 
"words" (2-byte storage locations). The 
"int" declaration tells C that these loca- 
tions will be used to store 2-byte "in- 
teger" values. 

The next line tells C that we're defin- 
ing a program section called "main." 
Processing always starts at main when 
a program is executed. You'll notice that 
the main declaration is followed by a set 
of empty parentheses. These will let the 
compiler know that the main routine 
doesn't require parameters. In future C 
programs, we'll see how to set up mod- 
ules which use parameters. 

The next line has a single, opening 
brace character, which tells the C com- 
piler that this marks the beginning of the 
code that makes up the main() section. 
If you skip ahead to the end of the pro- 
gram listing, you'll see a closing brace, 
which marks the end of the main() sec- 
tion. 

The next seven lines define the vari- 
ous variables used by the pie chart pro- 
gram. Most of these are 2-byte integers 
or integer arrays, but the final "variable" 
is a character array called "title." This 
holds a text string used by the program 
later. 

The next statement, appl inilf), is a 

GEM call which tells GEM to initialize 
for this application. This is a necessary 
call to get your applications rolling. 

The following three statements get the 
"handle" of the current application and 
clear the screen. A "handle" is a unique 



identifier assigned to your application by 
GEM. In this case, we're asking GEM to 
tell us what the handle for the current 
application is. 

Parameters &-gr 1, frgr 2, 8-gr 3 

and S-gr 4 tell GEM where to place in- 
formation on size of the current charac- 
ter font. The pie chart program doesn't 

use these variables. The graf. handle 

call returns the value of the current han- 
dle and places it in the variable we set 
up and called "handle." 

The next statement after the graf 

handle call, v hide c(handle), tells GEM 
to hide the cursor. Note that, from this 
point on, nearly every GEM call passes 
the handle to GEM. Since GEM can be 
running several applications at once, it 
must know which application is request- 
ing an operation, and the handle is used 
for this purpose. After this call is execut- 
ed, the mouse cursor is erased from the 
screen. 

The third call in this sequence, v cJr 
wkfhandlej, clears the screen. This is a 
very straightforward command and pre- 
pares the screen for our use. 

At this point, we're ready to open a 
"workstation." This process assigns our 
application its own handle, allowing it 
to perform graphics calls without dis- 
turbing any other application. 

To open a workstation, the program- 
mer must set up an array of values which 
tell GEM what kind of workstation is be- 
ing opened. The next four lines of the 
program set up the 1 intin array with the 
proper values. 

The first value, placed in 1 intinfOJ, 

is a 1. This tells GEM that we're using 
device 1, or the screen. The next eight 
values are set to 1 (these set default line 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 39 



01 



Pie Chart Demo continued 



types, color indexes, and so on) . The last 
index, number ten, is set to 2, indicat- 
ing that we're using the "realworld coor- 
dinate" system. 

GEM has an option for what's known 
as a "Normalized Device Coordinates" 
function, which automatically scales de- 
vice output to whatever device is in use 
(screen, plotter, printer, and so forth). 
The use of this feature will be covered 
in a future issue. 

Finally, after all the values in the 1 

intin array are initialized, a v opnvwk 
(open virtual workstation) call is issued, 
with 1 intin as the first parameter. 

Since we're opening up a new work- 
station, GEM returns the handle of the 
application to the second parameter (& 
handle) and places information about 
the device we just opened (the screen) 

in the 1 out array. At this point, our 

application is initialized, opened and 
ready to go. 

The next three sections of code, set 
apai't by command lines, tell GEM to set 
the screen colors to the values we want. 
This is done by setting the red, green 
and blue color values for each color reg- 
ister we want to change. 

The rgb in array will be used, with 

the red component going into rgb in 

fO], the green into rgb inflj, and the 

blue into rgb mf2J. The range of values 

in each of these locations is from to 
1000, with indicating dark and 1000 
light. There are 8 brightness levels avail- 
able, but GEM has been designed to han- 
dle up to 1000. 

To make the screen background black, 
all the color levels are set to 0, the color 
index is set to (background) and a call 
is made to the GEM vs color routine. 

Next, we want to set color 1 to gray, 

so all the rgb in values are set to 400. 

This gives a 40-percent white, or a dark 
gray. The "index" variable is set to 1, in- 
dicating that we want color register 1 
set. 

Finally, we want to set color number 

8 to white, so all rgb in input values 

are set to 1000, and the vs color rou- 
tine is called. Note that this call places 
the color register number (8) directly in 
the function statement, rather than in 
the index variable. This saves some time, 
as well as typing. 

Now that all the colors are set the way 
we want, we'd like to draw a white grid 
on the screen for a nice background. We 
have defined color register 8 as the while 
register so we set the "color index" vari- 
able to 8. We then call \'S color to tell 



GEM that we want to draw with regis- 
ter 8. 

To draw the grid, we'll use the line- 
drawing capability of GEM. This will 
utilize the pxyarray array to hold the 
endpoints of the line. Index holds the 
starting X-coordinate, and index 3 holds 
the ending Y-coordinate. A line is drawn 
by simply calling the GEM v pline func- 
tion with the number of endpoints (2j 
and the array holding the endpoint in- 
formation (pxyarray). 

To make the grid look even on the 
screen, we plot the first line manually 
from 0,0 to 319,0. We then enter a for- 
loop which alters the Y-coordinate and 
plots a line every 10 Y-units. 

Next, the process is repeated, but we 
draw the vertical lines of the grid pat- 
tern. 

Now, it's time to draw the pie chart 
itself. Fortunately, the GEM subroutines 
include routines for the generation of 
circles, ellipses and pie wedges, both 
filled and outlined. Our pie chart will, 
of course, use the filled pie option. 

We start the pie-drawing sequence by 
setting the "fill" color to register 1, the 
register we set to gray earlier. The filled 
circle, ellipse and pie functions all use 
the fill color when they draw. GEM is 
extremely flexible in the area of color 
selection and allows many options. 

To draw a pie wedge, you specify the 
X- and Y-coordinates of the center of the 
wedge, the starting and ending angle of 
the wedge in tenths of degrees (0-3600), 
and the X- and Y-radii. You can gener- 
ate round or elliptical pie charts with 
equal ease. 

Our pie chart is an elliptical one. with 
an X-radius of 120 pixels and a Y-radius 
of 40 pixels. The main pie shadow is 
centered at the coordinate 140,140 and 
ranges from 30 to 320 degrees. The v ell- 
pie function call draws the main pie 
shadow on the screen. 

To show a particular piece of data, a 
section of the pie is to be displayed as 
"pulled out" from the rest. So next, we 
plot the shadow of this piece of pie, the 
X-coordinate shifted to 178. To match 
the main pie shadow, this piece ranges 
from 320 degrees (begang = 3200} to 30 
degrees (ondang = 300). We plot it in 
the same manner. 

Now we're ready to plot the multi- 
colored slices of the pie, starting with 
the pulled-out section (after all, its pa- 
rameters are still in the variables, and 
all we have to do is move it up and 
change its color). 



The color is changed with a vs/ color 
call, which sets the color to index num- 
ber 12. The Y-coordinate is moved up 
from 140 to 135, and the slice is plotted. 
Hardly any work at all, is it? 

The other segments are plotted in a 
similar fashion, in colors 3, 2 and 6, with 
their angles going from 30-140 degrees, 
140-175 degrees and 175-320 degrees, 
respectively. These calls are all very sim- 
ilar and easy to use. 

Now, the pie chart itself is complete, 
and we're ready to label it. GEM has a 
fantastic variety of ways to show text, in 
any color I was told that, when the pie 
chart demo in issue 32 was shovm at the 
Consumer Electronics Show, many peo- 
ple said it wasn't done on an ST, because 
"That isn't the ST's text!" 

Sorry to disappoint those doubting 
Thomases, but the ST can scale its text 
to about twenty sizes, in styles ranging 
from normal to italicized, to half-tone, 
to outline. I simply used the "Set Text 
Special Effects" function, vsf effects, to 
make the text bolder than normal, and 
voi'la.' — a different style of text. 

The first line in the chart labeling sec- 
tion of the program set the text color to 
that contained in color register 5, which 
is cyan, or light blue. This will be used 
for the title. 

The function which sets the text color 
is the vst color function. It works just 
like the other color-setting functions. All 
you have to provide is the color register 
ninnber 

The next line sets the infamous "Text 
Special Effects" option of GEM. The val- 
ue of 1 used in this call tells GEM to use 
the thickened text option. All told, there 
are six options, which can be mixed and 
matched as desired. These are; thick- 
ened/not thickened, normal/light inten- 
sity, skewed/not skewed, underlined/not 
underlined, outlined/not outlined and 
shadow/no shadow. 

Next, the title is plotted to the screen 
using the "justified Text" function. This 
fiuiction plots your text (in this case, the 
text stored in the "title" string defined 
at the start of the program), starting at 
a certain X- and Y-coordinate (30,17), for 
a certain pixel count (290), and tells 
GEM whether or not it can adjust the 
inter-character or inter-word spacing (the 
1,1 at the end of the parameter list tells 
GEM that it can modify both). GEM will 
attempt to make the texl fil exacUy be- 
tween 30,17 and 290,17 

The next four groups of t:ommands set 
the te.xt color to the various pie slice 



PAGE 40 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



colors (3, 2, 6 and 12) and plot the chart's 
sectional subtitles, using the graphic text 
V q(ext function. 

This function simply plots the speci- 
fied text starting at a particular X- and 
Y-coordinate (for the "Business" text, the 
text starts plotting at the coordinates 
20,47). This process is repeated for each 
pie section's subtitle and percentage 
readout. 

The program's designed to plot the pie 
chart and wait for a key to be pressed, 
so we must monitor the keyboard. The 
first thing to do is tell GEM that we want 
to wait for input, rather than grab it "on 
the fly." 

This is done with the vsin mode com- 
mand. Our call to GEM tells it to set the 
keyboard string input (number 4) to re- 
quest data (1), waiting until a carriage 
return is encountered or the input array 
is full. 

The actual input is done with the vrg 
string function, which, in this case, tells 
GEM to get one character (1) , don't echo 
it to the screen fO), and provides dum- 
my values for the echo location (which 
we don't use) and the string itself, which 
we aren't concerned about, either 

The vrg string command, when con- 
figured in this manner, will wait until 
one key is pressed on the keyboard, then 
continue. 

Once a key is pressed, the program 
will return to the GEM desktop screen. 
Before this is done, we must return the 
color palette to its previous state, that is, 
the background must be set to white, 
and color register 1 must be set to black. 
Color register 8, which we set to white 
at the beginning of the program, isn't 
critical and is left as is. 

Now that everything's back to its prop- 
er setting, we must close the workstation 
and return to the GEM desktop screen. 

The first operation necessary to ac- 
complish this is to close the workstation 
we're using, with the "Close Virtual 
Workstation" call. This is simply the 
statement v clsvwk(handle) . This tells 
GEM it no longer has to keep track of 
the information it was keeping on our 
application. 

Next, we do an appl exiffj call, to let 
the application library routines clean up 
when an application is through process- 
ing. 

Finally, the exit(O) call exits back to 
the GEM desktop screen. 

That's it! 

In a nutshell, this program gives you 
the information that's necessary to write 




a rudimentary GEM application in the 
C prograrmning language. In future ar- 
ticles, we'll look at how you can build 
your own windows, pop-down menus 
and other fancy structures. 

Until then, try typing this program in 
on your ST, compiling it with C and 
playing around with it. You'll need a 
good C compiler, an editor, a linker- 
relocater and the GEM linker files. 

And, remember, if you're intending to 
do any serious GEM development work, 
get the documentation package from 
Atari. D 



/♦ Pie Chart Test 3/29/85 */ 
/* by Tom Hudson ♦/ 
/* ANALOG Computing Magazine »/ 

ttinclude "portab.h" 

int contrlC12]; 
int intinC1283; 
int pt5inC1283; 
int intoutC128J; 
int pt5DLitC128]5 

main < ) 



int handle, i, pxyarrayC123 , lintinCll], l_outC57]; 

int index, rgb_inC3], dumlC2], dum2C63; 

int X, y, xradius, yradius, begang, endang; 

int set_colDr, sete-ffect, color_index; 

int grl , gr_2,gr_3, gr_4; 

int BBt_mode; 

static char titlet] = "»»* Atari ST User Projection »•*"; 

appl_ini t ( ) ; 

handle=gra-f _handle (S(gr_l, Sigr_2, S(gr_3, t<gr_4) ; 
v_hide_c (handle) ; 
vclrwk (handle) ; 

/» open workstation */ 

l_intinC03 = 1; 

-for <i = 1; i < 10; i++) 

l_intinCi3 = 1; 
l_intinC10] = 2; 
v_opnvwk (l_intin, Sihandle, l_out); 

/» set backgnd color to black »/ 

rgb_inC03 = 0; 

rgbinCin = 0; 

rgb_inC23 = 0; 

index = 0; 

vs_col or (handle, index, rgbin); 

/♦ set color 1 to gray •/ 

rgb_inC03 = 400; 
rgbinCll = 400; 
rgb_inC23 = 400; 
index = 1; 



(Listing continued on page 102] 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 41 



Software 

Sale 

Programmers Reference Guide 
ir -b $12.95 i; ^ 

GAMES 



ATARI 

Call (312) 382-5050 To Order 



Sup^r 

Sof f-vNrar^ 

Sale 

All Software Is On Disk Unless 
Stated Otherwise. 



ATARI 


LIST 


SALE 


A567 STAR VOYAGER 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A544 STAR RAIDERS 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A545 MISSILE COMMAND (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A546GALAXIAN (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A547 DEFENDER (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A548 DIG DUG (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A549 DONKEY KONG (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A550ROBOTRON (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A571 POLE POSITION (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A570 DONKEY KONG JR. (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A569MS.PACMAN(CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A595 JOUST (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A555PENGO(CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A556 MILLIPEDE (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A557 JUNGLE HUNT (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A558 MARIO BROS. (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A559 MOON PATROL (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A550 FINAL LEGACY (CART.) 


$24.95 


$16.95 


A561 FOOTBALL (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A562 TENNIS (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A563 TRACK S FIELD (CART.) 


$39.95 


$29.95 


A564 EASTERN FRONT (CART.) 


$19.95 


$14.95 


A565 GALAHAD S THE HOLY GRAIL 






$19.95 


$14.95 


A565 ADVENTURE WRITER 


$24.95 


$19.95 


A568 SARGON II 


$29.95 


$16.95 


FIRST STAR 






A510SPY VS.SPY 


$29.95 


$20.95 


A51 1 1 LOVE MY ALPHABET 


$29.95 


$24.95 


A512 U.S. ADVENTURE 


$29.95 


$24.95 



$19.95 $14.95 



IMAGIC 

A513 CHOPPER HUNT 

BRODERBUND 

A514 MASK OF THE SUN 

A51 5 OPERATION WHIRLWIND 

A5I6 5PELUNKER 

A517 LODE RUNNER 

A51 8 WHISTLERS BROTHERS 

A50I SERPENTS STAR 

A502 STEALTH 

EPYX 

A519TEMPLEOF APSHAI 

A520 JUMPMAN 

A521 DRAGON RIDERS OF PERN 

A522 SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES 

A523PITSTOPII 

A524 BALL BLAZER 

A525 RESCUE ON FRACTULUS 

SSI 

A526 KNIGHTS OF THE DESERT 

A527 FIELD OF FIRE 

A528 FORTRESS 

A529 THE COSMIC BALANCE 

A530 IMPERIUM GALACTUM 

A531 RAILS WEST 

A532 TIGERS IN THE SNOW 

A533 50 MISSION CRUSH 

A590 BROADSIDES 

A591 COMPUTER QUARTERBACK 

A592 COMPUTER AMBUSH 

A593 COMPUTER BASEBALL 

A594 QUESTRON 

AAUSE 

A583 CASTLE WOLFENSTEIN $39.95 

A584 BEYOND CASTLE WOLFENSTEIN 

$39.95 

MICROPROSE 

A58I SOLO FLIGHT $37.95 

A582 HELLCAT ACE $29.95 

SYNAPSE 

A534 ENCOUNTER $19.95 

A535 BLUE MAX 2001 $29.95 

A536 QUASIMODO/AIR SUPPORT $34.95 
A537N.Y.C. /ELECTRICIAN $34.95 

A538 RAINBOW WALKER/COUNTDOWN 

$24.95 
A539 FORT APOCALYPSE $34.95 

A540 BLUE MAX $34.95 



$39.95 
$39.95 
$22.95 
$34.95 
$29.95 
$39.95 
$29.95 



$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 

$39.95 
$39.95 
$34.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$59.95 
$39.95 
$49.95 



$24.95 
$24.95 
$18.95 
$20.95 
$18.95 
$24.95 
$18.95 



$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 

$24.95 
$24.95 
$22.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$34.95 
$24.95 
$27.95 



$18.95 
$22.95 

$22.95 
$18.95 

$14.95 
$19.95 
$19.95 
$19.95 

$19.95 
$20.95 
$20.95 



Add S3 00 tot shipping 


handling and insu'ance iHin 


OIS 


residents 


please odd 6% tox Add S6 00 for CANADA PUERrO RICO 


HAWAII 


ALASKA APO-FPO orde 


s. Canadian orders musi be in 


U 


, dollars 


WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OrHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA [ 


Enclose Cashiers Check 


Money Order o( Personal Che 


ck 


Allow 14 


doys lot delivery 3 io 7 d 


oys tor phone orders 1 day eip 




mail' 


VISA 


MASTERCARD COD. 








NoC O D loCon 


do 


APO FPO. 



ACCESS 

A589 BEACHHEAD 

AVALON HILL 

A572TELENGARD 

A573T.G.I.F. 

A574 FLYING ACE 

A575 MIDWAY CAMPAIGN 

A576 B-1 NUCLEAR BOMBER 

A577 LEGIONAIRE 

A578T.A.C. 

A579 MARKET FORCES 

A580 PANZER JAGD 

A504 GALAXY 

A505 ANDROMEDA CONQUEST 

A506 COMPUTER STOCKS AND 1 



COSMI 

A507 FORBIDDEN FORREST (TAPE/DISK) 

$16.95 $12.95 

A508 AZTEC CHALLENGE (TAPE/DISK) 

$16.95 $12.95 

A509 CAVERNS OF KHAFKA (TAPE/DISK) 

$16.95 $12.95 



LIST 


SALE 


$39.95 


$20.95 


$28.00 


$19.95 


$25.00 


$16.95 


$31 .00 


$22.95 


$21 .00 


$12.95 


$21 .00 


$18.95 


$30.00 


$24.95 


$40.00 


$26.95 


$21 .00 


$14.95 


$30.00 


$21.95 


$25.00 


$16.95 


$23.00 


$16.95 


$25.00 


$18.95 



DATASOFT 

A585 BRUCE LEE 
A586 PAC MAN 
A587 CONAN 
A588MR. DO 



$39.95 $20.95 

$29.95 $18.95 

$39.95 $22.95 

$29.95 $24.95 



ACCESSORIES & 
PROGRAMMING AIDS 

A096 SURGE PROTECTOR 6 PLUG 
A007 DATA CASSETTE RECORDER 
A093 MONITOR CABLE 
A01 5 BOX/10 ECONOMY DISKS 
A018 BOX/10 FUJI FLOPPY DISKS 
A025 50 FLOPPY DISK FILE BOX 
A022 FLOPPY DISK CLEANER 
A442 ATARI GRAPHICS TABLET 
A105 BASIC TUTORIAL (BOOK) 
A106 ADVANCED BASIC TUTORIAL 

A 107 PROGRAMMERS REFERENCE GUIDE (BOOK) 

$24.95 $12.95 



$49.95 


$29.95 


$91.00 


$44.95 


$14.95 


$ 9.95 


$29.95 


$12.95 


$39.95 


$14.95 


$39.95 
$29.95 


$14.95 
$19.95 


$99.00 


$49.95 


$16.95 


$12.95 


BOOK) 




$16.95 


$9.95 



BUSINESS 



ATARI 

A201 ATARI WRITER (CART.) $49.95 

A202 PROOFREADER $19.95 

A203VISICALC $39.95 

A204 HOME FILE MANAGER $24.95 

A215TIMEWISE $19.95 

CODEWRITER 

A206 FILE WRITER $29.95 

A207 REPORT WRITER $29.95 

A208 MENU WRITER $29.95 

A209 FAMILY FINANCE $29.95 

A210 HOME INTEGRATOR $24.95 
A211 SMALL BUSINESS INVENTORY $19.95 

A21 2 SALESMAN'S EXPENSE $19.95 
A21 3 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE & PAYABLE 

$19.95 

A21 4 RETAIL INVOICE $19.95 

PEACHTREE 

A21 6 GENERAL LEDGER $99.00 

A217 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE $99.00 

A2I8 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE $99.00 



$39.95 
$16.95 
$29.95 
$19.95 
$14.95 

$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$19.95 
$19.95 
$12.95 
$12.95 

$12.95 
$12.95 

$49.00 
$49.00 
$49.00 



EDUCATION 



FISHER PRICE 

A444 LINKING LOGIC (CART.) 
A445 DANCE FANTASY (CART.) 
A446 MEMORY MANOR (CART. 
A447 LOGIC LEVELS (CART.) 

SCHOLASTIC 

A407 BANNER CATCH 
A408 SQUARE PAIRS 
A409 SPELLAKAZAM 
A410 SPELL DIVER 
A411 AGENT U.S.A. 



$24.95 $16.95 

$24.95 $16.95 

$24.95 $16.95 

$24.95 $16.95 

$29.95 $22.95 

$29.95 $22.95 

$39.95 $24.95 

$29.95 $22.95 

$29.95 $22.95 



ATARI LIST 

A316 LOGO (CART.) $49.95 

A318 ASSEMBLER/EDITOR (CART.) $29.95 
A31 5 PILOT (CART.) $39.95 

A31 9 MACRO ASSEMBLER (CART.) $29.95 
A420 ATARI MUSIC I $29.95 

A421 ATARI MUSIC II $29.95 

A422 INTRO TO BASIC I (TAPE) $19.95 

A423 INTRO TO BASIC II (TAPE) $19.95 

A424 INTRO TO BASIC III (TAPE) $19.95 
A433 TYPE ATTACK (CART.) $19.95 

A436 SAT SAMPLE TESTS $34.95 

A437 SAT MATH MODULE $39.95 

A435 SAT VERBAL MODULE $39.95 

A434 THE LEARNING PHONE (CART.) 

$24.95 
A438 TOUCH TYPING (TAPE) $19.95 

A439 JUGGLES RAINBOW $19.95 

A440 JUGGLES HOUSE $19.95 

A443 PAINT $24.95 

A425 ATARI LAB STARTER SET (CART.) 

$69.95 
A426 ATARI LAB LIGHT MODULE (CART.) 

$49.95 
A427 SCRAM $24.95 

A428 SKYWRITER (CART.) $19.95 

A429 CONVERSATIONAL FRENCH (TAPE) 

$19.95 
A430 CONVERSATIONAL SPANISH (TAPE) 

$19.95 
A431 MY FIRST ALPHABET $19.95 

A432 SPEED READING (TAPE) $24.95 

DESIGNWARE 

A401 CRYPTO CUBE 
A402 SPELLAGRAPH 
A403 MATH MAZE 
A404SPELLICOPTER 
A405 CREATURE CREATOR 
A406TRAP-A-ZOID 



$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 

$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 
$39.95 



SALE 

$39.95 

$19.95 

$29.95 

$19.95 

$19.95 

$19.95 

$14.95 

$14.95 

$14.95 

$16.95 

$17.95 

$29.95 

$29.95 

$19.95 
$14.95 
$16.95 
$16.95 
$19.95 

$49.95 

$39.95 
$19.95 
$16.95 

$16.95 

$16.95 
$16.95 
$19.95 

$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$18.95 
$24.95 

$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 
$24.95 



WEEKLY READER 

A412STICKYBEAR BOP 
A4I3STICKYBEAR NUMBERS 
A414 STICKYBEAR BASKETBOUNCE 
A41 5 STICKYBEAR OPPOSITES 
A416 STICKYBEAR ABC 
A417 STICKYBEAR SHAPES 

AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER 

A4I 8 BIOLOGY FACTS $24.95 $16. 

A419 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE FACTS $24.95 $16. 
A459 VOCABULARY WORD BUILDER 

$24.95 $16. 
A460 GRAMMAR WORD USE SKILLS $24.95 $16, 
A461 WORD GEOGRAPHY FACTS $24.95 $16, 
A462 SPANISH VOCABULARY SKILLS 

$24.95 
A463 FRENCH VOCABULARY SKILLS $24.95 



A464 WORLD HISTORY FACTS $24.95 

A465 U.S. HISTORY FACTS $24.95 

A466 U.S. GEOGRAPHY FACTS $24.95 

A467 U.S. GOVERNMENT FACTS $24.95 
A468AEC SPELLING 2-8 $99.95 

A480 READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS 

$24.95 
A485 WORDS IN READING VOCABULARY 

$24.95 

SPINNAKER 

A448KINDERCOMP 

A449 PACEMAKER 

A450 KIDS ON KEYS 

A451 GRANDMA'S HOUSE 

A452 KIDWRITER 

A453 FRACTION FEVER (CART.) 

A454 IN SEARCH OF THE MOST 



$16, 
$16, 
$16 
$16 
$16 
$16 
$34 

$16, 

$16 



A455 TRAINS 
A456 ALPHABET ZOO 
A457 AEROBICS 
A458 MATH BUSTERS 



$20.95 
$20.95 
$20.95 
$20.95 
$26.95 
$24.95 
AMAZING THING 
$26.95 $22.9: 
$26.95 
$20.95 
$34.95 
$26.95 



$16.9; 
$16.9; 
$16.9; 
$16.9; 
$22.9; 
$18.9; 



$22.9: 

$16.91 

$24.9; 
$22.9; 



COMPUTER DIRECT 

We Love Our Customers 
Box 1001, Barrington, III. 60010 

312/382-5050 to order 

CIRCLE #122 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



jM 88K Lowest Price In The USA! 152k 

^1 Computer System Sale 

* Students * Word Processing • Home • Business 




LOOK AT ALL YOU GET FOR ONLY 



$449 



SYSTEAA PRICE 

Atari 800XL 88K Computer 

Atari 1050 1 27K Disk Drive 

Atari 1 027 Letter Quality 20 CPS Printer 

Atari Writer Word Processer 

Atari BASIC Tutorial Manual 



All corTnecting cables S T.V. interface included. 
Monitors sold separetly. 



TOTALS 



LIST PRICE 

$179.00 

299.00 

299.00 

59.95 

16.95 

$852.90 



INDIVIDUAL 
SALE PRICE 

$109'"' 
19900 

19900 

39,5 


SAVE $100 

All 5 ONLY 

$44900 

SYSTEM 
SALE PRICE 


12" 


152K SYSTEM 


$559.90 



^ther Accessories List 


Sale 


Add $9.95 for 
Connection Cables 


12" Hi Resolution Green or Amber Screen Monitor $ 1 99.00 


69.95 


(Monitors Only) 


13" Hi Resolution Color Monitor $399.00 


169.95 


(Ltd. Qty) 


* ATARI 130XE 152K Computer $249.00 


159.00 


Add $10 for UPS 



15 DAY FREE TRIAL. We give you 15 doys to try out this ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM! ! If it doesn't meet your expectations, just send it bock to us prepaid 
and we will refund your purctrase price! ! 90 DAY IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY. It any of tfie ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM equipment or 
programs fail due to faulty workmanship or material within 90 days of purchase we will replace it IMMEDIATELY with no service charge! ! 



Best Prices * Over 1000 Programs and 500 Accessories Available * Best Service 
• One Day Express Mail * Programming Knowledge * Technical Support 



AcJd $25.00 for shipping and handling!! 

Enclose Cashiers Check Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 1 4 
days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders. I day express mail ! 
We accepi Visa and MasterCard. We ship C.O.D. to continental 
U.S. addresses only. Add SlO more if C.O.D. 



COMPUTER DIRECT 

We Love Our Customers 

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, III. 60010 

312/382-5050 to order 



CIRCLE #122 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



COLOR MONITOR 
^ S ALE!! ! 



(Premium Quality) 

• Built in Speaker and 
Audio 

• Front Panel Controls 

• For Video Recorders 

• For Small Business 
Computers 

• Apple - Commodore - 
Atari - Franklin - etc. 



Add SI 4. 50 shipping, handling and insurance. 
Illinois residents please add 6''o tax. We do 
not ship to foreign countries (including 
Canodo). Alaska, Puerto Rico, APO-FPO. 

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or 
Personal Check. Allow 14 days (or delivery, 2 
to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express 
mail ! 





13" Color Computer Monitor 

Sale 



(Premium Quality) 



• Beautiful Color 
Contrast 

• High Resolution 

• Separated Video 

• Sharp Clear Text 

• Anti-Glare Screen 

• 40 Columns x 24 Lines 

• Supports 80 Columns 

List $329™ 

$1A095 



*Connecting cable $9.95 



169 



13" RGB & COMPOSITE MONITOR List $39900 

Must be used to get 80 columns in color with 80 column computers (CI 28 & 
Atari ST), {add S14.50 shipping) 

14" COMMODORE 1702 COLOR MONITOR 

(add $14.50 shipping) List $299.00 

15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty 



Sale *279~ 
Salen79~ 



12" XTRON SUPER HI-RESOLUTION MONITOR 



Sale^109 

80 Columns X 24 Lines, Super Hi-Resolution 1000 lines Green or Amber *#%*l^ ^T 

Super-Clear "Easy to Read" text with special anti-glare screen I (Ltd. Oty.) List $249.00 



95 



^^[£1^ HI-RESOLUTION GREEN OR AMBER TEXT DISPLAY MONITOR 

Sale *89« 



80 Columns x 24 Lines, Hi-Resolution, crisp clear easy to | ' t «;1Q9 00 

read text with anti -glare screen! A MUST for word processing. (Ltd. Qty.) '-'^' 5>I'^V.UU 



12" MONITOR GREEN OR AMBER TEXT 

80 Columns x 24 Lines, easy to read up front controls (Ltd. Qty.) 



List $159.00 



Sale «69« 



I 



* Connecting cable $9.95 
' LOWEST PRICES * BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. » ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL * OVER 500 PROGRAMS * FREE CATALOGS 



Add SIO.OO for shipping, handling and insurance. Illinois residents 
please add 6% tax. Add $20.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII, 
ALASKA, APO-FPO orders. Canodian orders must be in U.S. dollars. 
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES, EXCEPT CANADA. 
Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 
days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express nnail ! 
VISA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D. 

No C.O.D. to Canada, APO-FPO 



COMPUTER DIRECT 

We Love Our Customers 

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, III. 60010 

312/382-5050 to order 



CIRCLE #122 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



GIANT PRINTER SALE!! 



List $399.00 



10" Printer 



M79 



00 



10" Comstar lOX - This Bi-directional 
Tractor/Friction Printer prints 
standard sheet 8V^"xll" paper and 
continuous forms or labels. High 
resolution bit image graphics, 
underlining, horizontal tab setting, true 
lower descenders, with super scripts and 
subscripts, prints standard pica, 
compressed, expanded, block graphics, 
etc. Fantastic value. (Centronics 
parallel interface.) 
List $399.00. Sale $179.00. 



List $499.00 



10" Printer 



$ 



E 



229 



00 



E 



10" Comstar 160+ High Speed - This 
Bi-directional Tractor/Friction Printer 
combines the above features of the 10" 
Comstar lOX with speed (150-170 cps) 
and durability. Plus you get a 2K buffer, 
96 user definable characters, super 
density bit image graphics, and square 
print pins tor clearer, more legible print 
(near letter quality). This is the best 
value for a rugged dependable printer. 
(Centronics parallel interface.) 
List $499.00. Sale $229.00. 



List $599.00 



10" Printer 



$ 



259 



00 



7 Year Warranty 

120-140 CPS 

Premium Quality 




1 Year Warranty 

150-170 CPS 

High Spesd 




Lifetime warranty* 

165-185 CPS 

High Speed & Letter Quality 



List $599.00 15%" Printer 



$ 



249 



OOi 



E 



151/2" Comstar 15X - Has all the 
features of the 10" Comstar lOX plus a 
wider 15i/^" carriage and more powerful 
electronics to handle large ledger 
business forms! (Better than FX-lOO). 
The 151/^" Comstar 15X also prints on 
standard size paper and continuous 
forms and labels. Fantastic value. 
(Centronics parallel interface.) 
List $599.00. Sale $249.00. 



List $699.00 ISVa" Printer 



$ 



E 



299 



OOi 



E 



151/2" Comstar 160 -1- High Speed - This 
Bi-directional Tractor/Friction Printer 
has all the features of the 10" Comstar 
160-1- High Speed plus a wider 15i^" 
carriage and the heavy duty electronics 
required for today's business loads. You 
can use large ledger business forms as 
well as standard sheets and continuous 
forms and labels. This is the best wide 
carriage printer in the U.S.A. 
(Centronics parallel interface.) 
List $699.00. Sale $299.00. 



List $599.00 



10" Printer 



$ 



259 



OOi 



10" Comstar 2000 — The ultimate printer 
has arrived! This Bi-directional 
Tractor/Friction Printer gives you all 
the features of the Comstar 160 plus 
higher speed (165-185 cps), 256 
downloadable characters, proportional 
setting, external dark printing mode and 
a *lifetime printhead warranty. PLUS ... 



With the flip of a switch you can go into 
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CIRCLE #122 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



THE END 
USER 



THIS MONTH: 

A book^ 
a disk 
and some 
music. 



Arthur Leyenberger is a human /ac- 
tors psychologist and free-lance writer 
iiving in New Jersey. He has been an 
Atari enthusiast for four years. When not 
computing, he enjoys playing with ro- 
botic toys. 



by Arthur Leyenberger 

As the heart of autumn approaches, 
a slight chill and a quickening of pace 
can lie felt. October's a beautiful month, 
especially here in New Jersey. It's also 
a very busy time. This month's End User 
is no different — very busy, with a lot to 
he done. 

Judging a book. . . 
not by its cover. 

I recently obtained a book titled Pre- 
senting the Atari ST; An In-depth Look 
at the Sensational New Computer that 
Promises to Bring You "Power Without 
the Price." Aside from winning an awai'd 
for longest title, this book also gets the 
award for being the first available book 
concerning the new Atari ST. 

One of the ways that I judge a book 
is simply by seeing if it has an index. 
Well, this one certainly has, but it won't 
do you much good: there's little meat be- 
tween the covers. 

The material in this book can better 
be described as "carbohydrates." You 
know, that starchy foodstuff that has lit- 
tle nutritional value, yet fills you up. 
But, not long afterward, you're left feel- 
ing hungry again. 

Published by Abacus Software, this 
double-spaced, $14.95 book is composed 
of very general information. Topics in- 
clude: why a 16-bit processor is better 
than an 8-bit one (hint: it's faster and 
can address more memory), the Moto- 
rola MC68000 microprocessor instruc- 
tion set, benefits of a hard disk, etc. 



My gripe is that very little ST-specific 
information is given by authors English 
and Walkowiak. Some of the informa- 
tion here has already changed, like the 
520ST's having an RF modulator for TV 
output; it doesn't. Or GEVI's and TOS's 
[The Operating System] existing in the 
ROM; they don't at this time. 

Granted, if you were a novice, you 
might learn some basic facts, like the 
difference between a serial and parallel 
interface. But, if you want to learn about 
the Atari ST, I'd recommend that you: 
(1) get the Atari ST brochure; (2) get the 
Motorola 68000 spec sheet; and (3) look 
at the last few issues of ANALOG Com- 
puting. If you do all three, you'll prob- 
ably know more than if you had read 
this book. 

While on the subject of books, I see 
in my fall catalog of Osborne/McGraw- 
Hill's new titles that there are two offer- 
ings of interest to ST owners. The Atari 
ST User's Guide by John Heilborn (at 
$15.95) and Programming the Atari ST: 
The Advanced Guide also by Heilborn 
($19.95) will, no doubt, be more meat 
than potatoes. 

You'll recall that McGraw-Hill's Your 
Atari Computer by Poole, McNiff and 
Cook is one of the two definitive books 
on Atari 8-bit computers. Although I've 
not yet seen either of these two new 
books, I know that this is a class pub- 
lisher. No doubt these books will fulfill 
a need. 

A better DOS. 
There's an old saying that someone 
will always build a better mousetrap. 



PAGE 46 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



ICD will certainly be catching more than 
mice with their new SpartaDOS Con- 
struction Set (SDCS). SpartaDOS has 

been aromid for a while, and it's the only 
DOS for the 8-bit Atari computers that 
allows you to create subdirectories and 
date-and-time-stamp your files. 

The new SDCS starts with many of 
the older version's features and builds 
onto that. The more I use this DOS, the 
better I like it. 

SDCS sells for about $40 and consists 
of two "master" disks. The one with the 
grape-colored label is intended for the 
old 400/800 computers, whereas the one 
with the gray label is meant for XL and 
XE equipment, and offers more func- 
tions. If you have an Atari 130XE, then 
you'll really appreciate the features of 
SDCS (more on that in a bit). 

SDCS is available for about $70 when 
purchased with the US Doubler Chip 
that turns your 1050 disk drive into a 
true double-density drive. 

SDCS will work either in menu mode 
or in what ICD calls the "command 
processor mode." Here, all DOS com- 
mands must be issued directly. There's 
no menu to choose from, and you pretty 
much have to know what you're doing. 
But there's little wasted time searching 
for the right menu command, and more 
room is available on the screen. 

In some ways I prefer the menu mode, 
because there are some features in it that 
can't be performed any other way. After 
SDCS is booted and at the Dl; prompt, 
you simply type menu, and in a few sec- 
onds the menuing system is loaded. 



The menu mode consists of multiple 
pages with five commands across the 
bottom of the screen. There are four col- 
umns showing the filename, extension, 
protection status (similar to the Atari 
DOS LOCK and UnLOCK parameters) 
and size. 

The first column contains a horizontal 
pointer that's labeled select. This pointer 
or cursor is moved up and down with 
the cursor control keys (no need to hold 
down the CTRL key). 

On the first menu page are the com- 
mand files, copy, erase, rename and exit. 
One of the most useful features of this 
DOS is the ability to tag files for copy- 
ing or erasing. If you wanted to erase or 
copy all of the files on a disk, some DOS 
systems would let you use wild cards, 
such as Dl: *. *. This would be fine if 
you wanted to, say, copy all of the files 
from drive 1 to drive 2. 

But what if you wanted to copy only 
four of the ten files on the disk, and their 
names were such that no combination 
of wild cards would let you do it in one 
operation? 

Using the tag feature of SDCS, you 
would move the cursor down the file- 
names displayed on the screen, and you 
would hit the SPACE BAR to tag files. 
Filenames so indicated then switch to 
inverse video, to let you know they've 
been tagged. Once all of the filenames 
to be copied have been singled out, you 
would press RETURN, respond to the 
Desfinafion Drive? prompt, and your 
files would be copied. 

Erasing files works in a similar way. 



Tag the files, then issue the command. 
Nifty, I'd say. 

The SELECT key moves the bottom 
cursor through displayed commands, 
and the OPTION key brings up a new 
menu page with different commands at 
the bottom of the screen. 

The HELP key is actually used to pro- 
vide on-line descriptions of what vari- 
ous commands do. Besides five screens 
available in menu mode, additional com- 
mands can be issued from the keyboard 
and executed directly. 

One of the most useful commands for 
130XE owners or those with the Axlon 
RAMPOWER card in their old 800, is 
the ramdisk command. A ramdisk is 
nothing more than the simulation of a 
disk drive in the RAM memory. 

Advantages are the speed at which 
files can be written to the "electronic" 
disk drive and the necessity for only one 
physical disk drive. The main disadvan- 
tage is that, when the computer's power 
is turned off, the contents of that mem- 
ory are lost. 

SDCS not only allows you to use the 
extra memory in the 130XE as a ram- 
disk, but you can also designate it to be 
whatever drive number you want. Sim- 
ply typing RD130D4: will assign the ex- 
tra memory as a ramdisk labeled drive 
4. This will give you about 507 free sec- 
tors. There's also a command to install 
a ramdisk for use in conjunction with 
the internal BASIC language of the XE 
computer. 

What else do I like about the SDCS? 
It lets you create and use subdirectories. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 47 




THE END USER co^uinued 



label your disks with a volume label, 
and restore your deleted files with its 
unerase command. 

It also has a built-in RPM speed check 
for yom- disk drives, a batch file creation 
utility for chaining DOS commands, the 
ability to time-and-date-stamp your files 
(either by using the internal clock or 
with an add-on real-time cartridge), a 
binary file loader routine, and the abil- 
ity to use IDOS functions from within 
BASIC. 

As I said before: the more I use it, the 
more I like ICD's SpartaDOS Construc- 
tion Set. It could easily be the ultimate 
I30S for the 8-bit Atari computers. 

DOS woes. 

Speaking of DOS, I've got this bee in 
my bomiet . . . Lately, I've been very frus- 
trated with the copy command of Atari 
DOS 2.0, Unlike some other DOS sys- 
tems (SWP's MYDOS, Eclipse's TOP- 
DOS or ICD's SpartaDOS], it doesn't al- 



low you to type more than one charac- 
ter on the command line. 

So you end up having to type C, RE- 
TURN, then the name of the file you 
want to copy. Not only that, but you have 
to type the entire filename for the des- 
tination file. 

For example, let's say I want to copy 
AI^TFILEl from drive 1 to drive 2. I'd 
like to be able to enter something like 
D1:A«TFILE], 02;. But, oh no. I can't 
even specify the destination filename as 
D2: *.*, since Atari DOS 2.0 will tell me 
wild cards aren't allowed in the copy 
command. 

What brought this on was my sui'prise 
when I tried to perform the same oper- 
ation in Atari DOS 2.5. Sure enough, the 
same constraints were present in Atari's 
latest DOS. 

I would have thought that the new 
DOS 2.5 would have been fixed, in or- 
der to make it a little more friendly to 
the user I guess not. When are these 



companies going to learn lliat current 
users are more sophisticated? We expect 
more from the products we buy. 

I've got the music in me. 

I'm an amateur musician and have al- 
ways loved all kinds of music. When I 
first purchased my Atari years ago, I 
bought the Atari Music Composer car- 
tridge. 

Like many other people, I was thrilled 
that my computer could actually play 
music. Just as exciting was the ability 
to alter the music, compose tunes and 
recreate my favorite songs. 

Still, there was one problem that al- 
ways bothered me with this program, 
the APX Advanced Music System and 
others: the drudgery of entering the mu- 
sic. I spent hours entering data for rela- 
tively simple tunes. There had to be a 
better way! Well, there is: MIDI (Musi- 
cal Instrument Digital Interface). 

(coniinueri on page 50) 



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4: Resident Ramdisl< Handlers for use with most Atari DOS's 
5: Now Included 'Speedscript 80' an 80 Column Word 
Processor Free! 

The Omniview XITXE *59.95 

Atari 130XE *149.95 

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Atari 520ST Package *749.00 

Atari 1050 Disk Drive *165.00 

Happy 1050 Drive (Complete) 5329.95 

Happy 810/1050 Enhancement's *165.00 

Indus GT Drive (Atari) $225.00 

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US Doubler for the 1050 Disk Drive * 56.00 

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CIRCLE #123 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



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CIRCLE #124 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 48 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 




L\;co Computer 
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CIRCLE #125 ON READER SERVICE CARD 




THE END USER continued 



Issue 33 of ANALOG Computing con- 
tained two articles by Craig Patchett on 
MIDI. One introduced and described 
MIDI; the otlier reviewed the Hybrid 
Arts MIDI-MATE hardware interface 
and software for Atari. I won't duplicate 
that material here, but, basically, MIDI 
allows various musical instruments (that 
have the provision for it) to be connect- 
ed to and controlled by a computer. 

Why is MIDI so important? Think 
back a few paragraphs to my complaint 
about the music software for Atari. Tedi- 
ously entering data for musical notes 
isn't exactly my idea of a good time. It's 
such a chore that I lost interest in it. 

Now, with a MIDI-compatible instru- 
ment like a drum, keyboard or guitar 
synthesizer, you can play your tunes 
right on the instrument and have the 
computer save the information in real 



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modems. 

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(314)423-3390 



time. Some MIDI software even lets you 
print your tunes on the printer, in the 
form of sheet inusic. Fantastic! 

If you're interested in the subject of 
inusic and computers, I strongly recom- 
mend you read Craig's articles in issue 
33. As a follow up to those informative 
pieces, I'd like lo mention some addi- 
tional resources and stai'tup tecliniques. 

One of the least expensive and most 
rewarding ways to get involved with the 
music/computer combination is to ob- 
tain an instrument like the Casio CZ-101 
Digital Synthesizer. This mini-keyboard 
lists for $500, but can be obtained at dis- 
count houses for as low as $300. In a 
word, it's tremendous. 

A regular-sized keyboard is available 
on the CZ-1000 for about $200 more. 
Aside from the keyboard size, the CZ- 
1000 is identical to the CZ-101. 

The CZ-101 is an 8-voice polyphonic 
digital synthesizer with 16 factory preset 
"patches," 16 internal patch memories 
and the capability for another 16 patches 
on a removable RAM cartridge. The sup- 
plied patches (different sounds) range 
from trumpet, electric piano and organ 
voicings to far out sounds that you've 
only heard in your imagination. Some 
are more realistic than others. 

Any of these patches can be modified, 
or new ones created by using the ADSR 
(Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release) para- 
meters on the instrument. A headphone 
jack and a line output jack for your ste- 
reo amplifier are supplied. Also, the in- 
strument is battery powered and shuts 
itself down after 7 minutes, to conserve 
power. 

To turn your Atari into a multi-track 
tape recorder, a MIDI hardware interface 
and software like the Hybrid Arts prod- 
uct mentioned above is required. As 
suggested in the review of the MIDI- 



CIRCLE #126 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



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CIRCLE #127 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



MATE, that product is a little pricey. The 
hardware and software can set you back 
about $400. 

Fortunately, another company is de- 
veloping a similar hardware/software 
product for the Atari, that will sell for 
less than half the price. The product is 
called Virtuoso by Enhanced Technolo- 
gy Associates of New York City, and will 
be available by the end of the year. When 
it's out, you'll read about it here. 

If you want to learn more about syn- 
thesizers, I highly recommend three 
books published by GPI publications. 
They are compilations of articles that 
have appeared in Keyboard Magazine. 

Synthesizer Basics, Synthesizer Tech- 
nique and Synthesizers and Computers 
sell for $8.95 each, plus $1.50 postage, 
from CPI Books, 20085 Stevens Creek, 
Cupertino, CA 95014. 

Another excellent resource for learn- 
ing more about synthesizers is a video 
tape published by Ferro Productions. 
Called Secrets of Analog and Digital 
Synthesis, this tape (either Beta or VHS) 
is available from Ferro Productions, 228 
Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109 
(201-751-6238) for $129.95. 

In this video instruction course, the 
fmidamentals of musical sound produc- 
tion are explained in a thorough and en- 
tertaining way, independently of any 
specific brand or type of synthesizer 
Also, demonstrations of many of the 
popular synthesizers are featured. 

Ferro Productions has done an excel- 
lent job producing this course. The next 
course scheduled to be released in their 
Synth Arts series is called Making the 
Most of MIDI. Although I've not yet seen 
this one, I'm told that it will contain in- 
formation on the uses of musical instru- 
ments in conjunction with computers, 
sequencers, drum machines and other 
synthesizers. It will also include a wide 
sampling of many peripherals and per- 
sonal computers. 

If you're either a professional or am- 
ateur musician, or just seriously inter- 
ested in learning more about computers, 
synthesizers and music, have a look at 
these video instruction courses. 

Next month, we'll finally get to Andy 
the robot. We'll also talk about using the 
Atari ST and have a brief interview with 
the very prolific Sid Meier of Micro- 
prose, author of Solo Flight and other ex- 
cellent software. Until then, use your 
computer D 



PAGE 50 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



WHITE HOUSE COMPUTER 

P.O. Box 4025, Williamsport, PA 1 7701 

"Where Prices Are Born, Not Raised" 

Toll Free 1-800-351-3442 

PA Call 1-717-322-7700 



— PA Residents FREE Shipping — 



PRINTERS 



MONDAY-FRIDAY 
9 AM - 6 PM 



VISA & MC 
ACCEPTED 4% 



POLICY: No deposit on COD orders 
Free freight on all prepaid cash orders 
overS300 m the continental USA. APO 
& FPO add S5 00 per hundred. For 
priority mail add S8 00 per hundred PA 
residents add 6"i. sales tax Defective 
products must have Prior RA number 
Schools net 1 5 



COMPUTERS 



ATARI 

XTM 201 Non-Impact Dot Matrix 99.95 

XTC 201 Color Non-Impact Dot Matrix 109.95 

XDM 121 Daisy \Nhee\ 209.95 

XMM 801 Dot Matrix Impact 1 69.95 

STC 504 Color/Non-lmpact 1 39.95 

STD 121 Daisy Wheel 21 9.95 

SMM 801 Dot Matrix/Impact 279.95 



800 XL 89.95 

130 XE 139.95 

520 ST Color RGB Monitor & More 870.95 

520 ST Monoctirome Monitor & More 749.95 



DISK DRIVES 



CITIZEN 

MSP-10 305,00 

MSP-15 450.00 

MSP-20 450.00 

MSP-25 575.00 

LEGEND 

1380 269.00 

1385 305.00 

880 199.00 

1080 229.00 

EPSON 

LX 80 239.00 

FX 80* 339.00 

JX 80 479.00 

RX 100 369.00 

FX 100- 479.00 

LO 1500/P 995.00 



STAR MICRONICS 

SG-10 214.00 

SG-15 379.00 

SD-10 345.00 

SD-15 450.00 

SR-10 485.00 

SR-15 585.00 

Powertype 307.00 

OKIDATA 

182 219.95 

84 640.95 

192 349.95 

193 525.95 

PANASONIC 

1090 187.00 

1091 237.00 

1092 385.00 

1093 425.00 

3151 455.00 



Indus GT 205.95 

1050 164.95 

Happy 1 050 335,95 

Happy Enhancer 1 60.95 



DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOMED 



DISKETTES 



SKC Lifetmie Warr 

SS/DD 10.95 

DS/DD 14.95 

BONUS Liletime Warr. 

SS/DD 9.50 

DS/DD 13.50 

MAXELL 

MD 1 15,95 

MD 2 20,95 



SYNAPSE 



Synfile 32.95 

Syncalc 32.95 

Syntrend 27.95 



SOFTWARE 



Proofreader 


, 1995 


Godewriter 


,42,95 


Filewriter 


24,95 


Reportwriter 


24,95 


Menuwnter 


,24 95 


Small Bus. Inv 


17,95 


Saleman's Expenses, 


, 17,95 


Ace, Receivable/Pay 


17,95 


The Learning Phone, , 


23,95 


CALL FOR OTHER 


SOFTWARE! 




BRODERBUND 


Print Shop 


2895 


Graphics Library 1 , 


, 17 50 


Graphics Library II 


, 17 50 



TOLL FREE 1-800-351-3442 



INTERFACES 



850 108,95 

U-Prinl w/port 49 95 

U-Printw/16k 69 95 

U-Print w/64k 89,95 



PRINTER PAPER 



2500 Shts Lazor Edge . . . 24.95 

500 Shts Lazor Edge 9 95 

1000 Shts Lazor Edge. -- 14 95 



INNOVATIVE 
CONCEPTS 



Flip-N-File (10) 2 50 

Flip-N-File (15) 6.50 

Flip-N-File 25 w/lock , ,, 12,50 

Flip-N-File 50 12,50 

Flip-N-File 50 w/lock ,, , 16,50 



MODEMS 



MPP 1000E 69,95 

Volks 12 179,95 

Hayes 300 149,95 

Hayes 1200 385,95 



MONITORS 



WICO 



Bat Handle Joystick , 

BOSS 

3 Way 



, 17,95 

, 13,95 

21,95 



ZENITH 

ZVM 1 22 Amber 82.95 

ZVM 1 23 Green 75.95 

ZVM 131 RGB Color/Green 40 Columns 229.00 

ZVM 1 33 RGB Color/Green 80 Columns 389.00 

ZVM 1 30 Color/Green 259.00 

ZVM 135 RGB Color/Green 80 Columns 439.00 



BATTERIES 
INCLUDED 



Paperclip/Spell pk 69.95 

Paperclip 55,95 

Homepack 31,95 

Bus Card II 1 19,95 

Bl 80 Column Card 99,95 



SAKATA 

SC-100 179,00 

AMDEK 

300 G 1 19.00 

300 A 129.00 

Color 300 229.00 

Color 500 339.00 

Color 600 399.00 

Color 700 469.00 

Color 710 539.00 

310 A 145.00 



XTRON 

Coincolor I 



189.00 



NEC 

1201 139.95 

1205 139.95 

1260 97.95 

TEKNIKA 

MJ-10 Color 185.95 

MJ-22 RGB 269.95 



CIRCLE #128 ON READER SERVICE CARD 










1^^ 



THE CMO ADVANTAGE 



^ THE BEST PRICES! 

ly Next day shipping on all in 
stock items. 

^ Free easy access order 
inquiry. 

^ Orders from outside 

Pennsylvania and Nevada 
save state sales tax. 

^ Free technicial support with 
our factory trained technical 
staff. 

.^ There is no limit and no 
deposit on C.O.D. orders. 

^ There's no extra charge for 
using your credit card. Your 
card is not charged until we 
ship. 

^ No waiting period for 
cashiers checks. 

^ We accept purchase orders 
from qualified corporations. 
Subject to approval. 

.^ Educational discounts 
available to qualified 
institutions. 

^ FREE CATALOG H/IEMBFRSHIP. 



ORDER LINE 



1-800-233-8950 

In PA 1-800-242-4215 

CUSTOMER SERVICE 

AND 

TECH SUPPORT 

1-717-327-1450 

Dept. B708 



COMPUTER MAIL ORDER 
Department B708, 

477 E. Third Street 
Williamsport, PA 17701 



SPECIAL PACKAGES 



SPECIALS 



MEMBER DIRECT MARKETING ASSOCIATION 

CREDIT CARDS 



■I \' . y '\ 



DINERS CLUB 




SHIPPING 

Add 3%, minimum $5.00 ship- 
ping and handling on all orders. 
Larger shipments may require 
additional charges. 
All items subject to availability 
and price change. 
Returned shipments may be 
subject to a restocking fee. 



CANADIAN ORDERS 



1-800-268-3974 

Ontario/Quebec 

1-800-268-4559 

Other Provinces 

1-416-828-0866 

In Toronto 

TELEX: 06-218960 

2505 Dunw/in Drive, 

Mississauga, Ontario 

Canada L5L1T1 

All prices shown are for 
U.S.A. orders. 
Call The Canadian Office 
for Canadian prices. 




Package #AAB400P Includes: 
Atari 400 16K color computer, 
410 program recorder, Basic car- 
tridge, and dust cover. 



$59.99 




Package #AAB400G Includes: 
Atari 400 16K color computer, 
822 thermal printer, 20 assorted 
game cartridges, 482 The 
Educator (410 program recorder. 
Atari Basic cart.. States & 
Capitals program cassette). 



$119.99 




Package #AAB800P Includes: 
Atari 800 48K color computer, 
810 disk drive, 410 program 
recorder, Basic cartridge, box of 
10 disks, and dust cover. 



$239.00 




Package #AAB1200P Includes: 
Atari 1200XL 64K color computer, 
810 disk drive, 825 printer, 
850 interface. 



$379.00 



WARRANTIES 

AAB1200W 1-yr. warranty for 
AAB1200P pkg. 

$99.99 

AAB800W 1-yr. warranty for 
AAB800P pkg. 

$69.«>o 

AAB400W 1-yr. warranty for 
AAB400P pkg. 

$39.oo 

AAB1200W 1-yr. warranty for 
AAB400G pkg. 

$69.00 
NOTE 

All items sold "as is" with a 15 
day exchange policy. Units 
available for sale for the most part 
do not have instruction manuals 
and/or original packaging. Some 
units may have minor cosmetic 
damage. All units are in new 
working condition. 
Ail items are in Limited Quantities. 



$2.99each 

(Minimum of 3) 



AAB4013 ASTEROIDS 

AAB8130 CAVERNS OF MARS 

AAB4020 CENTIPEDE 

AAB4025 DEFENDER 

AABB026 DIG DUG 

AAB8031 DONKEY KONQ 

AAB8039 EASTERN FRONT 

AAB8030 E.T. 

AAB4024 GAU\XIAN 

AAB4012 MISSILE COMMAND 

AAB4022 PAC MAN 

AAB4027 QIX 

AAB4008 SPACE INVADERS 

AAB4011 STAR RAIDERS 
AAB4006 SUPER BREAKOUT 

AAB4010 3-D TIC-TAC-TOE 

AAB8045 MUSIC COMPOSER 

AAB8045 PENGO 

AAB8029 FOOTBALL 

AAB8057 TYPO ATTACK 

AAB8033 ROBOTRON 

AAB8034 POLE POSITION 

AAB8042 TENNIS 

AABB043 MS PACMAN 

AAB8044 JOUST 

AABS049 JUNGLE HUNT 

AAB4009 CHESS 

(Repackaged without inslruclions) 




ATARI 

400 
Computers $39,90 

ATARI 

800 

48K 

'09«^® Computers 

ATARI 

1200XL 

64K 
Computers ^09b^* 





ACCESSORIES 




ATARI 

^__ } 822 

Thermal 

5 19.99 Printer 

ATARI 

410 
Program 
Recorder $14.99 

INTERFACES 

Digital Devices 

DDA01 549.99 

DDA02 559.99 

DDA02 S69.80 

Curtis 

Safety Strip S19.S5 

Bit 3 

Full View 80 
(80 col. carcl)....S179.»«' 

RAIVI BOARDS 

Axlon 32K S39.99 

Axion 48K* S74.9* 

Axlon 128K S249.00 

'Expand your Atari 400 to a full 48K 
AtariAABCX853 16K S9.99 

PROGRAMMER KIT 

Includes Basic, Self-teaching 
Book, and Reference Manual. 

SI 9.99 

EDUCATOR KIT 

Includes 410 Program Recorder, 
Atari Basic and the Educational 
cassette States and Capitals. 

S24.99 

JOYSTICK SPECIALS 

Wico Boss S14.99 

Wico Original Red BallS34.99 
Quickshoot Controller. ,S4.99 
ATARI CX30 Paddles ...99« 

SOFTWARE SPECIALS 
Atari 
Atari 
Atari 
Atari 
Atari 



Basic S14.B9 

Writer S14.99 

Pilot S9.99 

Logo S9.99 

Assembler Editor. S9.99 



ATARF 

850 
$99,99 interface 

ATARI 

1030 
iViODEM $59.99 

ATARI 835 
Direct Modem 
$39.99 



Printers 

Model Model 

550 1 00 

$259.00 $139.00 

Model 846 

Interface $59.99 



XtlN/UDEK 

Color 300 

$199.00 



NEC 

Color 1215 
$239.00 




INDUS 
ATARI 

GT 

Disk Drive $239.00 

SS/SD DISKETTES 

Maxell S14.99 

Nashua *11.»» 

(Pack o^ \^) 






REVIEW 






COMPUTER EYES 
DIGITAL VISION, INC. 
14 Oak Street, Suite 2 
Needham, MA 02192 
(617) 444-9040 
$129.95 & $4.00 shipping 
1-year parts & labor warranty 
$399.95 & $9.00 shipping 
includes b/w camera 
90-day warranty on camera 

by Arthur Leyenberger 

How would you like to be able to digi- 
tize video images of yourself, friends or 
any other person or object? I know what 
you're thinking: a video digitizer for the 
Atari computer probably costs hundreds 
of dollars. 

You may be surprised to learn that a 
video capture system which will allow 
you to capture any video image from a 
VCR,, videodisk or video camera and dis- 
play it on your 8-bit Atari is available for 
only $130, 

Meet Computer Eyes from Digital Vi- 
sion. This video acquisition system lets 
you capture a graphics 7+ or graphics 
8 image and use it with such programs 
as the Koala Micro Illustrator, Atari Art- 
ist and Datasoft's Micropainter. 

Files saved by Computer Eyes are in 
uncompressed format, so that they will 
work directly with Micropainter and the 
Atari Light Pen. To use the files with ei- 
ther the Atari or Koala touch tablet or the 
Koala Light Pen, they must first be con- 
verted to compressed format. 
How does it work? 

The Computer Eyes interface box is a 
little larger than a pack of cigarettes. 
This little black box is connected via fwo 
cables to joystick ports 1 and 2. Then, 
your video source is comiected to the 
box via an RCA phono jack. That's all 
there is to the hardware interfacing. 

Next, the Computer Eyes software is 
loaded from disk. Called XEC (for execu- 
tive), this BASIC program with machine 
language routines is easy (o use and 
menu driven. 

Once the program menu is on-screen, 
there are two things you must do to get 
the system up and running. The first 




Computer Eyes. 



procedure is to adjust the SYNC control 
knob on the unit, so that tlie Atari is syn- 
chronized with your video source. All 
you do is turn the knob in either direc- 
tion until the words in s\'n(: appear on 
the screen. 

The second procedure is to adjust the 
brightness level with the "brightness" 
knob on the interface box. The sensitiv- 
ity adjustment is done by giving another 
menu command and observing the suc- 
cessive image scans on the screen. Al- 
though the image may appear distorted 
on the screen, there's nothing to worry 
about, since your objective is to get the 
correct balance between "too light" and 
"too dark." 

Once the sync and brightness t^ontrols 



have been adjusted properly, you can be- 
gin capturing images. There are five dif- 
ferent captrrre commands available, and 
each requires a different amount of time 
to perform. Table 1 describes the differ- 
ent capture modes and their related in- 
formation. 

One of the idiosyncracies of the Com- 
puter Eyes pi'Ogram is that different cap- 
ture commands reciuire different bright- 
ness levels. For example, if you adjust 
the brightness control to yield a good 
image with a normal scan, you may 
have to readjust the brightness level if 
you then want to do an 8-level scan. 

In addition to five capture modes. 
Computer Eyes allows you to save and 
retrieve files from disk, obtain a catalog 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 53 



E^ 



^ Review continued 



of files currently on the disk and get on- 
line help for any menu conunands. 

The 20-page manual is well written 
and provides all of the information that 
you're likely to need. There's even a sec- 
tion on the theory of operation and what 
to do in case of difficulty. 

The only criticism I have of Computer 
Eyes is a minor one and easily fixed. The 
two cables that connect to the joystick 
ports are too short. When using an XI^ 
or XE which has the joystick ports on 
the side of the computer, it's not a big 
problem. But, with a 400 or 800 whose 
ports are on the front, I find there's no 
place to put the interface unit; I have no 
space in front of my Atari 800. 

One caveat when performing video 
scans that require longer exposures is 
that any movement of the subject will 
result in a blurred image. This isn't sig- 
nificant when capturing freeze-framed 
videotape or laser disk images, but us- 
ing a video camera for "live" scanning 
may be a problem. 

Just about any screen dump program 
may be used to print the graphics 8 im- 
ages on a dot-matrix printer. However, 
the graphics 7.5 images may require pri- 
or conversion to standard Micropainter 
picture file format. Also, when using the 
Koala or Atai-i touch tablets, images may 
be loaded by pressing the CLEAR key 
when the Micro Illustrator is on the 
screen. To do this, you must have first 
saved the digitized image to a filename 
called "Picture." 

Dave Pratt of Digital Vision told me 
an interesting story. He said that Com- 
puter Eyes first came out for the Apple 



Computer Eyes 
sample printout. 

(Gizmo courtesy of 
ANALOG Computing 
technical staff.) 




computer, then the Commodore C-64 
and, finally, the Atari. He said the com- 
pany had underestimated the demand 
for this type of product by the Atari user 
community, especially since Atari users 
are far more graphically oriented than 
others. If he had it to do over again, the 
Atari version would have been released 
first. 

Dave also told me that software which 
will allow you to use Computer Eyes 
screens with Broderbund's Print Shop 
will be forthcoming for the Atari. A ver- 
sion of Computer Eyes will be available 
for the Atari ST computer sometime in 
the near future, although no exact date 
has been given. With the 400x600 pix- 
el resolution on this machine, the ST 



version should be truly incredible. 

Computer Eyes isn't a true digital im- 
age processor, in that it cannot do any 
noise reduction, edge detection or im- 
age enhancement. However, in its role 
as a video acquisition system, it per- 
forms well and offers the Atari owner a 
imique and fun addition to computing 
capabilities. G 

Arthur Leyenberger is a human fac- 
iors psychologist and free-lance ivrifer 
living in New Jersey. He has been an 
Atari enthusiast for /our years. When not 
computing, he enjoys playing wilh ro- 
botic toys. 







Table 1 






Capture Mode 

N (Normal) 


Time Required for Scan 

6 seconds 


Graph 


ics Mode 

8 


Comments 

Screen blanks during capture for 
this and all other modes. 


4 (4-level) 


25 seconds 




8 


Image generated from four 
high-contrast images 
corresponding to different gray 
levels. 


8 (8-level] 

H (High contrast) 


50 seconds 
18 seconds 




8 

7.5 


Uses 8 synthesized gray levels. 
Best mode for printing on a 
dot-matrix printer. 

Provides four solid gray levels at 
the expense of horizontal 
resolution. 


L (Low contrast) 


18 seconds 




7.5 


Different threshold values are 
used than high contrast image. 



PAGE 54 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



ATARI BONANZA 
POWER WITHOUT THE PRICE 



Listed below are computers, peripherals, 
software, video games and special pack- 
age offers at incredibly low, ATARI-factory 
prices. Now you, or someone you know. 



can own a brand-new Atari system or 
add exciting software to an already exist- 
ing library, at tremendous savings! 



SPECIALS 



LEARNING SYSTEM 

800XL Computer with 64K, 
1010 Program Cassette Recorder, 
Music Composer software, 
Speed Reading courseware and 
tapes, Touch Typing, States 
and Capitols, 
Invitations to 
Programming 1 



HOME MANAGER SYSTEM 

130XE Computer with 128K 
RAM, 1050 Disk Drive with DOS 
2.5 and Ramdisl< utility. Home 
Manager Kit including Family 
Finances soft- 
ware and Home 
Filing Manager 



$149. 



99 



reg. $230 
SAVE $80 



$34999 

reg. $375 
SAVE $25 



PERSONAL 
PRODUCTIVITY SYSTEM 

8OOXL computer with 84K RAM, 
1050 Disk Drive with DOS 2.5, 
AtariWriter professional word 
processing software, VisiCalc 
spreadsheet financial calculator, TimeWise 

personal 
scheduler 



99 



5299. 

reg. $385 
SAVE $85 



/ TO ORDER: \;^ 

' Use handy order blank \ 



• or use blank paper and list products I 
[ to be purchased, part #'s, and • 
. enc\ose payment. / 

\ BUT PLEASE ACT NOW. ORDERS 

ARE ON A FIRST COME BASIS. / 
INVENTORIES FOR MANY 



\ 



\ 



OF THE SPECIALS 
ARE UMITED! 



y 



/ 



POSTERS 




Stargate 


$3.99 


Getaway 


3.99 


Atari Age 


3.99 


Silicon Valley 


3.99 


Pole Position 


3.99 


Space Station 


3.99 


Final Legacy 


3.99 


Future Maker 


3.99 


Lucasfilm 


3.99 



FINANCIAL/EDUCATIONAL/ — 
RECREATIONAL COMPUTER KITS 



BASIC TUTOR ADD-A- 

PACK-KX7099 

Invitation to Prog. I, II, Inside 
Atari Basic Book, 101 
Programming Tips & Tricks 
with Cassette 

HOME MGR. KIT-CX418 

Family Finances Home Filing Mgr 

ARCADE CHAMP-KX7102 

Pac Man & Qix in cartridge 
holder. 2 X-Y 
Joystick Controllers 

EDUCATOR KIT-CX482 

410 Recorder, 
Basic Cart, States 
& Capitals 



99 



$19. 



$24,99 
$19.99 



$19. 



99 



2600 and 5200 PACKAGES 



2600 
CX22 
CX26118 
CX2676 

2600 

CX2675 

CX2684 

CX2691 

CX2692 

5200 
CX5203 
CX5240 
CX5221 

5200 
CX55 



CX5203 
CX2675 



Videogame Console 

TrakBall 

Millipede 

Centipede PgK, 



Videogame 
Mx. Pac-Man 
Galaxian 
Joust 
Moon Patrol 



Save $25 

1 569.99 



Pkg. 2 



Save $48 
$69.99 



Videogame Console 

Super Breakout 

Joust 

Berzerk Pkg. 

Videogame Console 
VCS Cartridge Adaptor- 
enables you to play all 
2600 software 
Super Breakout 
Ms. Pac-Man Pkg 



Save $37 

1 S89.99 

Save $45 

2 599.99 



POWER WITHOUT THE PRICE 



COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR 800, 600 XL, 800 XL, 130 XE PERSONAL COMPUTERS 



BUSINESS AND PRODUCTIVITY 




Word Processor 






RX8036 Atariwriter 


Cart 


$39.99 


Spreadsheet 






DX5049 VisiCalc 


Disk 


29.99 


Database 






CX415 Home File Manager 


Disk 


24.99 


ACW250 Codewriter 


Disk 


49.99 


C\A/H200 Filewriter 


Disk 


29.99 


CWR200 Reportwriter 


Disk 


29.99 


CWM200 Menuwriter 


Disk 


29.99 


Home Finances 






CX421 Family Finance 


Disk 


$29.99 


CWHI200 Home Integrator 


Disk 


29.99 


CX418 Home Manager Kit 


Disk 


59.99 


Accounting 






CWBI200 Small Business Inv. 


Disk 


$14.99 


CWSE200 Salesman's Expenses 


Disk 


14.99 


CWRP200 Accls. Recv/Payable 


Disk 


14.99 


CWRI200 Retail Invoice 


Disk 


14.99 


Calendar 






DX5047 Timewise 


Disk 


$14.99 



EDUCATION 






Music 








CXL4007 


Music Composer 


Cart 


$24.99 


AX2020 


Music 1 


Disk 


24.99 


AX2026 


Music II 


Disk 


24.99 


Computer Skills 






CX483 


Programmer Kit 


Cart 


$39.99 


CX4101 


Invite to Prog. 1 


Tape 


7.50 


CX4106 


Invite to Prog. II 


Tape 


7.50 


CX4117 


Invite to Prog. Ill 


Tape 


7.50 


KX7099 


Basic Tutor Kit 


Tape 


19.99 


Physical Sciences 






AED80013 


AtariLab Starter Kit 








w/Temp. Module 


Cart 


$59.99 


AED80014 


AtariLab Light Mod. 


Cart 


39.99 


CX4123 


Scram 


Tape 


16.99 


Language 


Arts 






RX8059 


Skyw/riter 


Cart 


$17.99 


CX4118 


Convrstnl. German 


Tape 


17.99 


CX4119 


Convrstnl. French 


Tape 


17.99 


CX4120 


Convrstnl. Spanish 


Tape 


17.99 


CX4125 


Convrstnl. Italian 


Tape 


17.99 


CX8135 


My First Alphabet 


Disk 


17.99 


General 








CX4100 


Touch Type 


Tape 


$16.99 


CX4126 


Speed Reader 


Tape 


24.99 


RX8057 


Typo Attack 


Cart 


17.99 


Early Learning Skills 






CX8137 


Juggles Rainbow 


Disk 


19.99 


CX8138 


Juggles House 


Disk 


19.99 


Creative 








DX5048 


Paint 


Cart 


$24.99 


^/'"■■■■'^^■' 









UTILITIES AND LANGUAGES 


KX7097 


Logo Kit 


Cart $49.99 


CXL4018 


Pilot 


Cart 39.99 


AX2025 


Microsoft II 


Cart/Disk 29.99 


CXL4003 


Assam/Editor 


Cart 24.99 


CX8121 


Macro Assembler 


Disk 24.99 


CX8126 


Microsoft Basic 1 


Disk 59.99 



RECREATION ~ 
Action Games 

CXL4013 Asteroids 



CXL4004 

CXL4020 

RX8030 

CXL4024 

CXL4012 

CXL4027 

CXL4008 

CXL4011 

CXL4006 

RX8021 

CXL4025 

RX8044 

RX8049 

RX8048 

RX8052 

CXL4022 

RX8045 

RX8033 

RX8026 

RX8043 

RX8034 

RX8067 

KX7101 

KX7102 

Sports 

RX8029 
RX8042 
RX8069 



Basketball 

Centipede 

E.T 

Galaxian 

Missile Command 

Qix 

Space Invaders 

Star Raiders 

Super Breakout 

Caverns of Mars 

Defender 

Joust 

Jungle Hunt 

Millipede 

Moon Patrol 

Pac Man 

Pengo 

Robotron 

Dig Dug 

Ms. Pac Man 

Pole Position 

Final Legacy 

Entertainer Kit 

Arcade Champ Kit 

R.S. Football 

Tennis 

Track and Field 



Strategy/Adventure 

CXL4009 Chess 

RX8039 Eastern Front 

CWA200 Adventure Writer 

CWSV200 Star Voyager 



Cart 
Cart 
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CX21 Touch Pad Controllers-Alpha Nume 


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1010 


Cassette Record for 130 




XE800XL 


850 PCBA 


Interface Module (PC Board 


830 


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825 


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410 


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CX4104 


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DX5047 


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AED80033 


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6.99 


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nstruct Computing Demo 


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Music ll/Rhythm & Pitch 


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Prefixes 


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Metric & Problem Solving 


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Graphing 


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Book 


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Expeditions 


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Kangaroo 


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KIDS 




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5200 SUPERSYSTEM PRODUCTS ~ 

CX5200 Supersystem $79.99 
CX50 Keyboard Controller— Alpha 

Numeric Keypad 9.99 

CX530 TrakBall Controller 19.99 

CX55 VCS Cartridge Adaptor 24.99 



SOFTWARE 



CX5210 

CX5206 

CX5205 

0X5236 

CX5212 

CX5209 

CX5207 

CX5213 

CX5214 

CX5232 

CX5204 

CX5205 

CX5203 

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0X5215 

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CX5211 

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0X5216 



Countermeasure 

Galaxian 

Missile Command 

Pengo 

Qix 

R.S. Baseball 

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R.S. Soccer 

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Space Dungeon 

Space Invaders 

Star Raiders 

Super Breakout 

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Joust 

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Kangaroo 

Pac-Man 

Robotron 

Dig-Dug 

Ms. Pac-Man 

Pole Position 

Vanguard 



$16.99 
16.99 
16.99 
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16.99 
16.99 
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$19.99 
19.99 
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$22.99 
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REVIEW 






ATARI 1027 PRINTER 
ATARI CORP. 
Sunnyvale, CA 94086 
$349.00 



by Robert Opitz 



Atari's 1027 printer is no-frills hard- 
ware — the product that defines the bot- 
tom end in letter-quality printers. The 
1027 is housed in a black and white 
cabinet that matches the XL series of 
computers and is only 6" deep and 3" 
high. The single control, the power 
switch, is readily accessible on the top. 

The fully-formed chai'acters ai'e not on 
a daisy wheel, but on a cylinder five let- 
ters wide that rides on a rod inside the 
printer. It spins to the correct letter, and 
a small strikeplate behind the paper 
presses the paper to the print cylinder. 
The cylinder is continuously inked by 
a small, replaceable ink cartridge. 

With a single sheet of paper, the print 
quality is as good as many typewriters — 
more than adequate for most purposes. 
Compared to some dot-matrix printers, 
this is actually excellent. 

However, the ink-cartridge printing is 
limited to normal typewriter quality. It 
will not give you the quality found with 
a carbon ribbon typewriter or printer. In 
fact, if a character is printed twice in a 
row, as in the word letter, the second has 
a lighter impression. Most readers will 
not notice this. 

The printing mechanism lacks some 
of the versatility of a daisywheel print- 
er. Multiple copies can be messy, and 
printing on a file card (sometimes de- 
sirable) is almost impossible — smudges 
from neighboring letters on the print 
cylinder are more abundant than print. 

The boot-behind-the-paper method of 
printing is meant strictly for a single 
sheet of paper. The ink cartridge is also 
a problem. It doesn't last very long, com- 
pared to a ribbon, and I've had problems 
getting replacements locally. I've resort- 
ed to re-inking it with stamp pad ink, 
a messy (but cheap and workable) alter- 
native. 

What does this printer have? The ba- 




sic print mechanism with a couple of ex- 
tras. It prints bidirectionally when us- 
ing single spacing. It does have under- 
lining, and a set of characters used by 
a number of European languages. 

The 1027 does not have proportional 
spacing or subscripts and superscripts. 
A single line advance is fom- small steps, 
so the latter are theoretically possible. 
If you have a word processor that allows 
you to halt and resume printing (unfor- 
tunately, my AtariWriter does not) , you 
should be able to accomplish this. 

The printer also lacks overstrike and 
adjustable characters per inch (set at 
twelve). Of course, it doesn't have any 
graphics. And it is slow (it's rated at ten 
characters per second and requires three 
to four minutes to print a typical page) 
and very noisy. 

The 1027 is friction fed and cannot ac- 
cept a tractor attachment. You can print 
continuous sheets by feeding in perfo- 
rated paper that has been stripped of its 
tractor holes. For continuous printing 
(program listings, etc.), this works fine. 
For page-oriented printouts (word pro- 
cessing), the paper isn't exactly in reg- 
ister. It often requires some changes of 
the page length control and adjustment 
of the paper while you print. 

Most of the shortcomings cannot be 
criticized, as Atari's apparent purpose 
has been to produce the least expensive 



Atari 1027 Printer. 



letter-quality printer possible. However, 
a few items demand criticism. 

First, there's the paper slot. It's just 
wide enough for a standard sheet. It 
would have been nice if they had 
designed the slot a little wider, so that, 
when you print out a letter, you can put 
a business envelope in and print out the 
address. 

The character used as an apostrophe 
is actually an accent mark. This allows 
Atari to easily include the international 
chai-acter set, but proves difficult in Eng- 
lish. 

The 1027 is an adequate printer at a 
good price. If you need more speed in 
printing, or special features like super- 
scripts, or are willing to spend another 
two hundred dollars, this probably isn't 
the printer for you. 

But, if, like me, you need letter qual- 
ity and cannot afford most letter-quality 
printers, it can be a worthwhile invest- 
ment. It can even be an ideal second 
printer for someone who already has a 
fast dot-matrix printer and would like 
letter quality occasionally. D 

Robert Opitz is a chemist who became 
interested in microcomputers five years 
ago — he discovered word processing 
while writing his thesis. He is a three- 
year Atari owner. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 59 



ATARf 



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ATARI HARDWARE 
PACKAGES 

Alan 520 ST Computer Pkg. # 1 
Atari SM 124 Monoctirome Monitor 
Atari SF 354 (3'/2') Floppy Disk Drive 



Atari 520 ST Computer Pkg. #2 
Alan SC 1224 (t2" RGB) Color Monitor 
Atari SF 354 (3'/2') Floppy Disk Drive 



Alan 800 X/L Computer Pkg. #3 
Atari 1050 Disk Drive 



Call For Our Low Prices 



DISK DRIVES 

Alan 1050 

Indus GT (Free Software) 
Atari SF 354 |3'/!" 

floppy disk 500K) ,. 

Alan SH 317 O'/z" 

tiarddisk 10 MB) 
Happy Enhancement lor Atari 

810 and 1050 Drives . . 
PRINTERS 
AtanXTM 201 

Atari XTC 201 

Atari XDM 121 _ 

Alan XMM 801 

Alan ST 504 

EPSON PRINTERS 
LX-80 (80 column) 
LX-80 Tractor Feed 

Epson FX-80+ (80 col) 

STAR MICRONICS PRINTERS 

SG-10 (80 column) 

SG-15 (136 column) 

SD-10 (80 column) 

SR-10 (80 column) 

Powerlype Datsyv^heel 

Powertype Tractor Feed 
PANASONIC PRINTERS 

KX- 1090 

KX- 1091 

KX-1092 

Okimale 10 plus plug n prin! 

PRINTER INTERFACE CABLES 

MPP-MicropnnI 

MPP-1150 Parallel Prmler 

Interface 

U-Prim A 

A- 16 Interface/Buffer 

APE FaceXLP 

APE Face I2XLP 

Microbits Microstuffer 

MPP-1151 

PRINTER RIBBONS 

Gemini Printers (Black) 

Gemini Printers (Blue/Red/ 

Purple/Brn/Grn.) 

Epson Printers (80) Series) 



CALL 

FOR 

NEW 

PRICES 



CALL 

FOR 

NEW 

PRICES 



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FOR 

PRICES 



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FOR 

PRICES 



39 

59 
69 
99 
59 
59 
109 
62 



FLOPPY DISKS AS LOW AS 590 EACH 

'3!SKETTES(2 box minimum) 1 per box 



# Boxes 



Generic (SKC) 



3-6 



7- 10 



SS/DD 
9^ 



1.99 



7.99 



DS/DD 



11.99 



10.99 



9.99 



Wabash 



SS/DD 



13.99 



12.99 



11.99 



DS/DD 



19.99 



19.49 



18.99 



Maxell 



SS/SD 



18.99 



17.99 



16.99 



DS/DD 



Panasonic Printers. Black 8 

Panasonic Printers. Color 11 

MONITORS 

Alan XC 141 (14" Composite 

Color) 
Atari XM 148(12" CALL 

Monoctirome. 80 column FOR 

low resolution) PRICES 

AlariSM 124 (12" 

Monoctirome. 80 column 

tiigt) resolution) 
Atari SC 1224 (12" RGB Color) 
Sanyo 12" Green Screen 79 

Sanyo 12" AmOer Screen 79 

Monilor Cable 5 

Teknika 13" Color IvlJ 10 1 89 

MODEMS 

Alan 1030 Direct 300 BAUD 69 

Alan XM 301 Direct 

Connect 300 BAUD CALL 

MPP-IOOOE Modem 79 

Signalman XII Modem ... 199 

R-Veiter 39 

CompuServe Starter Kit 21 

850 Interface 114 

Anadex (Hayes Compatible) 239 

UPGRADES/ACCESSORIES 

Flip n' File 10 4 

Flipn' File 15 7 

Original Flip n' File 50 14 

Flip n' File Cart Case 1 2 

Library Casest 10 colors) 4 

Disk Bank/5 (Holds 50) 12 

Disk Bank (Holds 101 5 

Power Strip (6 outlet) 16 

Lineguard Spike Suppressor 13 

Disk Drive Cleaning Kit 6 

MicroMate Paper 

(20# 540 stieet.sl 
Printer Stand iwire) 
Dust Covers 
Disk Coupler (nolct') 



10 
16 

Call lor availability 
3 



UPGRADES: 

Ram Rod X/L VV/Omniinon 

Omniview lor 800 XL 

US Doubler 

MPP64 K 

R-Time 8 Carlfidge , ... 



99 
49 
59 
69 
59 



SOFTWARE 

NEW ATARI PROGRAMS 

Codewriter 39 

Filewriter 21 

Reportwriter 21 

fvlenuwriter 21 

Home Integrator 20 

Smalt Business Inventory 12 

Salesman's Expenses 12 

Accounts Rec. /Pay 1? 

Retail Invoice 1 'j 

Final Legacy 15 

Adventure Writer 18 

Star Voyager 12 

EPYX 

Dragonriders of Pern (D) 21 

Summer Games 28 

Pitstop II (Dl 28 

Ballblazer (D) 28 

Rescue on Fractalus (D) 28 

Temple of Apstiai (D) 21 

ACCESS 

BeachHeadlDj 24 

ACTIVISION 

Decathalon (R) 18 

Pitfall II (R) 18 

Space Shuttle (R) 18 

Ghost Busters (D) , ... 22 

BATTERIES INCLUDED 

Paperclip (D) 41 

Homepak 35 

B/Graph 48 

BRODERBUND 

Prinlshop (D) 31 

Spelunker(DI 21 

Stealth (D) 21 

Whistler's Brother (D) 21 

DATASOFT 

Bruce Lee 28 

Dallas Quest 24 

Conan 28 

Letter Wizard 52 

ELECTRONIC ARTS 

Archon (D) 18 

Pinball Construction (D) 18 

lyl.U L E.(D) 18 

Murder/Zinderneuf (D) 18 

One on One (D) 25 

Archon II (D) 25 

Music Construction (D) 18 

Realm/Impossibility (D) 18 

Hard Hal Mack 14 

Seven Cities of Gold 25 

Cu! and Paste 18 




27.00 



26.00 



25.00 



COMPLETE LINE OF ATARI SOFTWARE 
CALL IF YOUR PROGRAM IS NOT LISTED!! 



INFOCOM 

Cut Throats ID) 24 

Deadline (D) 31 

Enchanter (D) 24 

Hitchhil<er's Guide to 

the Galaxy (D) 24 

Infidel (D) 28 

PlanetfalllD) 24 

Sea Stalker (D) 24 

Sorcerer (D) 28 

Starcross(D) 31 

Suspect (D) 28 

Suspended (D) 31 

Witness (D) 24 I 

Zork I (D) 24 

Zork II or III (D) 28 

Invisiclues Hint Books 7 j 

MICROPROSE 

F-15 Strike Eagle(D) 24 



fVlig Alley Ace (D) ,. 

Solo Flight (Dl 

Kennedy Approach 



24 
24 
24 



Action (R) 50 

Action Tool Kit (D) 19 

Basic XL (R| 38 

DOSXL(D) 19 

Basic XE 50 



fvlaces (R) 


50 


Mac/65 Tool Kit(D) 




Writer's Toot Kit 


45 


Basic XL Tool Kit 


19 


ORIGIN 




Ultima l|;(D) 


42 


SCARBOROUGH 




Masterlype 


28 


Net Wonh 


55 


SIERRA ON LINE 




Ultima 1 


24 


Ultima II .. . . 


41 


SYNAPSE 




Quasimodo 


. 17 


Alley Cat _ 


14 


Syn-File + 


35 


Syn-Calc 


35 






Syn-ComiTi 


28 


Syn-Stock 


28 


Mindwheel (needs 2 drives) 


Call 



TRONIX 

SAIvl 



To order call TOLL FREE 

1-800-824-7506 



ORDER LINE ONLY 



COMPUTER CREATIONS, Inc. 

P.O. BOX 493 - DAYTON, OHIO 45459 

For information, order inquiries, or for Ohio orders (513) 435-6868 

Order Lines Open9:OOamlo9'OOp.m.Mon.Fri,:10amlo4.00pmSaL(EasternStandardTime),tv1inimumS15per order COD (add S3.00). Please specify computersyslem Call 
toll free number to verify prices and availability ol product Prices and availability are subiect lo change without notice We ship C Q D to Continental U S addresses onlyi Hardware 

ide 
5% shipping, {min 




requires additional freight charges (min^ $4.00^ Software and accessories add S3.00 shipping and handling in Continental U.S. Actual freight will be charged outside U S lo inclui 

Canada. Alaska Hawaii, PuertoR,coandAPO^Ohioresidenlsadd6%salestax.Canadianordersadd5%shipping,(min $5,00). All other(ore,gnorders.pleaseaddl5%s^^^^^ 
S10)l^or.,,-r^ed.aeaen^-r,,.e„dcash,e,scheckmoney order or direct bank transfers P 

lo our ow pnces al So.^-. are 'na. MO CREDITS All defective returns must have a return authorization number Please call (513) 435-6868 to obtain an RA« or your return will not b. 



rffc 



CIRCLE #131 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



TUTORIAL 



^ 



Printers 
Revisited 



by Jim Pirisino 



The purpose of this article is, in part, 
to define and describe the best printers 
available in a reasonable price range for 
your microcomputer The best printers 
would maximize performance-to-price 
ratio. There are three types of printers 
to consider: letter-quality, thermal, or 
dot-matrix. 

Letter-quality. 

A letter-quality printer is a tjrpewriter- 
quality printer. A letter-quality printer 
contains the same type of printing ele- 
ment as a good electric typewriter, such 
as a type-ball, thimble, or daisy wheel. 

A letter-quality printer is an impact 
printer; a preformed character strikes an 
inked ribbon to print the character on 
paper 

These printers come in three distinct 
price/performance ranges. Those cost- 
ing over $1800 are full-featured, busi- 
ness printers that provide high through- 
put reliability, as well as speed (greater 
than 40 characters/second). 

The mid-range letter-quality printers 
costing $1000-$1800 are fast (20-45 chai-- 
acters/second), reliable at a moderate 
throughput, and have many features. 
Low-cost letter-quality printers ($400- 
$800) are quite slow (13-20 characters/ 
second), are limited in features, and are 
not recommended for high throughput. 



Letter-quality printers are usually con- 
sidered absolutely necessary for formal 
business correspondence, because the 
print quality is on a par with typewriter 
quality. 

These printers may produce "letter 
quality," but otherwise they: are expen- 
sive, slow, big (take up a lot of office 
space), require a lot of maintenance, 
have limited features, and are heavy 
(nontransportable) . 

Therefore, the only reason to consider 
purchasing a letter-quality printer is to 
obtain typewriter quality. Everyone who 
has a letter-quality printer should also 
consider having a dot-matrix printer. 
The two can be connected to the com- 
puter at the same time to let you enjoy 
the benefits of the dot-matrix printer for 
50-90% of your business printing, then 
switch to letter-quality when necessary. 

Thermal. 

The thermal printer uses a special 
treated paper which usually comes on 
a roll. It forms a character on this spe- 
cial paper by burning off the coating. 
The characters formed are dot-matrix 
characters; they consist of closely placed 
dots. This type of printer has one great 
advantage and one very large disadvan- 
tage. 

The important advantage of a thermal 
printer is that it is virtually noiseless. 
Letter-quality and dot-matrix printers 
are both very noisy. However, the disad- 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



vantage of requiring nonstandard paper 
negates the advantage of noiseless oper- 
ation. The specially treated paper is in- 
appropriate for any correspondence and, 
in fact, has a tendency to deteriorate over 
time. 

Another advantage to thermal printers 
is their price. But the price differential 
between a thermal printer and a full- 
featured dot-matrix printer is too small 
to justify the former's purchase. 

The thermal printer could be useful 
when printing material for yourself late 
at night, or might be useful in a class- 
room where thermal paper may be toler- 
ated. If price is your main concern, it 
would still be wiser to save for an extra 
six months to get the full-featured dot- 
matrix printer, rather than get a thermal 
printer. 

Dot Matrix. 

The dot-matrix printer is an impact 
printer. Instead of preformed characters 
on a daisy wheel, the dot-matrix printer 
head consists of a single column of tiny 
round- or square-faced impact rods. 

The Epson FX print head consists of 
nine of these rods, one above the other. 
The rods are individually controlled. 
When "fired," the rods are forced for- 
ward and strike the ribbon against the 
paper to form one or more dots in a sin- 
gle column. If all nine rods are fired, a 
single column of dots will be printed on 
the page, like this: 

OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 61 



1 Printers Revisited contiirued 



How does a dot-matrix printer work? In 
a letter-quality printer, chai'acters are print- 
ed in a single printing event. This is not 
the case with a dot-matrix printer. Since 
it can print only a single column of dots 
at a time, a character that is nine dot posi- 
tions wide will require nine individual 
printing events. For example: 




Here is the letter W. In the first print 
position, the top six rods are fired, pro- 
ducing six dots; in the second print po- 
sition, only the seventh rod is fired to 
produce a dot at the bottom, etc. The im- 
portant concept is that any combination 
of dots may be produced at any print po- 
sition. 

Notice that two print positions are 
equal to the width of one dot on the Ep- 
son FX. To put it another way, the letter 
W shown above contains nine print po- 
sitions in dots for the width of one char- 
acter. All printers' characters are the 
same width, ten characters per inch (or 
"pica" size), yet most dot- matrix printers 
use a different number of dots or dif- 
ferent dot patterns to create these char- 
acters. 

What is a dot matrix? 

A matrix is a mathematical term used 
to describe a group or array of elements 
(numbers, dots, etc.) which are EU'ranged 
in a fixed number of rows and columns. 
A dot matrix describes a number of rows 
and columns where dots can be placed 
to form a character. As a general rule: 
the more dots that are used to form a 
character, the better the quality or ap- 
pearance that character will have. 

The goal that the dot-matrix printer 



is trying to reach is to create a charac- 
ter that appears as close to letter quality 
as possible. Characters formed by dots 
inherently will not have the smooth, 
continuous, rounded look of a letter- 
quality character, since closely placed 
dots will have spaces between them, and 
the romided parts of letters will be bro- 
ken and appear blocklike. Shown here 
are the dot matrices used by two differ- 
ent printers. 

The characters produced on the Ep- 
son FX are designed to fit in a dot ma- 
trix consisting of nine columns (nine 
print positions) and nine rows. This is 
called a 9x9 dot matrix. The Prowriter 
characters are designed to fit in a 7x9 dot 
matrix (seven columns and nine rows) . 

By printing at half-dot intervals, the 
dot-matrix printer can produce a more 
well defined character, one tliat is sharp- 
er and clearer, with less visible space be- 
tween the dots. 













1 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 

7 
8 
9 



























































































































































13 5 7 9 
2 4 6 8 

9X9 
Epson FX 



13 5 7 
2 4 6 

7x9 

Prowriter 
8510A 



Although the Epson FX and the Pro- 
writer can produce a single column of 
dots that is nine dots high, almost all of 
the characters produced are only seven 
dots high. The upper case letters use the 
top seven dots, and the lower case let- 
ters use the bottom seven dots. 




EPSON FX — 9 X 9. 

Notice that using the top seven and 
bottom seven dots in this manner allows 
the printing of some lower case letters 
that dip below the rest of the characters. 
These letters, g, j, p, q and y, possess 



lower case "descenders." This is one of 
the features of a dot matrix that distin- 
guishes a good dot matrix from an in- 
expensive dot matrix. 

Dot-matrix printer features. 

As opposed to letter-quality printers, 
dot-matrix printers are inexpensive, fast, 
compact, relatively maintenance free, 
loaded with features, light, transport- 
able, and (in some cases) portable. 

The two most important features of 
the dot-matrix printer for most people 
are price and speed. These are the fea- 
tures that make these printers so attrac- 
tive. 

Full-featured dot-matrix printers cost 
between $250-$599 witli speeds from 80 
to 160 characters per second. Most peo- 
ple who buy a printer for their micro- 
computer will buy a dot-matrix printer. 
Generally speaking, full-featured dot- 
matrix printers are less expensive than 
the least expensive letter-quality printers 
and faster than the most e.xpensive letter- 
quality printers. 

Full-featured dot-matrix printers have 
the following print capabilities. 

(1) They can print all of the let- 
ters, numbers and other characters 
fomid on a standard typewriter. 

(2) They can print all of these 
characters in several sizes (widths). 
The normal width is ten characters 
per inch (cpi). The most popular 
additional widths are double width 
(5 cpi) and condensed width (17 
cpi). 

(3) They can print all of these 
char-acters, in the various widths, in 
several densities. By striking each 
character twice or more, the density 
of dots and the quality of the char- 
acter is increased. Some of these 
printing modes are called "bold," 
"emphasized" and "double strike." 

(4) They can print the standard 
typewriter characters in additional 
styles other than the normal dot- 
matrix characters. Some optional 
styles on popular printers are ital- 
ics, correspondence quality (near 
letter quality), proportional spacing 
and half-height characters for sub- 
scripts and superscripts. These are 
additional styles that are already 
programmed into the memory of 
the printer and are available to the 
user when the printer is pru-chased. 

(5) They are capable of printing 
the standard typewriter characters 
in newly designed styles or fonts 
other than those provided by the 



PAGE 62 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



manufacturer. These new fonts can 
be designed by the individual or 
purchased, either on disk (software) 
or on an interface card (firmware). 

(6) They can print other charac- 
ters not found on typewriter key- 
boards. Optional characters include 
Greek characters, graphics or block 
characters, foreign characters, spe- 
cial character sets like the IBM set. 

(7) They are capable of printing 
high-resolution graphics pictures. 
Graphic images consisting of dots 
as seen on a TV or monitor can be 
reproduced on a dot-matrix printer. 

(8) They can print on computer 
or continuous form paper, as well 
as single sheets of paper, without 
any additional costs. 

(9) They can control precise form 
spacing, for line spacing and hori- 
zontal and vertical tabbing. 

Each full-featured dot-matrix printer 
has the above capabilities, but each has 
its own, unique combination of features. 
Most can print 5, 10 and 17 cpi, but 
others can also print 6 and 12 cpi. Some 
print 4.5, 7.5, 9 and 15 cpi, and still 
others even print 6.7 and 13.4 cpi. 

The switch from one print style to an- 
other is accomplished by sending the 
printer instructions, which are called 
CONTROL or ESCAPE codes, or ASCII 
values. With these commands, the print- 
er can switch different printing modes 
on and off without stopping, to create 
appealing pages of varied text styles. 

A letter-quality printer, on the other 
hand, may advertise over 150 kinds of 
printwheels available, but changing the 
styles in the middle of a page requires 
that printing stop and that you physical- 
ly remove the old printwheel and re- 
place it with the new printwheel — and 
vice versa, to return to the normal style. 

Inexpensive and more expensive. 

Most of the dot-matrix printers avail- 
able today fall in the $250-$599 price 
range, so we'll discuss this group. 

The most popular, less expensive dot- 
matrix printer is one manufactured by 
Seikosha of Japan. This particulai' print- 
er has been "cloned" often and has ap- 
peared in the American market as the 
Commodore 1525, the Leading Edge 
Gorilla Banana, the Seikosha GPlOOA, 
and probably many others. The Gorilla 
Banana is now being sold by DAK In- 
dustries of Canoga Park, California. 

The less expensive dot-matrix printers 
cost between $129 (DAK's Gorilla Ba- 
nana) and $299. They have very few dots 



per character, using a 5x7 dot matrix. 
There is a lot of space between dots, and 
there are no lower case descenders as 
previously described. 

These printers use computer or con- 
tinuous feed paper, and not single sheets 
or letterhead. They print graphics at 480 
dots per line, whereas the Epson FX can 
print 480, 960 or 1920 dots per Hne. 

These models have almost none of the 
printing features explained earlier Since 
the full-featured Gemini lOX printer re- 
tails for only $399 (and can be found 
discounted to $219-$249), there is no 
reason, in today's market, to settle for 
one of these inexpensive printers. 

The expensive dot-matrix printers can 
cost $799-$2995 or more. These are sim- 
ply bigger, heavier and faster. Some fea- 
tiues are even sacrificed to attain speeds 
in excess of 200 cps. The only other fea- 
ture that makes these printers "better" 
than those in the $250-$599 range is the 
available "near letter quality" printing 
modes that many of them have. 



The Epson and compatibility. 

The Epson has become the unofficial 
standard in the industry, against which 
other dot-matrix printers are compared. 
Why is the Epson so highly rated? 

The MX-80 was the first affordable, 
reliable graphics printer for the "per- 
sonal" computer market, in 1981. It can 
be confidently stated that many 1981 Ep- 
son printers are still cranking out text 
today. (I know mine is!) 

The Epson took another giant leap to- 
ward the label of "standard," when IBM 
chose an Epson model as their graph- 
ics printer. Epson has since introduced 
the Epson FX (with a speed of 160 cps), 
the Epson LQ1500 (200 cps, with a built- 
in "near letter quality" mode), and the 
Epson JX, a color printer. 

Most dot-matrix printers use a differ- 
ent set of printer codes, which control 
all of the printer features. Since each 
printer has a different set of codes, it is 
difficult for authors to write software 
compatible with all of the printers. 



ATTENTION 
PROGRAMMERS! 



ANALOG Computing is interested in programs, articles, and software 
review submissions dealing with the Atari home computers. If you feel 
that you can write as well as you can program, then submit those arti- 
cles and reviews that have been floating around in your head, awaiting 
publication. This is your opportunity to share your knowledge with the 
growing family of Atari computer owners. 

All submissions for publication must be typed, upper and lower case 
with double spacing. Program listings should be provided in printed form, 
and on cassette or disk. By submitting articles to ANALOG Computing, 
authors acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for publica- 
tion, become the exclusive property of ANALOG Computing. If not ac- 
cepted for publication, articles and/or programs will remain the property 
of the author. If submissions are to be returned, please supply a self- 
addressed, stamped envelope. All submissions of any kind must be ac- 
companied by the author's full address and telephone number. 

Send programs to: 
Editor, ANALOG Computing 

P.O. Box 23, Worcester, MA 01603. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 63 



A 



Printers Revisited continued 



New printer manufacturers have rec- 
ognized Epson's status as the unofficial 
industry standard and have endowed 
their printers with codes that are com- 
patible with the Epson. 

The Star Micronics Gemini 10 was 
one of the first Epson-compatible print- 
ers. It could do everything the Epson 
MX printer could — and it cost several 
hundred dollars less. 

The Gemini 10 has played a signifi- 
cant role in bringing the price of the dot- 
matrix printer close to $250, where the 
same features cost $799 only two years 
ago. 

Many dot-matrtx printers are boasting 
Epson compatibility today. Inforunner's 
Riteman series, the Panasonic, Legend, 
Mannesmaim Tally, Smith Gorona and 
BMC are all Epson-compatible. 

Is dot-matrix print acceptable? 

There are many people who are hor- 
rified at the thought of using dot-matrix 
printing for business. However, much of 
the printed material generated by a busi- 
ness does not have to be letter quality. 

Dot-matrix printing is acceptable for 
all your printing needs except the most 
formal business documents and letters. 
The quality is adequate for most busi- 
ness reports and correspondence, and 
the speed and features of the dot-matrix 
printer far outweigh the loss of print 
quality. And, since dot-matrix printers 
are popular, their "acceptability" level 
will continue to rise. 

If dot-matrix print is acceptable to 
you, then do not hesitate to use it for all 
of your printing needs. Remember that 
most of the dot-matrix printers in the 
$250-$59g price range can be enhanced 
to print near letter quality, and the next 
generation of dot-matrix printers will 
come with a near-letter-quality mode 
standard, which will be suitable for al- 
most all of your printing needs. 

Near letter quality. 

"Near letter quality" describes a more 
precisely formed dot-matrix character 
that resembles a letter-quality character. 
An example of this style is that produced 
by Okidata in their "correspondence- 
quality mode." 

In this mode, each line of characters 
is formed by making two passes of the 
printhead. Although the printing speed 
is reduced, the resultant quality makes 
up for time lost. A dot-matrix printer 
that can produce both dot matrix and 
near letter quality can satisfy many busi- 
ness needs without the purchase of a 
letter-quality printer. 



The Okidata 92 can produce corre- 
spondence quality without any enhance- 
ments. The Epson, Gemini, Prowriter 
and NEG can be enhanced to produce 
near letter quality. These enhancements 
may cost $100 to $200, but can trans- 
form your very fast dot-matrix printer 
into a fast near-letter-quality printer. 

Other printers. 

There are other types of printers now 
being introduced: ink jet, color and ther- 
mal transfer Do not confuse these with 
dot-matrix printers, the workhorses of 
text processing. The others offer some 
unique features, but do not yet compete 
with dot-matrix printers. 

Color and thermal-transfer printers 
should be classified as novelties. Their 
unique color features make them won- 
derful additions to a computer system 
but they're not replacements for the dot- 
matrix printers. 

A thermal-transfer printer is a cross 
between a dot-matrix printer and a ther- 
mal printer. It has a thermal-dot-matrix 
printhead, which contains the familiar 
colmnn of elements to produce dots. But, 
instead of pressing against an inked rib- 
bon, they burn a wax-based ink off the 
ribbon and onto the paper. 

The thermal-transfer printer is quiet 
and can do color work. Most also have 
a good near-letter-quality mode. They 
may have features like different sized 
characters, foreign characters, miderlin- 
ing, and scripts. Thermal-transfer print- 
ers like the Okidata's Okimate are inex- 
pensive, costing between $169 and $250. 

This method's biggest disadvantage is 
the cost of its ribbon. This can be used 
only once at a price of $6-$7. The Okida- 
ta thermal-transfer printer is reported to 
print 120,000 characters per ribbon, or 
75 pages of double-spaced text. It can 
also print 10 full-color graphics screens 
per ribbon — about $750 per picture. At 
approximately $.20 per page of single- 
spaced text, you aren't going to use this 
printer for more than a few pages per 
week; if you used a ribbon a week, you 
would spend $300-$350 a year on rib- 
bons alone! 

Printing features. 

The dot-matrix printer does an excel- 
lent job of printing high quality text with 
blinding speed. However, if that's all you 
think it can do, you're not going to uti- 
lize the printer at its full performance 
level . 

By manipulating the placement of 
character dots, the printer can alter the 
density or quality, the size (width) and 



the style of the printed character Some 
examples follow. 

Print density or quality. 

The normal characters produced by 
the printer are clearly and visibly com- 
posed of individual dots. Top printing 
speed is attained while printing in the 
normal mode, because the minimum 
number of dots is being printed. 

The density or number of dots per 
character can be doubled or even quad- 
rupled. Increasing the density of dots 
per character increases the quality of the 
character, by making it darker and the 
individual dots less visible. 

Of course, the printing speed is re- 
duced accordingly. Therefore, you can 
print your rough drafts, business data 
and program listings in the normal, fast 
mode. The darker, better quality modes 
can be used for final drafts and more im- 
portant correspondence. 

There are several ways a dot-matrix 
printer can increase the number of dots 
per character. Speed and quality differ, 
with the maximum quality attained by 
using emphasized or bold print. 

Normal print mode. 

Here are samples of the normal print 
styles on several printers. Below these 
samples are the actual dot designs of the 
letter A on two different printers. 





EPSON RK 80 


/F-T 




STA 


R hICRONICB 


SG- 


-10 


i";:p! 


:)DN HOMEWRF' 


ER 


:i. 



■ 


III 


■ 


■ 


L A 


■ 


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k. A 


■ 


I] 


■ 


H| 


mP 


■ 


■: 


r ir ir ■^r ir ^ 


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k. -i 




EPSON FX. 



PROWRITER. 



Although each printer produces the 
same set of upper case characters, you 
can see that each manufacturer has de- 
signed the dot patterns for their charac- 
ters differently. 

Double strike or enhanced. 

In the double-strike mode [shown be- 
low), each character is printed twice and 
will appear to be composed of lines, 
rather than of dots. In this mode, the 
printer will: (1) print an entire line of 
characters; (2) return to the beginning 
of a line; (3) advance the paper '/21c inch 



PAGE 64 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 




Printers Revisited continued 



(exactly Vj dot); and (4) repeat. 

The quality of double-strike characters 
is enhanced vertically much more than 
horizontally, because the second group 
of dots is placed directly under the first. 

The printing speed is reduced by over 
50% in double-strike mode. Not only are 
the lines printed twice, but each is print- 
ed left to right instead of in the normal 
manner, which is bidirectional. 



This is Double-strike 
This is Emphasized 




Double strike. Emphasized. 



Emphasized or bold. 

In the emphasized or bold mode (as 
shown above), each character is again 
printed twice, with each dot of the char- 
acter reprinted V2 dot space to the right. 
In this mode, the printer: (1) prints a sin- 
gle column of dots; (2) advances exact- 
ly V2 dot; and (3) repeats. 

This method differs greatly from the 
double-strike mode. Emphasized charac- 
ters produce the best overall quality on 
printers that do not have a correspon- 
dence or near-letter-quality mode. This 
style would be used for final drafts or 
correspondence. 

The printing speed is reduced only 
about 33% in emphasized mode — much 
faster than double strike. 

Double strike/emphasized. 

These two print modes can be used 
at the same time, since they're quite dif- 
ferent. For each dot in a normal charac- 
ter, there will now be four. In this mode, 
the printer: (1) prints a single column of 
dots; (2) advances exactly 'h dot space; 



(3) prints the same column of dots again; 

(4) continues steps 1-3 for each column 
of dots on one entire line; (5) moves back 
to the beginning of the same line; (6) ad- 
vances the paper Vs dot; and (7) repeats. 



This is Double-strike 
+ Emphasized mode. 




This style of print is usually too dark 
for normal correspondence, but is good 
for headings and titles. Note that print- 
ing speed is reduced by more than 67% 
and that printing four times as many 
dots will exert four times as much wear 
on the ribbon. 



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CIRCLE #132 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 65 



* Printers Revisited continued 



Character width. 

The width of the normal printed char- 
acter, as mentioned earUer, is 10 char- 
acters per inch (cpi). This is "pica" size. 
On a normal 8 'Axil-inch page, up to 80 
pica characters can be printed per line. 

Another popular size of character that 
is often used on a typewriter is "elite." 
This has 12 cpi and can fit up to 96 
characters on a line. 

To switch from pica to elite on a type- 
writer, you must change the print ele- 
ment, as well as the spacing. A dot- 
matrix printer can go from pica to elite 
without changing any physical elements. 
It only requires that a command be sent 
to the printer. 

Dot-matrix printers are able to print 
many different width characters besides 
pica and elite. A common dot-matrix 
printer size is called "condensed," which 
is 17 cpi. Up to 136 condensed charac- 
ters can be printed per line on a normal 
page. 



EZ >i |n> isa. r~ii czl tHH." cJ F^" 
Ej-i pjsincie'Ci El i 
Expanded Condense 

This is Pica print in 
This is Elite printing 
This is Condensed printing 
Itax'ics Pics 
This is proportional 



Since the dot-matrix character is com- 
posed of discrete, individual columns of 
dots, these columns can be compressed 
or expanded to create different width 
characters. The same dot patterns are 
printed for pica, elite and compressed, 
but the spacing between the columns is 
reduced. 

Not only can character widths be re- 
duced from pica to elite to condensed, 
but each can also be enlarged to twice 
its width. This is called "double width" 
or "expanded ." Now you have three new 
size characters: double-width pica (5 
cpi], double-width elite (6 cpi] and 
double-width condensed (8.5 cpi]. 

Elite. 

The width of the elite character is, 
again, 12 cpi. It can be seen that the dot 
pattern for the elite A is the same as the 
normal size (pica] , except that it is com- 
pressed. The printer does not have to 
store a whole new character set in mem- 
ory; only the spacing between columns 
has been reduced. 

An important consideration is that, 
since the space between the dots has 
been reduced, the quality of the charac- 



ter is increased. For dot-matrix printers, 
the elite mode is a better quality than 
pica, although somewhat slower. 

Note that the elite mode is available 
on the Epson FX and RX, but not the 
MX model. 



This is Elite printing 
This is Condensed printing 





ELITE. CONDENSED. 

Condensed. 

The width of the condensed charac- 
ter is 17 cpi, very much narrower than 
normal. Up to 136 condensed characters 
can be printed per line on a printer that's 
normally limited to 80 characters per 
line. On a wide (15 inch] printer, which 
normally prints 132 characters per line, 
it's possible to print 230 condensed char- 
acters per line. 

Double width. 

In this mode, each character takes ex- 
actly twice its normal amount of space. 
If you were printing in the normal pica 
mode and switched to double width, 
only 40 characters (instead of 80) would 
fit on a line. 



Jbz-i-i fz* sir-i cJusf d 
















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Double width works in combination 
with pica, elite and condensed, to pro- 
duce three new sizes as mentioned earli- 
er. If you're printing in the elite mode 
and switch to double width, then only 
48 characters (instead of 96] would fit 
on one line. Condensed in double-width 
mode would yield 68 characters per line, 
instead of 136. 

Double width is too large for normal 
text printing, but is ordinarily used for 
titles and headings, to make them in- 
teresting and prominent. 



Other features. 

Backspacing and underlining. 

If a dot-matrix printer has the ability 
to backspace, then you can print a char- 
acter, have the printer backspace to the 
same initial position and print another 
character over the first. This is called 
"overstrike" and can be used to create 
characters like < , ± and > . 

One of the most used functions of the 
backspace is to underline or underscore. 
To do this, each character is printed, 
then the printer backspaces and prints 
the underscore character below the let- 
ter character. 



[Near Letter QualityD 

This ia « t«<t of vary CKCll typ* 

A e 1 1= f J i'. J S cr oj TT ± 3 >■■ -;• A A c £ a 



The NEC 8023A and the Prowriter 
can backspace, but they must first be in 
what is called the "incremental" mode. 
The Okidata 92 cannot backspace, but 
it does have continuous underlining. 

The method used to obtain continu- 
ous imderlining differs with the printer 
involved. For example, on the Epson 
MX, continuous underlining is printed 
at the same time that the characters are 
printed, on a single pass of the print- 
head. The only problem is that the bot- 
tom dot on the lower case letters /, g, p, 
q and y becomes part of the underline. 

The Epson MX won't underline spaces 
preceding or following a word, but will 
underline the spaces between words. 
This is an advantage, because spaces 
that aren't supposed to be underhned 
(like the left margin) aren't. It's a disad- 
vantage when you really want to have 
underlines as blanks to be filled in by 
the reader. 

On the Epson FX, when continuous 
underlining is used, the entire line of 
characters is printed. The printer then 
advances one dot vertically and under- 
lines everything, including leading and 
trailing spaces, on a second pass of the 
printhead. All spaces are underlined, 
whether you intended them to be or not. 

The speed is reduced, because two 
passes of the printhead are required. 
However, the quality of the Epson FX 
underline is good, since it is one dot 
lower than all of the characters. 

Without a doubt, there are more idio- 
syncracies associated with underlining 
than with any other dot-matrix feature. 

Bidirectional/unidirectional . 

Dot-matrix printers attain part of their 

speed by printing bidirectionally. This 

(continued on page 78) 



PAGE 66 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



16K Cassette or 
24K Disk 



^^ 





by James Hague 



This month's assembly language game is Bonk, a 
fast-moving arcade game for one player. You control 
a small, green creature with joystick 1. Your object 
is to collect all of the flashing diamonds scattered 
around the board before time runs out. When you 
hit a diamond, a "ding" will be heard. 

You're probably thinking, "What a stupid game! 
It sounds easy." Well, of course your green creature 
is not free to roam wherever it pleases. You're being 
chased by three electric whirlers that kill on contact. 
They don't sound friendly. . .and they aren't. 



They will chase you wherever they can, trying to 
send you to that big arcade in the sky. But, luckily, 
they aren't extremely intelligent (in other w^ords, their 
IQ is the same as their shoe size). When you're be- 
ing chased, just put a wall between yourself and your 
relentless pursuers, and Bonk! — they'll slam into the 
wall and be thrown backwards. 

After a while, they'll regain their senses, and you'll 
be in trouble again. If you plan your strategy correct- 
ly, you can get the whirlers trapped in corners. Bonk- 
ing around. Just don't trap them near a jewel that you 
still need. Later in the game, the whirlers will re- 
cover from a Bonk sooner, and you'll have to use your 
other defenses. More on that in a minute. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 67 



^^ 



Bonk 



continued 



Typing it in. 

Before typing anything, look at the listings accom- 
panying this article. 

Listing 1 is the BASIC data and data checking 
routine. This listing is used to create both cas- 
sette and disk versions of Bonk. The data state- 
ments are listed in hexadecimal (base 16], so the 
program will fit in 16K cassette systems. 

Listing 2 is the assembly language source code 
for the game of Bonk, created with the OSS 
MAC/65 assembler. You don't have to type this 
listing to play the game! It is included for those 
readers interested in assembly language. 

Follow the instructions below to make either a cas- 
sette or disk version of Bonk. 

Cassette instructions. 

1. Type Listing 1 into your computer using the 
BASIC cartridge and verify your typing with 
Unicheck (see page 00). 

2. Type RUN and press RETURN. The pro- 
gram will begin and ask: 



IMiKE CASSETTE CO) OR DISK CIJ? 

Type and press RETURN. The program will 
begin checking the DATA statements, printing 
the line number of each as it goes. It will alert 
you if it finds any problems. Fix any incorrect 
lines and re-RUN the program, if necessaiy. until 
all errors are eliminated. 

3. When all of your DATA lines are correct, 
the computer will beep twice and prompt you 
to READY CASSETTE AND PRESS RETURN. 
Now, insert a blank cassette in your recorder, 
press the RECORD and PLAY buttons simultane- 
ously and hit RETURN. The message WRITING 
FILE will appear, and the program will create 
a machine language boot tape version of Bonk, 
printing DATA line numbers as it goes. When 
the READY prompt appears, the game is recorded 
and ready to play. CSAVE the BASIC program 
onto a separate tape before continuing. 

4. To play, rewind the tape created by the BA- 
SIC program to the beginning. Turn your com- 



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PAGE 68 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



puter OFF and remove all cartridges. Press the 
PLAY button on your recorder and turn ON your 
computer while holding down the START key. 
If you have a 600 or 800XL computer, you must 
hold the START and OPTION keys when you 
turn on the power. The computer will "beep" 
once. Hit the RETURN key, and Bonk will load 
and run automatically. 

Disk instructions. 

1. Type Listing 1 into yoiu' computer, using the 
BASIC cartridge and verify your typing with 
Unicheck (see page 00). 

2. Type RUN and press RETURN. The pro- 
gram will ask: 

IMKE CASSETTE COJ OR DISK CD? 

Type 1 and press RETURN. The program will 
begin checking the DATA lines, printing the line 
number of each statement as it goes. It will alert 
you if it finds any problems. Fix incorrect lines 
and re-RUN the program, if necessary, until all 
errors are eliminated. 

3. When all the DATA lines are correct, you 
will be prompted to INSERT DISK WITH DOS, 
PRESS RETURN. Put a disk containing DOS 2. OS 
into drive #1 and press RETURN. The message 
WRITING FILE will appear, and the program 
will create an AUTORUN.SYS file on the disk, 
displaying each DATA line number as it goes. 
When the READY prompt appears, the game is 
ready to play. Be sure the BASIC program is 
SAVEd before continuing. 

4. To play the game, insert the disk contain- 
ing the AUTORUN.SYS file into drive #1. Turn 
your computer OFF, remove all cartridges and 
turn the computer back ON. Bonk will load and 
run automatically. 

Bonking. 

In order to play, you must have a joystick plugged 
into port 1. If, after you've loaded Bonk, the title 
screen does not appear try to locate your error. To 
start on a level other than 1, press the SELECT key. 
To begin play, press START (of course). 

First of all, you'll probably notice that the walls 
arc; twcj different colors. If you cruise into a blue one. 
b/.y.y.y.t — you're fried. But, if you hit a green one, it 
will disappear. This opens up all sorts of strategic 
possibilities. Use them wisely. 

Also, there are small boxes lying around, marked 
with an F. If yoii hit one of these, the whirlers will 
be frozen lor a [;ouple of seconds (by now, you've 
figured out that the F is for "freeze"). There are very 



few of these boxes, so don't waste them. They can 
come in handy when you're surrounded. 

The scoring In Bonk is relatively simple. Bagging 
a jewel is worth 70 points. Flitting a freeze box is 
worth 100, plus the handy freeze effect. Wiping out 
the green walls doesn't give you any points, but it's 
a good way to sneak by the whirlers. 




Bonk. 

When you finish a board, 10 points will be added 
to your score for each second left on the timer Then 
it's on to the next board — there are three. After you 
complete the third board, you gain an extra life. 

Good luck and happy Bonking! D 

James Hague is a junior at Berknar High School 
ill Richardson. Texas. After graduation , he plans fo 
major in computer science. 

Listing 1. 
BASIC listing. 

10 REM «*» BOHK ««* 

20 TRftP 20:? "MAKE CASSETTE COJ , OR BI 

5K fl3";: INPUT DSK:IF DSK>1 THEN 20 

30 TRAP 4e00e:DATA 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 

,0,0,0,0,0.0,0,10,11,12,13,14,15 

40 DIM DATS 191) ,HEHC22) : FOR K=0 TO 22: 

READ N:HEK(X}=N:NE}<T K :LIHE=990 :HESTOR 

E 1000:TRAP 120:? ■■CHECKING DATA" 

50 LINE=LINE+10:? "LINE :"; LINE :flEAD DA 

T$:IF LENCDATS)<>90 THEN 220 

60 DATLIN=PEEKC183)+PEEKfl84)»256:IF D 

ATLINOHNE then ? "LINE "JLINE;" MISS 

ING!":END 

70 FOR X=l TO 89 STEP 2 : D1=ASC (DATS CKJ 

> -48 : D2=ASC CDAT5 (X + 1) ) -48 : BYTE=HEX CDl) 

W16+HEXCD2) 

80 IF PASS=2 THEN PUT ttl,BYTE:NEXT X:R 

EAD CHKSUM:G0T0 50 

90 TOTAL=TOTAL+BYTE:IF T0TAL>999 THEN 

T0TAL=T0TAL-1000 

100 NEXT X:READ CHKSUM:IF T0TAL=CHKSUM 

THEN 50 
110 GOTO 220 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 69 



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• Ideal for home use 



• NO ADDITIONAL HARDWARE REQUIRED 

• Works with either TV or Monitor 

• Advanced formatting capability 

• Integrates v/ith other softv/are 



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Or call or vrite for more information. 
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order Line. 716/634-0578 



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^^ 



Bonk 



continued 



120 IF PEEKC195J06 THEN 220 

130 IF PftS5=0 THEM 170 

140 IF NOT DSK THEN 160 

150 PUT ttl,224:PUT «1,2:PUT ttl,225:PUT 

ttl,2:PUT «1,0:PUT 01,40: CLOSE ttl:END 
160 FOR X=l TO 34: PUT 01,0: NEXT X:CLOS 
E ttl:END 

170 IF NOT DSK THEN 200 
180 ? "IN5ERT DISK WITH DOS, PRESS RET 
URN";: DIM IN$(1): INPUT IN$:0PEN ttl,8,0 
,"D:AUTORUN.SYS" 
190 PUT til, 255: PUT 111, 255: PUT 01,0: PUT 

ttl,40:PUT 01, 181: PUT 01, 53: GOTO 210 
200 ? "READY CASSETTE AND PRESS RETURN 
";:OPEM 01,8,128,"C:":RESTORE 230:F0R 
X=l TO 40: READ N:PUT 01, N: NEXT K 
210 ? :? "MRITING FILE" :PASS=2 :LINE=99 
0: RESTORE 1000: TRAP 120:6010 50 
220 ? "BAD DATA: LINE ";LINE:END 
230 DATA 0,28,216,39,255,39,165,0,234, 
234,234,169,60,141,2,211,169,0,141,231 
,2,133,14,169,56,141,232,2 
240 DATA 133,15,169,0,133,10,169,40,13 
3,11,24,96 

1800 DATA 2065E4A95O85C1A91D85C2A2O2A5 
C29D3222A5C19D002218691485C19082E6C2E8 
E018D0ESA9008584AABD00E0,756 
1010 DATA 9D0O2OBDFFE09DFF2OE8DOF1A92O 
8DF4e2A277BDF42D9D0820CA10F7A287BD6C2E 
9DD82OCA10F7A9Oe858D2O72 , 718 
1020 DATA 2A20852AA9038D3002A92F8D3102 
A9C88DC4O2A9788DC582A9468DC6O2AD1FD06A 
90206AB0F7E684A584C909D0 , 955 
1030 DATA e4A90085841869010910SD642FAD 
1FD0C905F0F9D0DAAD1FD06A90FAA900858085 
8185828586A9038587A58485,373 
1640 DATA 83858SA98e858DA583F8186901D8 
8583A685EOeFFeO2E685Ae86EOO3FOO4E686D0 
0CA2O18686A587C9O9FO82E6 , 278 
1050 DATA 87A685BD732E85A3A90585A5BD82 
2E859CBD912E85A2A686BDA02E85AAA9B98D30 
02A92E8D3i0220852AA98085,618 
1060 DATA 8D858A85AB85A98D1ED085948595 
85A485A68589859D859E859FA685BDA32E8588 
A0CBA22AA907205CE4A586OA,687 
1070 DATA AABDB12E85C1BDB22E85C2A0O0B1 
C199501DC8COF0DOF618A5C169FO85C190O2E6 
C2AOOOB1C199401EC8COFODO,453 
1080 DATA F6A9688DC402A9C88DC5e2A9OO8D 
C602A9868DC7O2A227BDDB2E9DOO1DA90O9D28 
1DCA1OF22O8O2C2O692C208E,43O 
1090 DATA 2CA583A84A2O6D2CA5860AOAAABD 
8F2F858CBD9B2F858BE8A0O2BD8F2F998EOOBD 
9B2F999100A9OO99990O9996,528 
1100 DATA 00E88810E820722AA92e8D07D4A9 
028D1DD0A93E8D2F02A9818D6F02A9DA8DC802 
A91A8DC1028DC2028DC302A5,380 
1110 DATA 8C8DOOD0A48BA2OOBDAB2F95B999 
0024C8E8EOO8DOF2A209BDEB2F95AFCA1OF82O 
9F2AA9AA8D01D2A2O5BD1D3O,167 
1120 DATA 8D0OD2A9O52O4B2DCA1OF22O852A 
A928204B2DA9FF858D2O192B208O2C20692CAD 
1FD06A902DADFC02C921D00E , 645 
1130 DATA A9FF8DFC02458D858DDOO32O8F2A 
A58DFDElA58AD08DA588F009A5ABC5AADeCA4C 
BB2D4C612D4C5428A90OAA9D,55e 
1140 DATA OO249D0O259DOO269D0027E8D0F1 
eeA98085AC85ADS5A085AE8DeiD28D03D28De5 
D28D07D28DO8D260A9eO85C5,7O8 
1150 DATA A92585C6A9OO85A7A6A7EOO3F0D3 
B58E9DO1DOB491A2OOB5AF91C5C8E8E0OADOF6 
E6A7E6C64CAB2AD8A58DF00F , 610 
1160 DATA 2OEB2B20D62C2O122D2OE52A2094 
2C8D1ED04C62E4A2O7A48BA98O854D990O24C8 

CA1OF9AE780286A9A58C187D , 373 

1170 DATA lE30858C8D00DeA58B187D293085 

8BA207A8B5B9990024C8CA10F760A5A0D011A5 

A4F083C6A4e0A5A385A4A5A6 , 76 



1180 DATA FOO3C6A66OA5A585A6A2O02O9C2B 

B59eFOO5De964C812BB5SEC58C9OOADO04A9eO 

F006A9FFD0e2A9018594B591 , 841 

1190 DATA C58B9OOADOO4A9OOFO06A9FFDee2 

A9ei8595A088A594D93930D00CA595D94230D0 

0598959910038810EAB599A8, 286 

1200 DATA B58E1879393O958EB59118794230 

9591E8EOO3D09C4C9F2AB599A8B58E38F94B3O 

4A4A4A8594B59138F954304A , 722 

1210 DATA 4A4AA8B9002285C1B9322285C2A4 

94B1C1293FF069C91BF065C90FF061A59C9596 

A9ie8D0eD2A9ee8D01D285AC , 420 

1220 DATA ADOAD229O3A8B9SD309599ieBlA5 

8B38E91C4A4A4AA8B90O2285C3B9322285C4A5 

8C38E92C4A4A4AA8B1C3293F,506 

1230 DATA F022C9OFFO32C91BF01BB1C329CO 

C94ODO12A9O385AEA9F08D86D2A9C88De7D2A9 

0091C368A97020552CA91085,214 

1240 DATA ADA9828D02D2E6AB4C2B2C202B2C 

A5A285A0A90585AlA9Ae8D05D2A95eF8186580 

8580A90865818581A9006582, 573 

1250 DATA 8582D86OA588A03648386A4A4A4A 

99OeiDC868298FO91O990OlD6OA2O2AO2AB58O 

206D2CC8CA10F760A587A040 , 189 

1260 DATA DOD9A4ACFOe68884AC8C01D2A4AD 

FOO98884AD9809AO8D83D2A5A8F019A4A1B961 

308D04D2C6A1DOODA90585A1 , 257 

1270 DATA C6AODOO5A9Oe8D05D2A5AEFOO9C6 

AED005A9008D07D260E69FA59FC914DOIOA980 

859FA968CDC402DOO2A9OA8D,974 

1280 DATA C4O2E689A589C93CDO0DA9OO8589 

A588F838E9O1D88588ADOCDO858AADO4D029O8 

F002858A60A59D18690AC932,505 

1290 DATA D0O2A9O0859DA8A2O9B9EB2F95AF 

C8CA1OF7A5A9C90FFOO9A59E1869O8C940DOO2 

A9OO859EA8A207B9AB2F95B9 , 237 

1300 DATA C8CA10F76085A7A90e8514A514C5 

A7F0BAAD1FD0C907F0F34C5428A980858D2085 

2AC687208E2CA9CC8DO1D2A2 , 986 

1310 DATA 28E68CA58CSDO0D0AD0AD28DOOD2 

A9812O4B2DC68CA58C8DOODOADOAD28D00D2A9 

012O4B2DCA1OD92O852AA587,116 

1320 DATA F0O34CO829A2O9BD67309D3HECA 

1OF720722AA9FF2O4B2D4C5428A900858D2O85 

2AA588F838E9ei8588D82069, 771 

1330 DATA 2CA91O2O552C2O8e2CA9328D0OD2 

A0A4SCO1D2A9012O4B2D88C0A0DOF3A58SD0D4 

2e852A4CB7280000FFFFFFFF,118 

1340 DATA OOOO3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C0OOOF8FC 

FCFC3C3C0OO01F3F3F3F3C3C3C3CFCFCFCF88O 

OO3C3C3F3F3F1FO0003C7CFC,962 

1350 DATA FCFCFC7C3C3C3E3F3F3F3F3E3C00 

00FFFFFFFF7E3C3C7EFFFFFFFF000000183C3C 

3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C1800,578 

1360 DATA OOOOFCFEFEFC0OOO0OOO3F7F7F3F 

OO00FF81BDA1B9A181FF0O7EFF7E3C180O0O28 

25231FlD19181716151413i2,369 

1370 DATA 1110322D281E1919191919191919 

191919191817161514131211180F0EOD0C0B1O 

OElA6O6055555O5O45454O4e,956 

1380 DATA 4O4O4O4O40713O2932E1337O7O70 

42OOlD02465OlDO6Oe06O6O6O6O6O6OeO60686 

0606e6060606Q6060641B92E,838 

1398 DATA 000e33232F32251A00000000222F 

2E35331AOOOOOOOO2C293625331AO0OO000O2C 

2536252ClAe0OO7O7070707O,396 

1400 DATA 7O707O7O471B2F70O67O0770e67O 

06064ie32F0OOOOOOOOO0O0O0O226F2E6BOO80 

0OOOOe8e8e8O8OA3AFBeB9B2, 270 

1410 DATA A9A7A8B480919998948OA2B99A80 

8OOOOOOO2A212D2533OOOO2821273525000OOO 

000000000000006C6576656C , 511 

1420 DATA 1AOO11OO8O8O8O8O8O8080B3A5AC 

A5A3B480A6AFB2S0ACA5BeA5AC8080808080B3 

B4AlB2B48eB4AF80A2A5A7A9,897 

1430 DATA AE8O8O80487E7EB88OeO98885O5O 

92B87848C07848606ODeD2A8e88OFEDeFE107C 

6C6CEEFED6FE107C6CEC0EFE, 333 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 71 



^Bonk 



continued 



1440 DATA DeFE107CEC0C0EFEDeFE107CeCEC 

0EFED6FE1O7C6C6CEEFED6FE107C6C6EE0FED6 

FE107C6E60EeFED6FE107C6C,305 

1458 DATA 6EE0ee2e203F3C3CFC04e4e8eei0 

ie3C3FFC3C8808ee0808083CFC3F3C18iee0e0 

84e4FC3C3C3F282888888142 , 814 

1468 DATA 3C3C3C3C42Sie8A888Ae828C?681 

818188FFFFFF888e888e81FF888881FFe88881 

FF8ee888ei818ie8FFFFFF88,293 

1478 DATA FFFFe881818188FF2C2C2A2A2A2C 

2E2E2ElClElElClAlAlAlClE82848e888eC8DC 

D2E65627212D258e882F3625 , 31 

1488 DATA 32C4C1C1C1C1C9C1C1C1C1C1C1C1 

ClC9ClClClClC3C2C81B4e48424048484e484e 

484e42404eiBCeC2C2CeC81B,293 

1498 DATA 4842484e4e484848484e42481BC0 

CeC2C2C8CeC81B42484e484848484e48421BCe 

C0C8C2C84141414145484848,e29 

1588 DATA 48484848484e41414141C7C2C8C0 

C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C0C8C8CeC8CeC8C2C2C8 

C8C8C8C0C0C8C8C8C8C0C8C8 , 12 

1518 DATA C8CeC8C8C8C2C2C8C8C8C8C8C8C4 

ClClClClC3CeC8C8C8C0C8C2C2C8C0C8C8C4Cl 

CAC1C9C3C1CAC1C3C8C8C8C8, 728 

1528 DATA C2C8C3C84048424eiBCeC2C2C8Ce 

lB42484e40C4C7C2C24848484248484FC2C2C0 

4F4842484848C2C2CSC5C8C8 , 433 

1538 DATA 48424eiBC8C2C2C8C81B42484840 

C6C7C2C8C0C8C8C6C1C9C1CACAC1C9C1C5C8C8 

C8C8C2C2C8C8C8C8C8CeceCl,934 

1548 DATA ClClClC5C8C8C8C8C8CeC2C2CeC8 

C8CececeC8C8C8C8C8CeC8C8C8C8CeceC2C2C8 

C8C0C8C0C8C0C8C8C8C8C8C8,598 

1558 DATA C8C8C8C8C8C2C2C8C8CeC8C8C8C8 

C8CeC8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C2C841414141434e 

484848484040484441414141,955 

1560 DATA C7C2C0C8C01B4248484e40484e40 

48421BC8C8C8C2C2C8C01B4042484048404048 

4848424eiBC8C8C2C2CeiB48,8Sl 

1578 DATA 4842484840484848484042484818 

CeC2C6ClClClClCAClClClClClClClClCAClCl 

C1C1C5C4C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1, 727 

1588 DATA ClClClClClClClClClClC3C2CeiB 

C8C8C8C8CeceC8C8CeC0C8CeC0CeiBC8C2C2C8 

cocococecococececocococ8,5e 

1590 DATA CeC0COCOCOC2C2COCOC4ClClClC3 

C0C0C0C8C4C1C1C3C0C0C8C2C2C0C0C2C01B40 

4C40404e4e4ClBCeC2C0C0C0,525 

1608 DATA C2C2C8C8C2C0C0C8C8CeC0C0C0C0 

C8C8C2C8C0C8C2C2C8C0CCC8CececeCBC0C0CB 

C8C8C8CCCOC0COC2C2COC8C8,227 

1610 DATA C8C8C8C0C2C81BC8ClCDCeC8C0Ce 

coc2C2cecococococEcic7coce42cococecoce 

CeC0C2C2CeC0C0C0C81B4048,217 

1620 DATA 414147401BCOCeCOCOCOC2C2CeC8 

C8CeC8C8C0424040C8ClCDC0C0C0C0C0C2C2C0 

CeC0CeC0CEClC71BC8C2C0C8,696 

1630 DATA C0CeCOCOCOC2C2COC0COC0C0COC0 

CCCeC0CCC0C0C0C0C0C8C0C2C2C0CeC01BC0C0 

C0C0C0C0C0C0C81BC8C0C0C8,38 

1640 DATA C2C2CeC0COC0CeC04B4O4040404B 

4e4e4e404e40C2C2C0C0C0C0C0C0C2C0CeC0C8 

C2C0C0C0C0C8C8C2C2C0C8C0,188 

1658 DATA C8C81BC2CeC8CeC8C21BCeC0C0C8 

CeC2C2C8C0C0C8CEClCSC8CeC8C8C6ClCDC0C8 

C8C8C2C2CeC8CeC8C0C0C8Ce, 542 

1668 DATA C8C8C8C0C0C0C0C0C0CeC2CS4143 

404040404e40404F404e404848484441C7C21B 

424840484040404040404040, 222 

1670 DATA 404040421BC2C6C1CAC1C1C1C1C1 

C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1CAC1C5C4C1C1C1C1C1C9 

C1C1C1C1C1C1C9C1C1C1C1C1 , 274 

1688 DATA C3C21B881B881B424848404e4840 

C2C0252E24CeC2C2C01B881B484248401BCeC8 

C0C8ClClClClClC7C21Be01B , 998 

1698 DATA 001B424e40C4C3C0C0C2CeiBe01B 

C0C2C84141414141C7C8CeC2424848C2C8C01B 

CeC0C2C2COC0COCeCOC2C0C0,231 



1700 DATA 42C2C0CeC2C01B001BC0C2C2C0C0 

lBCOCOC2CeCOC6C5COCOC2COC01BCOCeC2C2CO 

CeC0G0CeC2C0C0C0Ce484e42,540 

1710 DATA 4e404e4040C2C2C0C0CBC0C8C2C0 

CeC0C04F4e42404e404040C2C2C0C0C2C01BC2 

C0C0C8C0CeC042404040404e , 627 

1720 DATA C2C2C0CeC2C8C0C2C0C0C4C3CeC0 

C2CeC8CeC8C0C2C2CeceC2CeC0C2404042C2C0 

CeC21B0e001BA0C2C21BCeC2 , 9 

1730 DATA CeC0C2C0C0C242401BCS4D484840 

4EC7C2C0C0CCC0C0C2C0C0C6C5C8C8C2C0C0C0 

C0C0C2C2C0C0C8C8C8C2C8C8 , 671 

1748 DATA C8C8C8C8C2CeC0C0CeCeC2C2CeC0 

CeC0C0C2C0C0CeC0C0C8C2C8C8C8CeC8C2C2Ce 

CeC0C0C0C8ClClC1434848C8 , 963 

1758 DATA 4141414141C7C84141414141C7Ce 

lB40424e40424040404e4eC2C2CeC04F4e4042 

401B404240404C40404e4848,864 

1760 DATA C2C2C0C0CeC0Ce42401B40424040 

4e40401BC0C0C2C2C0CeC0CeC042401B404240 

4e404e4e404040C2C6ClClCl , 348 

1778 DATA CICICACICICICACICICICICICICI 

€1650000000088888888888000888888888880 

000080000000000000000088 , 458 



CHECKSUM DATA. 

(see page 18] 

18 DATA 448,351,496,811,423,729,556,68 

3,555,573,694,613,29,205,218,7296 

160 DATA 748,198,962,618,491,38,155,46 

7,165,760,113,879,923,777,23,7389 

1868 DATA 138,984,965,112,978,312,868, 

318,927,158,834,45,885,708,941,9157 

1218 DATA 878,975,732,742,737,95,15,88 

6,63,969,878,773,919,188,518,9352 

1368 DATA 774,171,67,50,100,154,858,15 

5,732,347,583,962,698,199,989,6671 

1518 DATA 168,619,966,57,564,415,784,2 

68,933,177,24,21,266,787,184,6145 

1668 DATA 223,117,683,747,876,568,822, 

77,33,171,459,52,4748 



Listing 2. 
Assembly listing. 



» BONK » 

» Coov'"lqht l?a4 » 

♦ Progrannad by Ja»»« H«guB » 

» Using MflC/6S by 0S3 Inc. » 



HARDWARE RESI3TER3 



RANDOM 




*D20A 


QRACTL 




• D01D 


AUDCl 




• D201 


AUDC2 




*D203 


AUDC3 




• D203 


AUDC4 




»D207 


AUDFl 




• D200 


AUDF2 




*D202 


AUDF3 




*D204 


AUDF4 




*D20& 


flUDCTL 




• D208 


HPOaPB 




• D000 


HPOBPl 




• D001 


PaPF 




«D004 


P0PU 




• D00C 


HITCLR 




• D01E 


CONSOL 




• D01F 


PMBASE 




»D407 


3ETVBV 




»E43C 


XITVBV 




• E4&2 


SIOINV 

1 




• E4&S 



I Random #a 
iQranhlc Ctrl 
lAudla controls 



lAudio frequency 



IPl. horlz. 
!P1. 1 horli. 
IP0 to PF col 1 . 
IP0 to PL coll. 
I Col 11 at on clear 
IConsole buttons 

IVBLANK vectors 

IVBLANK exit 

I Initialize SIO 



PAGE 72 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



ISHfiDOW REGISTERS 



CLOCK 




*14 


ATTRfiCT 




»4D 


DMflCTL 




»0ZZF 


SDLSTL 




*0230 


QPRIQR 




»B26F 


STICK 




*0278 


COLS 




• a2C* 


COLl 




*a2cs 


C0L2 




• 02C6 


C0L3 




»B2C7 


PCOL0 




»02C0 


PCOLl 




• 02C1 


CHBAS 




»a2F4 


CH 

1 




»02FC 



IReal time clack 

I DMA control 
IDllat polntar 

IJoyctick 
(Color regs. 



IPl«y«r colors 



|Ch«ract«r b«se 
fKeybojird buffer 



(TITLE SCREEN 
I 



IBAHE VARIABLES 



SCORE 

LEVEL 

3LEVEL 

BLEVEL 

BOARD 

LIVES 

TIME 

DIE 

P0Y 

P0X 

aAMCTL 

ENXP08 

ENYPOS 

ENXADD 

ENYADD 

ENBOUN 

ENDIR 

BDI8T 

ENAN 

PLAN 

FLASH 

FREEZE 

FTIHE 

WAIT 

TEMP 

DIR 

TOTAL 

COUNT 

BONK 

DINB 

M3ND 

ENEMY 

PLAYER 

LO 

VLO 

POINT 

I 

! RESERVED 



DS 3 

D8 1 

DS 1 

DS t 

DS 1 

DS 1 

DS 2 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

08 

DS 

D8 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 

DS 8 

DS 2 

DS 2 

DS 2 



I 

PM 

PL0 

PLl 

PLZ 

PL3 

t 

DISP 

CH3ET 

LOTBL 

HITBL 

1 

I 

ISET-UP 
1 

SAME 



»- »2000 

.DS *0400 

.DS *0100 

.D8 *0100 

.DS *0100 

.DS »0100 



IPlayur* 
I Current 
IStartln 
f Binary 
I Current 
f Remalnl 
j Bonus t 
I Death f 
)P10 y p 
)P10 X p 
tSaffle CO 
lEnemy X 
I Enemy Y 
(Enemy X 
I Enemy Y 
J En boun 
lEnemy d 
I Bounce 
lEnemy p 
iPlay, p 
I Treaa. 
I Freeze 
I Freeze 
(Time de 
ITemp at 
) Jetlck 
i Jewel %/ 
I Jewels/ 
V Bounce 
I Bell so 
I Eat wal 
lEnemy 1 
I Player 
I General 
IDltto 
iPlay, p 



I Pmbase 



s score 

level 
level 

evel 

board 
ng lives 
Imer 
lag 

ost tt an 
oal t Ion 
ntrol 

poe. 

pos. 

add 

add 
ce flags 
1 rectlon 
d 1 stance 
olnter 
olnter 
f I asher 
timers 
t i me 
lay 
orage 
direct, 
board 
taken 
sound 
und 

1 sound 
mage 
Image 

pol nter 



•ID00 IDisplay area 
S2000 I New char set 
S2200 IPlotter table 
LOTBL*30 



IProgram start 



•- •2800 

PLOTTER 

aSR 8I0INV ilnlt sounds 

LDft • <DISP*80 

STA LQ 

LDA » >D18P*80 

STA LO+l 

LDX #2 

LDA LOfl 

STA HITBL, X 

LDA LO 

STA LOTBL, X 

CLC 

ADC •20 

STA LQ 

BCC SEP2 

INC LD+l 

INX 

CPX •24 

BNE 8EPL 

LDA *a 

STA SLEVEL 



I REDEFINE CHAR3ET 
I 



TAX IMove set 

LDA *Ee00,X 

STA CHSET, X 

LDA SEBFF.X 

STA CHSET+SFF.X 

INX 

BNE MSET 

LDA • >CH3ET I Install It 

STA CHBAS 

LDX •ll? iRedeflne set 

LDA CDAT.X 

STA CH3ET+a,X 

DEX 

BPL RDEF 

LDX •? 

LDft CDftT2,X 

STA CH8ETi-216,X 

DEX 

BPL RDEF2 

LDA »0 I Turn off VBI 

STA SAMCTL 

J8R PMCLR INo players 

JSR BUIET I No sound 



LDA • <TDL iPolnt to title 
STA SDLSTL I screen display 
LDA » >TDL lllst. 
STA SDL8TL1-1 



LDA •200 
STA COL0 

LDA vize 

STA COLl 
LDA •VB 
STA COLZ 

LDA C0N8OL 
ROR A 
BCC STl 



iSet up title 
I colors. 



■Start key 
I pressed? 
I Yes! 



I LEVEL SELECTION 



ROR 
BCS 
INC 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 
STA 

Zl CLC 
ADC 
ORA 
STA 

Z2 LDA 
CMP 
BEQ 
BNE 

I 

STl LDA 
ROR 
BCC 
LDA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
8TA 

I 

NEMLEV LDA 
STA 
LDA 
8ED 
CLC 
ADC 
CLD 
STA 
LDX 
CPX 
BEQ 
INC 

SAMEL LDX 
CPX 
BEQ 
INC 
BNE 

I 

BRDl LDX 
STX 
LDA 
CMP 
BEQ 
INC 

3ETLEV LDX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 

I 

NEWLIFE J8R 
LDA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
8Tft 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
LDX 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
LDX 
LDA 
JSR 
i 
I DRAM SCREEN 

I 

LDA 
ASL 
TAX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 



A 

START 
SLEVEL 
SLEVEL 

• 9 
Zl 

• 
SLEVEL 

• I 

• 16 

TITLE+73 
C0N80L 

• 3 
Z2 
START 

C0N80L 

A 

STl 

• 
SCORE 



ISelect 
iNo, ski 
lYes St 
ineKt le 
IHlghest 
iNo, con 
lYea, re 
■store 1 
■Add I t 
I Ing 1 ev 
■Add col 
■and sh 
I8et ke^ 
■Key rel 
■No, wal 
I Branch 



pressed? 
p this, 
art at 
vel . 

level? 
t Inue. 
set and 
t. 

o start- 
el • 
or 

ow It 
s again 
eased? 
t for it 
al ways ! 



■Set variables 
■that *re set 

SCORE-t-l (once per game. 

8C0RE+2 



■3 lives 
ISet level 



BOARD 

• 3 

LIVES 

SLEVEL 

LEVEL 

BLEVEL 



•0 iTurn off VBI 

SAMCTL 

LEVEL ■Bet BCD level 



Iftnd raise It 

IThen store. 
■Get bin. level 
■Highest level? 
■Yes, keep it. 
■No, raise it. 
I Get board • 
■Highest board? 
(Yes, reset 
I and stare 
I Branch always ! 



• I 

LEVEL 
BLEVEL 

• IS 
SAMEL 
BLEVEL 
BOARD 

• 3 

BRDl 
BOARD 
SETLEV 



•1 (Reset board • 

BOARD 

LIVES (And give extra 

•9 (life 

SETLEV 

LIVES 

BLEVEL (Binary level 

0EL1-1,X (Set up delay 

WAIT 

• 3 

WAIT+2 

BOUN-l.X (Get bounces 

BDIST 

FTM-1,X (Get freeze time 

FTIME 

BOARD 

TOT-1 , X 

TOTAL 

» <0L 

SDLSTL 

» >DL 

SDLSTL+l 



(Board • 
(Get jewels 

■Install DL 



QUIET 

• 

SAMCTL 
DIE 
COUNT 
DIR 

HITCLR 
ENXADD 
ENYADD 
WAIT+l 
WAIT+3 
TIME+l 
ENAN 
PLAN 
FLASH 
BLEVEL 
TIM-1 ,X 
TIME 

• <VBI 

• >VBI 

• 7 
SETVBV 



(No sound. 
■Zero items 
■that must be 
(zeroed for each 
■new life 



(Reset pointers 



(Set timer 



(Deferred VBI 



BOARD (Get board • 
A (Times 2 

(use as Index 
BDTBL-2,X (Board lo byte 
LD 

BDTBL-1,X IHi byte of it 
LO+l 



DR2 
DR3 



LDY 
LDA 
STA 
INY 
CPY 
BNE 
CLC 
LDA 
ADC 
STA 
BCC 
INC 
LDY 
LDA 
STA 
INY 
CPY 
BNE 



( INITIALIZE 

I 

LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
3TA 
LDX 

PS LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
DEX 
BPL 
J8R 
48R 
JSR 
LDA 
LDY 
JSR 
LDA 
ASL 
ASL 
TAX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
INX 
LDY 

SET LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
STA 
INX 
DEY 
BPL 

■ 

)P/M SET UP 

I 

JSR 
LDA 
STA 
LBA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
LDX 

PD LDA 
STA 
STA 
INY 
INX 
CPX 
BNE 
LDX 

CD LDA 
STA 
DEX 
BPL 
JSR 
LDA 
STA 
LDX 

IN LDA 
STA 
LDft 
JSR 
DEX 
BPL 
JSR 
LDft 
JSR 
LDA 
STA 

( 

(MAIN LOOP 

( 

MAIN JSR 
JSR 
JSR 

Ml LDA 

ROR 
BCC 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 



•0 (Draw 1st part 
<L0> Y (Get screen byte 
DlSP+S0,Y land show it 

• 240 
DRl 



LO 

• 240 
LO 
DR2 
LO + 1 

• 
(LO) 
DISP+3Z0 

• 240 
DR3 



(point to part 2 



(Get byte 



• 104 
COL0 

• 200 
COLl 

• 
C0L2 

• 134 
C0L3 

• 39 
3CL,X 
D1SP,X 

• 
DISP+40, X 



PS 

8H0SC 

SHOBO 

SHOLI 

LEVEL 

•74 

BCD 

BOARD 

A 

A 

IX-4, X 
P0X 

IY-4, X 
P0Y 



(Color Is 
( purple 
(Color 1 Is 



( green 
(Color 2 
(black 
( Col or 
(blue 

(Print score 
( 1 Ine 



Is 
is 



(Show score 

(Show bonus 

( Show 1 1 vea 

(Show level 



(Set Initial 

( player 

( pasi t Ions. 

(Set player X 

(and Y 



•2 (Set all enemy 

IX-4.X (X 

ENXP08, Y 

IY-4,X (Y 

ENYPOS, Y 

• 

ENDIR, Y (Zero enemy 

ENBOUN, Y (status 



SET 



■ Fini sh up 



PMCLR 

• >PM 
PMBASE 

• 2 
GRACTL 

• 62 
DMACTL 

• 1 
QPRIOR 

• 218 
PCOL0 

• 26 
PCOLl 
PCOLl+l 
PCOLH-Z 
P0X 

HPO8P0 
P0Y 

• 

PDAT.X 
PLAYER, X 
PL0,Y ■And show it 



■Clear players 
IPolnt to PM 

I M.rBA 

■Set gractl 

■Set dmactl 

■Set priority 

I Set pl0 color 

■Set enemy color 



■Draw player 
(Set K pas. 
( Get y 

(Get player byte 



(Draw enemy 
( Introduction 



• 8 
PD 

•9 (Copy enemy data 
EDAT, X (from memory to 
ENEMY, X (animation table 

CD 
DRAMEN 

• 170 
AUDCl 

• 3 

MUSIC, X 
AUDFl 

• 3 
DELAY 

IN 
QUIET 

• 40 
DELAY 

•»FF ■Turn on the 
SAMCTL ■VBI 



ENMOVE 

SHOSC 

SHOBO 

CQNSOL 

A 

M4 

CH 

• «21 
M2 

• «FF 



IMove enemy 
■Show score 
■Show bonus 

■ Start preased*? 

■ Yea. 

■Space bar? 

■ No. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 73 



^^ 



Bonk 



continued 



M3 

M4 

t 

iCLEfiR 

I 

PMCLR 

PC 



) SOUND 

r 

QUIET 



8T« 
EOR 
STA 
BNE 

jaR 

LDft 
BEQ 
LDA 
BNE 
LDA 
BEQ 
LDA 
CUP 
BNE 
J MP 
JMP 
J MP 



LDA 
TAX 
9TA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
INK 
BNE 
RTS 



8AMCTL 

GAMCTL 

M2 

HUSH 

BAMCTL 

Ml 

DIE 

M3 

TIME 

M3 

COUNT 

TOTAL 

MAIN 

LDDNE 

KILL 

QQ 



»0 

PL0,X 
PLl, X 
PL2, X 
PL3, X 

PC 



IR«9et keycQde 
t PI ip pause 



1 Peace and . . . 



I Player dead? 
I Yes. 
|Tl«e Up? 

{Level done? 



I Auuughh \ 



TWX 

) 

MOVE 



LDft 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 

HUSH STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
RTS 

< 

I DRAW ENEMY 

I 

QRAWEN LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
BTA 

DEI LDX 
CPX 
BEQ 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
LDX 

DE2 LDA 
STA 
INY 
INX 
CPX 
BNE 
INC 
INC 
JMP 



VBI CLD 
LDA 
BEQ 
JSR 
JSR 
JSR 
JSR 
JSR 

EXIT STA 
JMP 

I MOVE PLAYER 

I 

PLMOVE 



I Turn off vound 



I Draw all 3 
I enemy 



»0 

BONK 

DINS 

FREEZE 

MSND 

AUDCl 

AUDC2 

AUDC3 

AUDC4 

AUDCTL 



» <PL1 

POINT 

» >PL1 

POINT-H 

*0 

TEMP 

TEMP 

»3 

DE3 

ENXPOS.X (Set X position 

HP08P1, X 

ENYP03, X 

»e 

ENEMY, X 

(POINT) , Y 



»10 

DE2 

TEMP 

POINT-H 

DEI 



XL6S 
DOY 



YLEB 
FINI 



I 

ASA 



QAMCTL 

EXIT 

PCHK 

STUFF 

ANIM 

PLMOVE 

SOUND 

HITCLR 

XITVBV 



IKIII decimal ! 
IDo this VBI? 
I No; Oet out ; 
ICheck player 
IDo worK 
I Animate 
(Move player 
iMake noise 
iClear all hits 
I Go home! 



LDX »7 

LDY PBY 

LDA *« 

STA ATTRACT 

3TA PL0,Y 

INY 

DEX 

8PL ERPL 

LDX STICK 

BTX DIR 

LDA pex 

ADC XOFF-3, 
STA P0X 
STA HPOaP0 
LDA PBY 



!lst- 
Iplay 



iKlll attract 



I2nd- get new 
Iplayer position 
(uet K position 
ithen add offset 
X ito old coord 
ISave new pos. 
fand show it 
) Now repeat for 
f y pon 1 c 1 on . 



I I f 0, fnove • en 
I Decrement 2nd 



iReset 2nd 



BEQ MOVE 
DEC WAlT+3 
RTS 



LDA WAlT-l-2 

STA WAIT+3 

LDX *0 IMaln counter 

JSR CHECK ICheck enemy 

LDft ENBOUN.X I Bouncing? 

BEQ NOB INo, continue. 

DEC ENBOUN.X lYes, 

JMP OUT IDo next enemy. 



LDA 
CMP 
BCC 
BNE 
LDft 
BEQ 
LDA 
BNE 
LDA 
STA 
LDft 
CMP 
BCC 
BNE 
LDA 
BEQ 
LDA 
BNE 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
TYA 
STA 
BPL 



ENXP08, 

pax 

XLES 

XMOR 

»0 

DOY 

»»FF 

DOY 

*1 

ENXADD 

ENYP03, 

PBY 

YLES 

YMOR 

»0 

FINI 

»»FF 

FINI 

»1 

ENYADD 

»e 

ENXADD 

EMX.Y 

AOft 

ENYADD 

ENY.Y 

ASA 



X (Set K pos 

jCofflp with play 

(Less than? 

IMore than? 

lEqual to, stop 

I movement . 

I More than, move 

Ilef t, 

ILess than, move 

Irlght, 
X I Set y pos 

IComp elth play 

(Less than? 

IMore than? 

lEqual to, stop 

I movement. 

IMore than, move 

Ilef t. 

ILess than, move 

Iriqht. 

iCanvBrt to dlr 

lis X dl rect ion 

I correct? 

INo, check more. 

lis y di rect Ion 

Icorrect? 

■Nope. 



STA P0Y 

LDX •? 

TAY 

LDA PLAYER, 

STA PLa,Y 

INY 

DEX 

BPL DRPL 

RTS 



DEY 
BPL 
LDA 
TAY 
LDA 
CLC 
ADC 
STA 
LDA 
CLC 
ADC 
3TA 
INX 
CPX 
BNE 
JMP 

LDA 
TAY 
LDA 
SEC 
SBC 
LSR 
L3R 
LSR 
STA 
LDA 
SEC 
SBC 
LSR 
LSR 
LSR 
TAY 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
LDA 
AND 
BEQ 
CMP 
BEQ 
CMP 
BEQ 
LDA 
STfi 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
STft 
LDA 
AND 
TAY 
LDA 
STA 
BPL 



ENDIR.X I It's correct! 
OUT iBranch always! 



I Continue 
I search t ng 
}Get direction 



CDIR 
ENDIR,X 



ENXPOS.X lUpdate x pos 

ENX. Y 

ENXPDa,X 

ENYPOS,X lUpdate y 

ENY, Y 
ENYPOS, X 

»3 

DOMOR 

DRAWEN I Draw enemy 

ENDIR.X I 

I 
ENXP08,X 

I 

SCX,Y I 

A 

A 

A 

ENXADD 

ENYPOa.X 



Check If the 
enemy hit 
I anythl ng 
1st, scan on 
X axis 



I 2nd, 
y ax 1 1 



scan on 



iNow, get point 



8CY,Y 

A 

A 

A 

LOTBL,Y 

LO 

HITBL,Y 

LO-H 

ENXADD 

(LO) , Y 

»«3F 

L» 

»27 

L0 

»»0F 

L0 

BDIBT 

ENBOUN, ) 

ttl6 

AUDFl 

»6 

AUDCl 

BONK 

RANDOM 

»3 



BDIR, V 

ENDIR,X 

CHECK ICheck It out! 



Mask off color 
Hit anything? 
Hit diamond? 
Yup, forget It 
Hit freezer? 
Yup, who cares 
A hit! Make the 
lenemy bounce! 
Set sound 



iQet new direct. 



13rd— redraw 



ICHECK 

I 

PCHK 



(ENEMY HANDLER 
I 



LDA FREEZE 
BNE TWX 
LDA WAIT*l 
BEQ TWO 
DEC WAITtl 
RTS 

LDA WAIT 
STA WAIT+l 
LDA WAIT+3 



I Frozen? 
lYup, Ice cold. 
iGet lat timer 
I If 0, do next . 
IDecrement ist 
I And leave. 

IReset iHt timer 

I Oet 2nd timer 



LDA P0Y 

SEC 

SBC #28 

LSR A 

LSR A 

LSR A 

TAY 

LDA LOTBL.Y 

STA VLO 

LDA HITBL.Y 

STA VLO*! 

LDA P0X 

SEC 

SBC •44 

A 

A 

A 



I Get y pos 

(And convert to 

iscreen position 



IQet address 



INow convert x 



LSR 
LSR 
LSR 
TAY 
LDA (VLO) 



Y IQet point 





AND 


«»3F 


(Mask out color 




BEQ 


L0 


(Nothing there 




CMP 


l»*0F 


IHlt freezer? 




BEQ 


HITFR 


lYup, handle It 
IHlt diamond? 




CMP 


»*1B 




BEQ 


HITDI 


lYup, fix it 
(Get point 




LDA 


(VLO) ,Y 




AND 


»l"?2 


(Get color used 




CMP 


»A4 


(Hit weak wall? 




BNE 


L0 


(No, leave. 


iHlt weak wall 




1 


LDA 


«3 


( Set sound 




STA 


WSND 






LDA 


*240 






STA 


AUDF4 






LDA 


»200 






STA 


ftUDC4 




HITX 


LDft 


*0 


(Erase wall 




STA 


(VLO) ,Y 




L0 


RTS 






IHlt dl 


amond 






HITDI 


LDA 


• »70 


(Give paints 




JSR 


ADD 






LDA 


»l& 


I Set sound 




STA 


DING 






LDA 


»130 






STA 


AUDF2 






INC 


COUNT 


(Count It 




JMP 


HITX 




IHlt freezer 






HITFR 


JSR 


HITX 


(Erase freezer 




LDft 


FTIME 


(Set freeze ttmi 




STA 


FREEZE 






LDA 


«3 






STA 


FREEZE* 


1 




LDA 


«t66 


(Set sound 




STA 


AUDC3 






LDA 


**S0 


( Gi ve poi nts 


I SCORE 


ROUTINES 




ADD 


SED 




(ftdd points to 




CLC 




1 score 




ADC 


SCORE 






STA 


SCORE 






LDA 


*0 






ADC 


SCORE*! 






STA 


3C0RE+1 






LDA 


»0 






ADC 


SCORE+2 






STA 


SCORE+2 






CLD 








RTS 






SHOBO 


LDA 


TIME 


(Show bonus 




LDY 


• 3 4 




BCD 


PHA 

SEC 




(Show 1 bed 




ROR 


A 






LSR 


A 






LSR 


A 






LSR 


A 






STA 


DISP,Y 






INY 








PLA 








AND 


»*0F 






ORA 


«*10 






STA 


DISP.Y 






RTS 






SHQSC 


LDX 


»2 


(Show score 




LDY 


»42 




as 


LDA 


SCORE, X 






JSR 


BCD 






INY 








DEX 








BPL 


83 






RTS 






SHOLI 


LDA 


LIVES 


(Show lives 




LDY 


• 64 






BNE 


BCD 




(SOUND 


ROUTINES 




SOUND 


LDY 


BONK 


(Bounce sound? 




BEQ 


Tt 


(No 




DEY 








STY 


BONK 






STY 


AUDCl 




Tl 


LDY 


DING 


(Bell sound? 




BED 


T2 


(No 




DEY 








STY 


DINO 






TYA 








ORA 


• •ft0 






STA 


AUDC2 




T2 


LDA 


FREEZE 


(Freezer sound? 




BEQ 


T3 


(No 




LDY 


FREEZE+ 


I 




LDA 


F3ND.Y 






STA 


AUDF3 






DEC 


FREEZE* 


I 




BNE 


T3 






LDft 


• 3 






STA 


FREEZE* 


1 




DEC 


FREEZE 






BNE 


T3 






LDft 


• 






STB 


ftUDC3 




T3 


LDA 


WSND 


(Wall sound? 




BEQ 


T4 


INo 




DEC 


WSND 






BNE 


T4 






LDA 


• 






STA 


ftUDC4 




T4 


RTS 







PAGE 74 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



I FLASH JEWELS 



JSR DELAY 
JMP BO 



STUFF 


INC 


FLASH 


(Handle flash 




LDA 


FLASH 


( timers. 




CMP 


*2II 






BNE 


81 






LDA 


»0 






STA 


FLASH 






LDA 


»104 






CMP 


COL0 






BNE 


32 






LDA 


»10 




32 


STA 


COL0 




(HANDLE TIME 






at 


INC 


TIMEfl 


(Count down 




LDA 


TIME-H 






CMP 


«60 


(Me Interrupt 




BNE 


S3 


( thl ■ pragram 




LDA 


*f3 


(for an Import- 




STA 


TIME+1 


(ant newa 




LDA 


TIME 


(bulletin: 




3ED 




1 HI MOM! 




SEC 








SBC 


• 1 






CLD 








STA 


TIME 




33 


LDA 


papL 


(Check player 
(col 1 Islons 




STA 


DIE 




LDA 


PePF 






AND 


»8 






BEQ 


84 






STA 


DIE 




34 


RT3 






1 ANIMATE 






ANIM 


LDA 


ENAN 


(Animate enemy 




CLC 




(Hey guys, look! 




ADC 


«10 


(Your names are 




CMP 


• SB 


( In print : 




BNE 


Al 


( David Hague 




LDA 


»e 


( Robbie Hague 


At 


STA 


ENAN 


( Martin Beck 




TAY 




( Nathan Zink 




LDX 


»9 


(and everyone's 


A2 


LDA 


EDAT.Y 
ENEM^'.X 


( favorite: 




STA 


( A. ZLOTNICK! 




INY 




(Tron to you! 




DEX 




( (No you oon ' t 




BPL 


A2 


(get paid) 
(Animate player 




LDA 


DIR 




CMP 


»1S 


(by storing a 
(different Image 




BEQ 


A3 




LDA 


PLAN 


(in the pi ayer 
(animation table 




CLC 






ADC 


*8 






CMP 


»64 






BNE 


A4 


( Is thl B game 
(better than 


A3 


LDA 


*e 


A4 


STA 


PLAN 


(The eiectroids? 




TAY 








LDX 


»7 




fl3 


LDA 


PDAT, Y 
PLAYER, 






STA 


X 




INY 








DEX 








BPL 


A3 






RT8 






ITIME 


DELAY 






DELAY 


STA 


TEMP 


(Enter with 




LDA 


»e 


(length of pause 




STA 


CLOCK 


( (in Jiffies) In 


D0 


LDA 


CLOCK 


(the accumulator 




CMP 


TEMP 






BEQ 


34 






LDA 


CONSOL 






CMP 


• 7 






BEQ 


D0 






JMP 


80 




IDIE 








KILL 


LDA 


»0 


(Stop movement 




STA 


SAMCTL 






JSR 


QUIET 


(No sound 




DEC 


LIVES 


(Take a life 




JSR 


8H0LI 


(And show them. 




LDA 


»2B4 






STA 


AUDCl 






LDX 


• 40 


(Kill player 
(let shift 


Kl 


INC 


P0X 




LDA 


P0X 






STA 


HPDSP0 






LDA 


RANDOM 






STA 


AUDFl 






LDA 


»l 






JSR 


DELAY 






DEC 


P0X 


(2nd shift 




LDA 


P0X 






STA 


HPO3P0 






LDA 


RANDOM 






STA 


AUDFl 






LDA 


»1 






OSR 


DELAY 






DEX 








BPL 


Kl 


(Repeat again. 




JSR 


QUIET 






LDA 


LIVES 


(Any 11 ves? 




BED 


OVR 






JMP 


NEWLIFE 




IQAHE 


OVER 






OVR 


LDX 


»■? 


(Show SAME OVER 


01 


LDA 


BOVR, X 






STA 


DISPV303.X 




DEX 








BPL 


01 






JSR 


PMCLR 






LDA 


»233 





(LEVEL 

( 

LDONE 



LDA 
STA 
JSR 
LDA 
8ED 
SEC 
SBC 
STA 
CLD 
JSR 
LDA 
JSR 
JSR 
LDA 
STA 
LDY 
STY 
LDA 
JSR 
DEY 
CPY 
BNE 
LDA 
BNE 
JSR 
JMP 



*0 

OAMCTL 
QUIET 
TIME 



»1 
TIME 

SHOBO 

**10 

ADD 

SHOSC 

430 

AUDFl 

«164 

AUDCl 

ttl 

DELAY 

• 1&0 

C2 

TIME 

CI 

QUIET 

NEMLEV 



(Stop movement 

I No sound 
(Qlve 10 points 
(for each second 
(left on the 
(timer. 



(Add points for 
(time remaining 
} and make bell 
(tones by vary- 
( 1 ng the vol ume 
(of voice 1. 



(Kill noise 
(Start new level 



(CHARACT 

( 

CDAT 



(LEVEL 

( 

DELI 



BOUN 
FTM 



TOT 

TIM 



.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 



.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.WORD 



0,0,233,233 
0.60,60,60, 
60,60,0,0,2 
232,60,60:0 
63,60,40,60 
232,248,0,0 
63,63,31.0, 
232,232,235 
60,62, 63.63 
60, 0, 0,253, 
126,60,60, 1 
233,233,0 
60,60,60,^0 
60, 60, 60,24 
254,234,232 



177 


, 127 


63. 

183 


189 


, 161 . 


23! 








0, 126 


233. i 











40 


37 


33 


31 


24 


73 


77 


71 


17 


16 






30 


43 


4B 


30 


V5 


73 


vn 


73 


25, 


25 






23 


24 


23 


27 


19, 


IH 


17 


16 


12 


1 1 






*60 


14 


26 




,•»", 


133 


*3I 


, »45, 


*4S 


*4( 


. *40, 


«40 


BDl 


BD2 


BD3 



,233,233,0 
60,60,60 
48, 252, 232 
, 0,31 , 63,63 
,60, 232,232 
,60,60, 63 
0,60, 124 
,232, 124,60 
,63,63,6* 
233,233,233 
26,233,233 
0,24,60,60 
60,60, 60 
0,0,0, 232 
,0,0,0.0,63 
0,0,233,129 
, 161, 12* 

26, 60, 24, 



29,23 
20, 19, IB 

,25,25 
,25,23,23 

,21,20 
13, 14, 13 



»35,»50 
*40, (40 
»40,»40 



(INSTALL DISPLAY LIST 

( 

DL .BYTE »70, »70, »70, •42 



.WORD Disf' 

.BYTE 2, ♦46 

.WORD DISP-fE 

.BYTE 6,6,6 

.BYTE 6,6,6 

.BYTE *41 



,6,6, 6,6, 6,6,6,6 
6,6, 6,6,6,6,6 



I 

8CL 



.SBYTE " 
.3BYTE " 
.SBYTE " 

.BYTE »7 
.BYTE »70;» 
.WORD TITLE 
.BYTE »70,6 
.BYTE »70,6 
.WORD TDL 

.SBYTE " 

.SBYTE •1-S80 

.SBYTE +»a0 

.8BYTE 

.SBYTE 

.SBYTE 

-SBYTE 

.SBYTE 

.SBYTE 



3CDRE: 
LIVES: 



BONUS: 
LEVEL: 



70, »70, «70,»70 
70,»70, »70, »47 

, «70,7, »70,6 
,6, *41 



f»80 
<-*80 



.BYTE 72, 12 
.BYTE 128,9 
.BYTE 80,80 
.BYTE 120,7 
.BYTE 72,96 
. BYTE 210, 1 



BoNk 
COPYRIBH 
"T 1984 BY: 
JAMES HA8UE 
level: 1 
SELEC 
"T FOR LEVEL 

START TO 
" BEBIN 

, 126, 184 

, 152, 128 
, 146, 184 
2, 192, 120 
,94,208 
68, 104, 128 



) PLAYER, ENEMY, MUSIC DATA 



.BYTE 234 
.BYTE 1 
.BYTE 



2 
.->=,2 
16, 12 



.BYTE 2l4,» 
.BYTE 14,25 
.BYTE 108,2 
.BYTE 16,12 
.BYTE 214,2 
.BYTE 224,2 
.BYTE 110,9 
.BYTE 16. 12 



14,234, 16, 124 
38,734,214,23 
4, 108, 236, 14, 
54, 16, 124,236 
4,214,204, 16, 
36, 14,254,214 
4, 108, 108,238 
34, 16 124, 108 
34,214,254,16 
6, 224,254, 21 4 
4, 108, 1 10,224 



, 108 
234 

l'2 
124 

234 

:254 

, 1 10 

124 

254 



EDAT 


.BYTE 0,32, 
.BYTE 4,4,6 


32,63,60, 60,232 




,0,16, 16, 60. 63 




.BYTE 2*2 6 


0.8.8. 0.0.8 8 62 




.BYTE 232163:66. 16! li 6 ft 4 




.BYTE 4,2*2 


,60,i0,63,S2 34, 




.BYTE 129 
.BYTE 6A, 12 


,66,60,60,60 60 




*,0 


MUSIC 


.BYTE 16i,0 


, 160, 130, 140, 130 


(X,Y OFFSETS *• MISC. 




XOFF 


.BYTE 1.1,1 


.0,»FF 




.BYTE S^f's 


tF.0.0. 0. 


YOFF 


.BYTE 1,»^F 


0,0 




.BYTE 1 »FF 


0,0,1, «FF,0 


ENX 


.BYTE 0,0,1 
.BYTE »FF 


1,1, 0,»FF, «FF 






ENY 


.BYTE 0.SFF 
.BYTE »FF 


•FF,0, 1,1,1,0 


sex 


.BYTE 44,44 
.BYTE 46 46 


42,42,42,44,46 


3CY 


.BYTE 28 30 
.BYTE 28,30 


30,28,26,26,26 


BDIR 


.BYTE 2,4,6 


S 


FSND 


.BYTE 260 


220. 210. 230. 150 


QDVR 


.SBYTE ''BAMfe oClER"' " 


(BOARD 


DATA 




BDl 


.SBYTE +»A0 


-DAAAAIAAAAAAAfi' 




.SBYTE »»A0 


"lAAAACBS" 




.SBYTE "(" 






-SBYTE +»20 
.SBYTE "[•■ 
.SBYTE f*f<0 


"AOBsaassisaaBAffi' 




"SBBSa" 




.SBYTE 






-SBYTE +S20 


'■aBssaaaeaaBS" 




.SBYTE "J" 






.SBYTE +»A0 


"8888998" 




.SBYTE "I" 






.SBYTE +»20 


"Baasaasaas" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE f»A0 


"aaasH" 




.SBYTE +»20 


"AAAAEaaaeasaap" 




.SBYTE +»20 


"AAAA" 




. SBYTE +»A0 


"aBaaasaaaaaaaa' 




-SBYTE i-»A0 


"aaeaasBBaaaaaa" 




-SBYTE -t-tne. 


"aaaaaaaaaaaasB" 




. SBYTE ■►»A0 


"aaaaaaDAAAAcaa' 




.SBYTE +»A0, 


"aaaaBBaaaaDAJA' 




.SBYTE +»A0. 


" iiAJAcasaaBHca' 




.SBYTE +»20 


"aass" 




. SBYTE "I" 






.SBYTE -fSAO, 


"BBBea" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE +»20, 


"Bsaa" 




.SBYTE +»A0. 


"D8BB" 




.SBYTE <-»20 


"aaasaao" 




.SBYTE f»A0, 


"BBa" 




.SBYTE t»20. 


-oasaaa" 




.SBYTE <-»A0, 


"BBHEaa" 




.SBYTE 1-S20, 


"ase" 




.SBYTE '■(" 






.SBYTE i-SAB, 


"asBsa" 




.SBYTE -(■■ 






.SBYTE +«20, 


"Baaa" 




.SBYTE f»A0, 


"FSBea" 




.3BYTE f»A0, 


"aaFAiAjjAiAEaa" 




.SBYTE f»A0 


"aasBaaaaaaFAAA" 




.SBYTE +»A0. 


"AEaaaaaaBBaaaa" 




.SBYTE f»ei0. 


"aaaaaaaaaaaaaa" 




-SBYTE <-»A0. 


"BBaaaaaaaaeaea" 




.SBYTE fSAB, 


-aaaaaasBaaaaaa" 




.SBYTE i-SAB. 


"aaaaaaaaaaaaBH" 




. SBYTE f»20 


"AAAAcaaaaaaaaD" 




.SBYTE +»20 


"AAAA" 




.SBYTE 1-SA0 


-GBaaa" 




-SBYTE 






-SBYTE t«20. 


"BaaaaeaaaB" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE »-»A0, 


"8988888" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE •f»20. 


"asaaaaaaaaBa- 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE +»A0. 


"aasBa" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE +»20. 


"aasaaaaaaaaeaa" 




.SBYTE ••(" 






. SBYTE f»A0, 


"BBF AAAA J AAA AAA" 




.SBYTE 1-SA0, 


"AAJAAAAE" 


BD2 


.SBYTE •v»A0, 


"DAAAAAAAAAAAA- 




.SBYTE +»A0 


-AAAAAACBa" 




. SBYTE " ( " 






. SBYTE 1-SA0, 


"aaaaaaaaaaaaaa" 




.SBYTE •■(•■ 






.SBYTE l-»n0. 


"aBBaaaaeaaaaaa" 




. SBYTE +»A0 


"aaaaaas" 




-SBYTE <-»A0 


"BBaaDAAAcaaaa" 




.SBYTE ■l-»ft0 


"DAAcaaasBsaBa" 




-SBYTE ■•(" 






-SBYTE ■f»20. 


"aLaaaaL" 




.SBYTE "(" 






.SBYTE +»ft0. 


"asaaaBBaasaaaa" 




.SBYTE f»A0; 


"aaaaaaaBaaaBB" 




.SBYTE +»A0 


"asLaaaaKaaKaa" 




.SBYTE i-«ft0. 


-aLaaaBBaaaaea" 




.SBYTE -fSAB, 


"889" 




.SBYTE "[" 






-SBYTE *»A0. 


"HAMaaaaasBaaa" 




-SBYTE 1-SA0. 


"aaNAsaa" 




.SBYTE f»20 


-B" 




.SBYTE ■f»A0 


"aaaaaaasBaeaaa" 




.SBYTE "(- 






.SBYTE +»20, 


"9HAAG8" 




.SBYTE "(" 






-SBYTE +»ft0. 


"aaeaaBBaaeaeaa" 




-SBYTE ■1-S20, 


"Baa" 




-SBYTE +»fl0 


"HAMaaessBBaaa" 




-SBYTE +»A0, 


"aaNAS" 




-SBYTE "[" 






-SBYTE f»A0. 


"asaaaaaaasBaaa" 




.SBYTE +»A0, 


"aaaaLsaLaaaaa" 




. SBYTE ■f»A0, 


"8888988" 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 75 



^^ 



Bonk 



continued 





.BBYTE 


"I " 






.SBYTE 


**(lt. 


"aaaaaaaaa" 




.3BYTE 


") " 






. BBYTE 


<-»AB, 


"aaaaBBaaaaaa" 




.BBYTE 


<-»2a 


"KaaaaKaaaaaa" 




. BBYTE 


**fte. 


■BBaaaaaasaaaa" 




.BBYTE 


■ftfla, 


"BaaaaaaBBaaaaa 




.3BYTE 


"1 " 






.BBYTE 


<-»Aa, 


"BaaaaB" 




. BBYTE 


") " 






. BBYTE 


**tM», 


"aaaaaBBaaacNAE 




.BBYTE 


■f»nB. 


"aaaaFAnaaaaBBa 




.3BYTE 


**Pie, 


"aaaaaaaaaaaaaa 




.9BYTE 


♦ »Aa 


■aaaBH" 




.BBYTE 


t»2B, 


"Acaaaaaaaoaaa" 




.SBYTE 


i-»2a. 


"aaaoA" 




.BBYTE 


-r^Aa, 


-SB" 




-BBYTE 


"I " 






.BBYTE 


+»2a. 


"Baaaaaaaaaaaa" 




.BBYTE 


<-»2a, 


-aas- 




.BBYTE 


") " 






.BBYTE 


<^*Ae, 


"BFAOAAAAAAASA" 




. BBYTE 


**ite, 


"AAAAAJAE" 


BD3 


.BBYTE 


-^tAa, 


"DAAAAAIAAAAAAI 




.BBYTE 


^«Aa, 


"AAAAACB" 




. BBYTE 


"1 1 


I " 




.BBYTE 


■f»2B, 


"Bsaaaaa" 




.BBYTE 


+»Aa: 


-Ba- 




.BBYTE 


•■end' 






.BBYTE 


"1 i' 


-aBBa- 




.BBYTE 






.BBYTE 


t»2a, 


-aBaa" 




.BBYTE 


.. , . 






.BBYTE 


+»Aa, 


-aaaHAAAAAHB" 




.BBYTE 


"1 1 


I " 




. BBYTE 


t«2a 


"Baa- 




.BBYTE 


t-vAa 


"DcaaBa" 




.BBYTE 


"1 i' 






.BBYTE 


+ »AB 


-asH- 




.BBYTE 


■>-»2e 


"AAAAA" 




■BBYTE 


«-»AB 


"saaB" 




.BBYTE 


+ »2B 


"Baa" 




.BBYTE 


+ »AB 


"Baa" 




.BBYTE 








.BBYTE 


+»Aa 


"aaBBaaaaaaaa" 




.BBYTE 


■f«2B 


-B" 




.BBYTE 


t»AB 


"saaBa- 




.BBYTE 


") l' 




.BBYTE 


-i-tAe 


"SBsaa" 



3BYTE 


"1" 




BBYTE 


+ »A0, 


"aasaaFEaasaa" 


SBYTE 


„,„ 




SBYTE 


+ »AB, 


"aasBaaaaoBaaaa 


BBYTE 


+ »20 


"aasaaaaa" 


BBYTE 


^•Aa, 


"BBaaKtasaaaa" 


BBYTE 


t»2e 


"oasaaaaa" 


BBYTE 


i-tAa, 


"BBaasa" 


BBYTE 


"1 " 




BBYTE 


<'*A0, 


"Baaaaaa- 


BBYTE 


+ »2B, 


"Baaaaa" 


SBYTE 


i-»A0 


"SBaasaaBaaDcaa 


SBYTE 


*»Aa, 


"BaaaaasBaasaaB 


3BYTE 


t»20. 


"aas" 


SBYTE 


i-»Aa 


"saaB" 


BBYTE 


"1 1 




SBYTE 


<-»AB, 


" BB" 


SBYTE 


"1 " 




BBYTE 


t»Aa, 


"asaaBaas" 


BBYTE 


+»2»; 


"Ba" 


BBYTE 


"I " 




SBYTE 


**ffe. 


"H" 


SBYTE 


4'*2B, 


"MaaaN" 


SBYTE 


t»Aa 


"SBaaLaaBacFEa- 


BBYTE 


<-»Aa 


■aBaaaaasBaaaa" 


SBYTE 


+»A» 


"asaaaaaasaaaa" 


BBYTE 


«-»Aa, 


"•BBaaaaasaaaa- 


SBYTE 


^*AB 


"aasaaaaasBaaa" 


SBYTE 


*»A0, 


"aaHAAA" 


SBYTE 


••»2a 


"caa" 


SBYTE 


+ »A0, 


"H" 


SBYTE 


*»2B 


"AAAAA" 


SBYTE 


t»AB, 


"OH" 


SBYTE 


f»20. 


"AAAAA" 


SBYTE 


+»ab; 


"Ba" 


SBYTE 






SBYTE 


+»2a, 


"aBaasaaaaa" 


SBYTE 


+ »A0 


"BBaa" 


SBYTE 


♦ «2B 


"oaasa- 


SBYTE 


.., . 




SBYTE 


»»2a. 


"asaauaaaaa" 


SBYTE 


+ »AB, 


"BBaaaaa" 


SBYTE 


<-»20, 


"Ba" 


SBYTE 


"> " 




SBYTE 


i-»20, 


"asaaaaa" 


SBYTE 


"r " 




SBYTE 


<-»fte, 


"aasBaaaaa" 


SBYTE 


'i'»2e. 


"Ba" 


SBYTE 


"1 " 





.SBYTE 4'*2a -asaaaaaaaa" 

.SBYTE t*Aa, "BFAAAAAJAAA" 
.SBYTE ftAB, "JAAAAAAAAE" 

»- *a2E0 
.WORD SAME 
.END 





DONT YOU REALIZE 

YOUR COMPUTER WANTS 

TO HELP OUT, TOO? 

You've got your spouse working. 

The kids have paper routes. 

Even the dog provides stud service for a fee. 

Times are hard. 
So why is your computer stili unemployed? 

LET YOUR ATARI CONTRIBUTE 
TO THE FAMILY INCOME 

If it's a 48K or 64 K Disk System, SENECOM tias ttie approach) you may 
tiave been waiting for. You decide no risk. 

Send just $9.95 for ttiree PDQ (Premium Disl< Quality) diskettes: 
Double Density and Double-Sided (like six top-of-the-line disks!) witfi 
21-year warranty. 

Boot in the program on tfie back of each disk and your Atari will tell 
you how it can boost the family income, more than you might have 
thought possible. 

SENECOM'5 UNIQUE PLAN 
FOR YOU AND YOUR ATARI 
Your computer will love It. At last it can pull its own weight in the 
family, and more. Maybe lots more. 

And you: will you like It too? Who knows? Some people wouldn't know 
a genuine opportunity from the intestinal flu. Some people will reuse 
the back side of the disk for (sob!) something else. 

At least they'll be using the highest quality disk ever made; a disap- 
pointed computer might take comfort in that. 

ORDER PDQ! Write "PDQ" on a paper, with your (legible!) name 

and address. Send with $9.95 to: 
^MMS^^MC Dept. 42, 13 White St., Seneca Falls, NY 13148 
SENECOIvl will pay shipping for USA and Canada. 

NYS residents, add 7% Sales Tax. 

Offer limited to one order per address at this price. 

Atari is a registered trademark of Atari, Inc. 

SENECOfwt is a registered trademark of Seneca Computer Company, Inc. 



CIRCLE #135 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PARTS/SERVICE FOR ATARI* COMPUTERS 

FLAT SERVICE RATES BELOW INCLUDE 
PARTS AND LABOR, 60-DAY WARRANTY 



300 Computer Repair 
400 Compuler Repair 
600XL Computer Repair 
1200XL Compuler Repaii 



INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 

GTIA Chip C014805 

upgrade wilh inslruclions S11.50 

lOK Rev B OS Upgrade fdr 400/800 
3-Ghip ROM sel with instructions. . $12,50 

$8.50 

$10.50 

.. ..$11.00 
$15.00 
$12.50 



$65.00 


810 Disk Drive Repair 


S79.50 


$47.50 


800XL Computer Repair 


. . , S67.50 


$65.00 


850 Interface Repair . . , 


S60.00 


$65,00 


1050 Disk Drive Repair 


S85,00 



Above units repaired or exchanged willi rebuild- 
able exchange. Include 57.00 return shipping 
and insurance. 

REPLACEMENT/BACKUP 
BOARD SETS. 



Pol<ey Chip C012294 
Antic Chip C012296 
PIA Chip C014795 

Basic ROM set 
CPU Chip C014806 



MODULES/CIRCUIT 

BOARDS. . .complete with ICs 

16K RAM Memory Module . 

CX853 . . 518,50 

800 10K Rev, B OS Module ... S18,50 

80OM00 CPU Board with GTIA $22-50 

800 Main Board S28.50 

400 Main Board $26.50 

400 Main Board w/o ICs S8.50 

800 Power Suppty Board S10.50 

810 Data Separator Board 
upgrade with instructions . . $25.00 

810 Side Board w/o Sep & 1771 S43.50 

810 Rear Power Board $25.00 

810 Analog Board . . $16,00 



800 . .OK 


. $69.50 










810 Board Set 


S9950 


All Boards complete wild ICs. etc. 




Keyboards not included. 




MISC. 




810 Rear Board/Analog Board Upgrade 


with 10-pin jumper 




and inslruclions 


. $39.50 






BASIC Cartridge. , . 




w/o Case, Manual . . . 


S23.50 


910 Cuslom Disc Drive 


S149.50 


400 Compuler Complete 


S39.50 


Replacement 810 Drive Mech. . 


S75.00 


Replacement Power Translormer 


SI 6.50 


800XL/600XL Power Supply 


$35.00 


SAMS Service Manual 




for 800 or 400 


$19,95 ea. 


800 Keyboard Repair 


$35.00 


850 Interface 


$13500 




. SI2.50 



AMERICAN TV 

415-352-3787 

Mail Order and Repair 15338 Inverness St., San Leandro, CA 94579 

Retail Store 1988 Washington Avenue, San Leandro. CA 94577 

Terms: We accept money orders, personal checks or C.O-D.s VISA. MasterCard okay on orders 

over S25.00. No personal checks on C.O.D, 

Shipping: 54.00 shipping and handling on orders under $150.00. Add S2.Q0 tor C.O.D otdets. Cali- 

lornia residents include 6'/2"/o sales tax. Overseas shipping extra. 

Prices subject to change without notice. We reserve the right to limit quantities Sales limited to 

stock on hand. 

Foreign shipping extra. 

Much more! Send SASE for free price list. 

Repair/upgrade services available Call. 'Atari is a registered trademark of Atari Corp. 



CIRCLE #136 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 76 /OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



MUST LIQUIDATE ^Z ^r 



TOTAL Personal computer system 



Factory Reconditioned with 
Factory Warranty! 



^y~-.. 



Carries easily 
as a suitcase! 
Plugs into 115V outlet! 



GREAT GIFT IDEA 

FOR STUDENTS! 



^>v 



Sorry, we're not permitted to PRINT the famous brand-name. 
BUT, we CAN "tell all" if you call us TOLL FREE: 1-800-328-0609! 

THE SOFTWARE 



THE COMPUTER 

Snap-on computer keyboard! 64K RAM, 20K ROM. Full- 
size typewriter keyboard. Upper and lower case 
letters, numerals, symbols, reverse characters. 2 
cursor control keys, 4 function keys, programma- 
ble to 8. Music synthesizer with 3 independent 
voices, each with 9 octave range. Input/output ports 
accommodate . . . user, serial, ROM cartridge, joy- 
sticks, external monitor, phone modem. 

Built-in disk drivel Intelligent high speed unit with 
5'A" floppy disk recorder. 170K formatted data stor- 
age; 35 tracks. 16K ROM. Uses single sided, single 
density disk. Serial interface. Second serial port to 
chain second drive or printer. 

Built-in color monitor I Displays 40 columns x 25 lines 
of text on 5" screen. High resolution. 320 x 200 pix- 
els. 16 background, character colors. 

Built-in ROM cartridge port! Insert ROM program car- 
tridge. Multitude of subjects available in stores 
across the nation! 

Mfr. List Price *995.00 



Liquidation 

Priced 

At Only 

rtem H-609-63631-00 Ship, handling: S20.00 



388 



THE PRINTER 

Print method: Bi-directional impact dot matrix. 

Character matrix: 6 x 7 dot matrix. 

Characters: Upper and lower case letters, numerals 

and symbols. All PET graphic characters. 

Graphics: 7 vertical dots — maximum 480 columns. 

Dot addressable. 

Character codes: CBM ASCII code. 

Print speed: 60 characters per second. 

Maximum columns: 80 columns. 

Character spacing: 10 characters per inch. 

Line feed spacing: 6 lines per inch in character mode 

or 8 lines per inch selectable. 9 lines per inch in 

graphics mode. 

Line feed speed: 5 lines per second in character mode. 

7.5 lines per second in graphics mode. 

Paper feed: Friction feed. 

Paper width: 4.5" to 8.5" width. 

Multiple copies: Original plus maximum of two copies. 

Dimensions: 13"W x 8"D x 3'/4"H. Wt.: 6'/2 lbs. Power: 

120V AC, 60 Hz. 

Mfr. List: ^200.00 



$24 



Liquidation 

Priced At 

Item H-609-63831-00 Ship, handling: S7.00 



ms 



Compatible with above Computer System (Not included in package price.) 
JOYSTICKS (Set of 2) 64 MODEM 

IMfr. List: $59.90 pr. $|Q IMfr. List: U24.95 ^AA 
I W pr. Liquidation Price "■■# 



Liquidation Price 

Item H-609-63622-01 S/H 



pr. 

S6.00 pr. 



Liquidation Price 

Item H-609-63646-00 S/H: S4.00 



"Easy Script" One of the most powerful word pro- 
cessors at any price! Cut re-typing, create docu- 
ments from standard paragraphs, do personalized 
letters, see and change a document before it is print- 
ed. Instruction manual has extensive training sec- 
tion that simplifies use . . . even for someone who 
has never used a computer or word processor before! 

"The Manager" A sophisticated database manager 
for business or home use. Business uses; accounts 
payable/receivable, inventory, appointments, task 
manager. Home uses: mailing lists, home inventory, 
recipes, collection organizer, investment tracking, 
checkbook balancing. School uses: research arti- 
cle index, gradebook. 

Mfr. List: *73.98 
Liquidation Price . . . 

Item H-609-64011-03 Ship, handling: S3.00 

BUY INDIVIDUAL UNITS OR 

GET THIS ULTRA-FAMOUS 

SYSTEM AT ONE LOW 

PACKAGE PRICE! 

TOTAL Personal Computer System 
available at FAR BELOW dealer cost! 

Mfr. Sug. Retail . . ^1,268.98 

TOTAL 
PACKAGE 
PRICE 

Item H-609-64011-02 Shipping, handling: S24.00 




^9 



(«»» 



Credit card members can order by phone, 
24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 

Toil-Free: 1-800-328-0609 

Your check is welcomel 

No delays when you pay by check! 



C.O.M.B. CO. 

Authorized Liquidator 

14605 28TH AVENUE NORTH 
MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55441-3397 



SEND ME THE ITEMS I HAVE LISTED BELOW 

Price subject to change after 60 days. Sales outside 

continental U.S. are subject to special conditions. 

Please call or write to inquire. 



Item 

No. 



How 
Many 



Ship/ 
Handl. 



C.O.M.B. CO.® ltemH-609 

14605 28th Ave. N. /Minneapolis, MN 55441-3397 

Send the items indicated at left. (Minnesota residents add 6% 
sales tax. Please allow 3-4 weeks delivery. Sorry, no C.O.D.] 
G My check or money orders is enclosed. (No delays in proces- 
sing orders paid by check, thanks to TeleCheck.) 
Charge: D MasterCard «' D VISA □ Am. Ex, O Diners Club 

Acct. No. Exp. 

PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY 

Name 

Address 

City 

State ZIP 



Sign here - 



CIRCLE #137 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Lil Printers Revisitedcontinued 



Features 


1020* 


ATARI 

1027* 


1025* 


AXIOM 
GP-550AT GP-700AT 


C.ITOH 

fl«;inR Prowriter 
^^^"^ 7500AP 


OKIDATA 

ML92 


Maximum 
Speed (CPS) 


10 


20 


40 


86 


50 


120 


105 


160 


Buffer Size 


none 


none 


none 


1K 


IK 


2K 


2K 


none 


Print Size 
(CPI) 


10 
standard 


12 


5, 10 
16 


10 
17 


10 
13.3 


5, 6, 8.5, 10 
12, 171 


5, 6, 8.5, 10 
12, 171 


5, 8, 10 
13, 16.5 


Cliaracters 
Per Column 


40 


80 


40-132 


80-136 


80-106 


80-136 


80-136 


80-136 


Standard 
Print Matrix 


— 


— 


9x7 


7x9 


7x8 


11x9 


11x9 


9x9 


Number of 
Fonts 


1 


1 


1 


6 


1 


6 


6 


6 


Interface 


Direct to 
Serial Port 


Direct to 

Serial Port 


Direct to 
Serial Port 


Direct to 
Serial Port 


Direct to 
Serial Port 


Serial 
Parallel 


Serial 
Parallel 


Serial 


Graphics 
Matrix 


none 


none 


none 


80x80 


80x80 


80x80 
160x80 


60x72 
120x144 


60x72 
120x144 
240x144 


Extra 
Features 


Color 
Plotter 


Letter 
Quality 


— 


Unihammer 
Printhead 


4-Cclor 
w/Software 


— 


RAM 
Ciiar Set 


Long-life 
Printhead 


Suggested 
Retail Price 


$299 


$349 


$549 


$319 


$599 


$595 


$395 


$499 



*No longer being manufactured, but still available at many retailers. 



means that one line is printed from left 
to right, and the next is printed right to 
left. This saves the time it would nor- 
mally take for the printhead to retm'n to 
the left margin between each line. 

You may be wondering how the print- 
er can print a line from right to left. It 
is receiving the information to be print- 
ed from the computer and gets an en- 
tire line at a time, assembled to print. 
Once that line is readied, it doesn't mat- 
ter if it's printed backward or forward. 

There will be times when it's neces- 
sary to turn off the bidirectional mode 
and print only unidirectionally. Two ex- 
amples are: when you're printing graph- 
ics, or when you're lining up columns 
of numbers containing decimal points. 
Also, all of the alternate character sets 



requiring two passes of the printhead 
(like subscripts on the Epson and cor- 
respondence quality on the Okidata) are 
automatically printed unidirectionally. 

Line space and forms control. 

You can control every movement of a 
printer from the computer keyboard. You 
can instruct the printer to change the 
line spacing from the normal 6 lines per 
inch to 8 lines per inch. Actually, line 
spacing can be changed to anywhere 
from '/aic inch to '■'■'■•Am inch. This can 
be accomplished in both the forward 
and reverse line feed modes. 

Vertical and horizontal tabs can be 
controlled from the computer. Entire se- 
ries of tabs can be programined. Other 
forms controls include setting of form 
length and skipping over perforations. 



Summary. 

Unlike the typewriter or letter-quality 
printer, which can only print the charac- 
ters and symbols found on the print ele- 
ment, the dot-iuatrix printer is capable 
of printing any character or symbol that 
can be designed as a pattern of dots. The 
different styles of characters available 
make the dot-matrix printer an exciting 
instrument — one that you can "play" at 
the keyboard of your computer. 

For those who have not yet purchased 
a printer, this issue should give you the 
information that you need to decide 
which features you absolutely require in 
a dot-matrix printer, and which printer 
contains those features. 

The printers listed in this article are 
some of the most popular in today's mar- 



PAGE 78 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



Features 


EPSON 

Homewriter 
FX-80+ RX-80 F/T+ 10 


MANNESMANN 
TALLY 

Spirit IVITieOL 


STAR 
MICRONICS 

SG-15 SG-10 


PANA- 
SONIC 

KX-P1091 


Maximum 
Speed (CPS) 


160 100 100 


80 160 


120 120 


120 


Buffer Size 


2K none none 


2K 2K 


^^^ 6K opt. 


1K 
5K opt. 


Print Size 
(CPI) 


5, 6, 8.5 5, 6, 8.5 5, 6, 8.5 
10, 12, 17 10, 12, 17 10, 12, 17 


10, 16.5 10, 12 
20 16.5, 20 


5, 6, 8.5 5, 6, 8.5 
10, 12, 17 10, 12, 17 


5, 6, 8.5 
10, 12, 17 


Characters 
Per Column 


80-132 80-132 80-132 


80-142 80-160 


80-233 40-136 


80 


Standard 
Print Matrix 


6x9 6x9 7x8 


9x8 7x9 


9x9 9x11 


7x9 


Number of 
Fonts 


5 5 6 


4 1 


6 6 


5 


Interface 


Serial (opt.) Serial (opt.) Direct using 
Parallel Parallel Opt, Cartr. 


Serial (opt.) Serial 
Parallel Parallel 


Serial (opt.) Serial (opt.) 
& Parallel & Parallel 


Serial (opt.) 
& Parallel 


Graphics 
Matrix 


60x72 60x72 
120x144 120x144 none 
240x144 240x144 


80x82 80x82 
160x82 160x82 


60x72 60x72 
120x144 120x144 
240x144 240x144 


80x80 


Extra 
Features 


Near Letter 
Quality 


Block 
Matrix 


Near Letter Near Letter 
Quality Quality 


— 


Suggested 
Retail Price 


$569 $369 $329 


$269 $798 


$499 $299 


$399 



ket. They certainly aren't the only print- 
ers available, as new machines are intro- 
duced almost every day. These printers, 
however, have withstood the test of time 
and are sold by most retail computer 
stores. 

For those who've already bought a dot- 
matrix printer, we hope that we have 
helped you discover some new printing 
features. D 

Excerpts from the Minute Manual for 
the Dot Matrix Printer, with permission 
from the publisher, MinufeWare, P.O. 
Box 2392, Columbia, MD 21045, (301- 
995-1166). The manuaJ is available from 
B. Dalton bookstores, or from Minute- 
Ware al $12.95 plus $2.00 shipping. 



ATARI PRINTER CHART 

We have included the disconthiued Atari 1020, 1025 and 1027 
printers in the above comparison chart, because of their continued 
avallabihty, conipatibiHty and low, discounted prices. 

Also, all other printers have bit-graphics and are bidirectional. The 
prices listed are suggested retail; you will find the printers selling 
for quite a bit less from most of ANALOG Computing's advertisers. 



jim Pirisino is the publisher at Minute- 
Ware Publishing. In 1982, he began pub- 
lishing Minute Manuaisf to help people 
understand and use computers, printers 
and software. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 79 



H COMP UTER PALACE we 

Help 



KNOW ATARI! 

CALL US AT (503)683-5361 FOR INFORMATION 



Calc 



SPREADSHEET 

TEMPLATES 

READY TO LOAD-N-GO 

FOR USE WITH SynCa/c 

[."Software fit for a King !' 




Let Help Calc Help FEATURES: 

• Eight ready-to-use Templates. 
You For Only . , , • ^asy to use . . . Just load them from 

Syncalc and enter your data. 

• Save hours of tedious spreadsheet setup. 
^^ f^ ^4C • All formats are pre-tested for accuracy. 
T^ I \Jk ^\\\ • Complete, professionally written 

^P ' w ■ %0\M instruction manual with spreadsheet 

examples. 

Requ irements : 

Syncalc program. 

48K(min) Atari 

computer. 

At least one disk 

drive. 

80 column 

printer. 

• Templates included: 

— Loan Amortization Schedule 

— Net Present Value 

— Future Value 

— Personal Financial Statement 

— Alternative Investment Analysis 

— Check Register 

— Personal Register (Roster) 

— Depreciation Schedule 




INVENTORY 
MASTER 

Software fit for a King!" 

FEATURES: 

• Over 1900 items per Double Density disk. 

• Part number with Product Description. 

• Quantity in stocl</Number of orders outstanding 

• Tfiree vendors witli cost from each vendor. 

• Last Purchase Order and from which vendor. 

• Min/max re-order level. 

• Last SIX months sales history. 

• Retrieve any item within 5 seconds. 

• Fast edit capability. 

• Automatic [Record updating from Purchase Orders 
and Product Invoices. 




$89.95 



One of the 
most versatile 
data-base 
programs available. 

Features: 



LIGHTNING FAST RETRIEVAL • 
FAST SORTS ON ANY FIELD • 
SUPPORTS UP TO 4 DRIVES • 
SINGLE OR DOUBLE DENSITY* 
STORE ABOUT 1100 • 

RECORDS PER DISK SIDE IN • 
■30UBLE DENSITY 
MUCH MORE! • 




Requirements 

48K (min) Atari computer 
At least one disk drive 
80 column printer 



REPORTS GENERATED: 

• Purchase Orders 

• Recommended Orders Report 

• Inventory Control Report 

• Product History Report 

• Outstanding Orders by Vendor 

• Monthly Sales and Inventory Level Totals 

• Product Price List 

• Period to Date Sales Report 

• Daily Transactions Report 



TMVfdCig^iSlgSr— 



M9Ucr 



Maintain your book library . . 
Organize your record collection 
Index your recipes . . 
Categorize your stamp collection 
Unlimited applications! 



48K Disk 
$49.95 

Includes: 

ON-SCREEN PROMPTS 
HELP SCREENS 
STATE ABBREVIATION TABLE 
PRINTLABELS1,2. or3-UP 
REDEFINABLE FIELDS 
MERGE-CREATE 
COMBINATION FILES 
DELETE DUPLICATE-AUTO or 
MANUAL 




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Q 






A printing device for Epson 
(with Graftrax) or Gemini printers 



by Charles F. Johnson 



One of the first things you find out about your 
printer is that it can't print out many of the "special" 
characters in the Atari character set (e.g., the cursor 
characters, clear screen, all the CTRL graphics charac- 
ters, all inverse characters, and so forth). If you send 
any of these to your printer, all kinds of odd things 
start happening. 

Many of the special characters are interpreted as 
control codes by the printer, causing line feeds, form 
feeds, different fonts, etc. Unfortunately, a lot of Atari 
BASIC programs use these characters quite liberally, 
so if you type a simple LIST "P." command, you 
might see your listing unexpectedly shift into Japa- 
nese katakana in the middle of a program line. 

Printing pictures from graphics mode 8 or 7 + (15 
on XL computers) can be a fairly complicated proce- 
dure, as well. Translating the screen data to printer 
format is not an easy task for a beginning or inter- 
mediate programmer. 



It can be done! 

There's a way to print any character your Atari can 
display on-screen; you must use your printer's graph- 
ics mode and convert every character in the text you 
are sending into the graphics data that will draw that 
character on the printer. There are several programs 
on the market that will do this (Printwiz, Megafont 
II, Lister-Plus), but all of these require that the pro- 
gram (or text) to be printed be stored on disk in an 
ATASCII file. 

These lister programs all read text from this disk 
file one line at a time, convert it to printer graphics 
and print it. This disk-based method is rather slow 
and necessitates an intermediate step in the listing 
process — making the disk file. Most of these utilities 
also have some provision for printing pictures. 

A new device. 

This program represents another approach to the 
problem. The G: device is loaded into memory at 
boot-up time as an AUTORUN.SYS file. It will work 

[continued on next page) 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 81 



Q 



G: 



co7xtiniied 



with BASIC, the Assembler/Editor cartridge, BASIC 
XL and MAC/65. 

You can LOAD, SAVE, ENTER and LIST files to 
and from disk, edit programs and perform any func- 
tion in the usual mamier with G: present. The differ- 
ence is that, any time you want to produce a graphics 
listing of a BASIC or assembly language program, you 
just type: 



LIST "G:' 
LIST tlG: 



(BASIC] 

(MAC/65, ASSEMBLER/EDITOR} 



This will list whatever you have in memory to the 
printer, but with all inverse and graphics characters 
exactly as they appear on-screen. You can list only 
certain line numbers, in the same way you would to 
any other device, with a statement such as: 



LIST "5:", 19,239 
LIST ttG:,1228 



or 



The G: device will automatically set the left mar- 
gin five spaces in and set the skip -over-perforation 
feature. I recommend positioning the printhead ap- 
proximately two line feeds below the perforation line 
to start your listing. 

Four flavors. 

Now, what would you pay? But wait . . .there's still 
more! G: comes in four flavors — Gl: (the default), 
G2:, G3: and G4:. Here's what the different device 
numbers do. 

Gl: (or just G: — This prints an entire 114- 
character program line on one line with single- 
width characters. 

G2: — This prints each line of text exactly as 
it would appear on the screen (left margin set 
at 2], using single-width characters. 

G3: — Same as G2:, but with double-width 
characters. 

G4: — Prints a 60-character line of double- 
width characters. 

Custom fonts and screen dumps, too? 

Now, what would you pay? But wait. . .G: also 
prints custom character sets! When you're printing 
text, G: will use whatever character set memory lo- 
cation 756 (hex $2F4] is pointing to. 

Character set modification has been covered in 
many places, so I won't go into the whole subject 
here. There are many public domain and commer- 
cial character editors for the Atari, to help in creat- 
ing any font you can imagine. Create-A-Font by Vince 
Erceg in ANALOG Computing's issue 16 is a good 
one. 

G: also has a very flexible XIO frmction, which will 
print an exact copy of a graphics mode 0, 8 or 7 + 



(mode E) screen display. A mode screen can be 
printed with either single- or double-width charac- 
ters. Mode 8 or 7 + screens can be printed in nor- 
mal or inverse, three different widths and two dif- 
ferent heights! 

The ins and outs of XIO. 

To print a graphics mode screen, type: 
HIO 16,t»l,e,0,"G:" 

This is probably most useful in the program mode, 
where you can set up the screen in whatever way you 
like, then execute the XIO command (say, with a press 
of the START button). When using XIO with graph- 
ics 0, the G: device numbers (Gl:, 02:, G3:, and G4:) 
control only the print size, not the line length. There- 
fore, Gl: and G2: will produce the same printout, as 
will G3: and G4:. 

If the first number after XIO (the command num- 
ber) is 16, the entire screen will be printed. To print 
just part of the screen, add the number of lines you 
want to print to 16 and use that as the XIO command 
number. For example, if you want to print the first 
five lines using double-width characters, add 5 to 16 
(21), and the XIO command might look like: 

KIO 21,»1,0,0,"G4:" 

Printing pictures. 

To print a graphics 8 or 7+ screen, first set up your 
hi-res display, then execute the command: 
XIO 64,ttl,fl,8,"6:" 

This will print a single-width, single-height pic- 
ture. To print your screen in inverse (like a photo- 
graphic negative), set the auxiliary byte (the second 
number past the channel number) to 255. The XIO 
command would be: 

HIO 64, ttl, 8,255, "G:" 
When you're printing a hi-res screen, the G: de- 
vice numbers control the height of the picture. Here's 
how they work: 

Gl: or 02: Single height. 

G3: or G4: Double height. 

The width of the picture is controlled by the val- 
ue of the first byte past the channel number in the 
XIO statement. In the first two examples above, this 
byte is 0. Here are the width values: 

or 1 Single width. 

2 Double width. 

3 Triple width. 

I'll give several examples to illustrate the use of the 
XIO 64 command. 

(continued on next page) 



PAGE 82 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



XIO 64,»l,e,255,"G4" — Single Width, 
inverse, double height. 

XIO 64,ttl,2,0,"G2:" Double width, 

nornal, single height. 

KIO 64,tt2,3,255,"G3:" - Triple width, 

inverse, double height. 

XIO 64,ftl,l,0,"G:" Single width, 

noPHal, single height. 

As you can see, there are quite a few ways to print 
a hi-res picture with the G: device. Some experimen- 
tation will probably be necessary to find the best way 
to print each picture. 

And, by the way, the G: device automatically cen- 
ters your picture on the page (on 80-coIumn printers) . 
Now, how much would you pay? 

MAC/65 or Assembler/Editor. 

If you use MAC/65 or the Assembler/Editor car- 
tridge, you can also send assembly listings to G: with 
the ASM command, or print to G: (no line numbers) 
with the PRINT command. The syntax would be: 

ASM.ttG: or 
PRINT ttG: 

BASIC or BASIC XL. 

In BASIC or BASIC XL, you can open a channel 
to G: with a statement like: 

OPEH »1,8,8,"G:'" 

and then treat it exactly as any other output device — 
print strings, numbers, etc. with PUT # or PRINT 
# commands. This enables you to set up special title 
pages for documents with mixed print modes and 
mixed character fonts, draw borders, graph lines. . .or 
whatever you wish! 

You can open more than one channel to G: at a 
time (e.g., Cl: and G4:) and print alternate lines in 
different chai-acter widths. Unfortunately, at this point 
there's no way to change print modes on the same 
line. The channel numbers that you use must be be- 
tween one and seven, as with any other device. 

G: even provides a way for you to control your 
printer's line spacing. There are three preset line feed 
values, and you may also set the line feed to n/72 
inches, n being a number between 3 and 127. The 
preset values are: 

(default) 8/72 (1/9) inch line feed. 

1 9/72 (1/8) inch line feed. 

2 12/72 (1/G) inch line feed. 

In addition to these three presets, any number (n) 
greater than 2 is taken to mean a line feed of n/72 
inches. We use the OPEN auxihary byte to pass the 
line feed value to the G: driver, like this: 

OPEN ttl,8,2,"G4:" or 
XIO 16,ttl,0,ie,"G:" 



The auxiliary byte is the second number past the 
chamiel number in both examples (the same one we 
use for inverse with the XIO function). In the first 
example, it's 2. This will set the printer to 1/6 inch 
line feeds. In the second example, we're telling the 
printer we want line feeds of 10/72 inch. 

The G: device uses the serial bus to send data to 
the printer, through SIOV at $E459. This means that 
if you have some kind of printer interface utilizing 
the joystick ports (as I used to), you can't use this 
version of G:. 

It's possible to modify G: to use an lOCB channel 
to access the printer, but then the G: device will ac- 
tually use two lOCB channels while it's open, and 
you could no longer have more than one channel open 
to G: simultaneously. 

SYSTEM RESET-proof! 

G: is protected from SYSTEM RESET; it will re- 
main available to you until you turn your computer 
off (or type DOS). You can go to DOS in the usual 
manner, but, if you do, G: will no longer work when 
you return to the cartridge. 

G: doesn't touch the much-abused page 6. Instead, 
G: reserves about 10 pages (2560 bytes) of low mem- 
ory and sets the MEMLO pointer past itself, so that 
it can't be overwritten. The reason G: uses so much 
memory is that, for every 1 character byte we want 
to print, we must send 8 bytes of graphics data. This 
means a large buffer to hold the converted graphics 
string. (The program itself is a little over 4 pages long, 
while the buffer is 5 pages — 1280 bytes!) 

If you have any very large programs, it's possible 
that there may no longer be enough free f^M to load 
them. This should be a rare occurrence; if it hap- 
pens, you can always break your program into two 
parts and list them separately. 

The version of G: presented here should work with 
any DOS, including ITappy Warp DOS. It is assem- 
bled at an origin of $25D0. If you want to change this 
(perhaps to free up some more memory), you must 
enter in the source code with MAC/65 and reassem- 
ble with the different origin. 

One last word ... In the text mode, G: is a line- 
oriented device; in other words, it expects to be sent 
a line of text terminated by a RETURN (ATASCII 155). 
This means that you shouldn't use PRINT # state- 
ments that end in a semi-colon, because G: won't 
send anything to the printer until it sees a RETURN. 
Similarly, if you use PUT # commands to send data 
to G:, nothing will be printed until you send a 155 
($9B). 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 83 



Q 



G: 



continued 



Typing it in. 

The BASIC program, with all those DATA state- 
ments that accompany this article, creates an AUTO- 
RUN.SYS file on disk that will automatically load and 
initialize the G: driver. 

Type in the BASIC listing and SAVE it to disk be- 
fore you RUN it. Then RUN the program, and your 
AUTORUN.SYS file will be created. When this is 
done, the G: device will be automatically installed 
whenever you boot up with this disk. 

If you have MAC/65, you can type in the assem- 
bly listing and create the AUTORUN.SYS file with 
the command ASM, #-,#D: AUTORUN.SYS. D 

Charles F. Johnson is a musician by trade, currently 
working for AJ Jarreau. A seJ/-taught guitarist and pro- 
grammer, he grew up in Hawaii and has been pro- 
gramming for three and a half years. This is his first 
published program. 

Listing 1. 
BASIC listing. 



1© REM *** G: GRAPHICS PRINTER *** 

28 DATA 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5,8,8,6,0,8, 

0,8,10,11,12,13,14,15 

38 DIM DflT$ 1513 ,HEKt22) : FOR K=0 TO 22: 

READ N:HEX(X)=N:NEHT K:LIME=9?0 :RE5T0R 

E 1088: TRAP 118 5? "CHECKING DATA" 

48 LIHE=LINE+18:? "LINE :" jLIHE :READ DA 

T5:IF LEHCDAT5JO90 THEN 158 

58 DATLIH=PEEK<183J+PEEK<184)»256:IF D 

ATLINOLIHE THEN ? "LINE "jLINE;" MI55 

ING!":END 

68 FOR X=l TO 89 STEP 2 : D1=ASC CDATS CXJ 

} -48 : D2=ASC CDATS CX+IJ J -48 : BVTE=HEX (DIJ 

*16+HEXCD2J 

78 IF PASS=2 THEN PUT «1, BYTE: NEXT X:R 

EAD CHKSUM:GOTO 48 

88 TOTAL=TOTAL+BYTE:IF T0TAL>999 THEN 

T0TAL=T0TAL-1888 

98 NEXT X:READ CHKSUM:IF TOTAL=CHKSUM 

THEN 40 

180 GOTO 150 

110 IF PEEK (195} <>6 THEN 150 

120 IF PA5S=2 THEN END 

138 ? "INSERT DISK WITH DOS, PRESS RET 

URH";;DIM INStl}:INPUT IHS:OPEN «1,8,8 

,"D:AUT8RUN,SVS" 

148 ? :? "WRITING FILE":PASS=2 :LINE=99 

0: RESTORE 1000: TRAP 110: GOTO 40 

158 ? "BAD DATA: LINE ";LIHE:END 

1880 DATA FFFFD825F52528FFFFA58A8D8B29 

A50B8D8C29A58C8DD1258D8D29A5eD8DD2258D 

8E29A9D8858CA925850D60E2 , 546 

1010 DATA 82E382D325D3258A29A288BD1A83 

F8e5E8E8E8D8F6A9479DlA83A9819DlB83A926 

9DlC83A91885eAAS26858BA9 , 253 

1820 DATA FC8DE782A92E8DE8e2601C268726 

9E269F269C26CD274C9D26A283BD8B29950ACA 

18F86C0A8e888A4A4A4A4AAS , 793 

1830 DATA 8838e4C0879884A086D0S7Ae21CA 

8EA929BDDF29990829A52BC9FFD082A988C983 

B084AABDE3298DF729A522C9 , 416 

1848 DATA 48D817A52AC9826004A91CDe0AC9 

030884 A90ED882A9018DF4292036298DAB29A2 

8ABDED299DCO03CA18F72041 , 122 



1858 DATA 293885281829A8812868203629A9 

lB8DC0e3A94e8DCie3A99B8DC2e3204129A001 

ee88SEAS2948A2e7B5D49D9B , 198 

1860 DATA 29CA10FSADA32985D4ADA42985D5 

eSACA829Fei3C040D8ieA52B8DA829A9B885D6 

A92985D7D038C99BD8834C5D , 192 

1878 DATA 27A8888CA82984D70AeEA8294AAC 

AB29D8eFC92eB004694898e7C960B88338E920 

Ae038A2eD788D0FA85D6ADF4 . 411 

1880 DATA 8205D785D7A8878CAe29BlD6ACA8 

29F08249FFA0874A48BlD4eA91D4e88818F5CE 

A629ACA62910E2AO07B1D4C9 , 294 

1898 DATA 9BD884A99791D48818F318A5D469 

088DA32985D49e85EEA429E6D4EEFA29AEA929 

F86BADFA29DDEe29D863A888, 654 

1180 DATA A99B91D48CAA29A2030EFA292EFB 

29CAD0F7ADAB29C94eD884A94CD88CADA5294A 

4A4A4AAACABDD8298DF929A9, 571 

1118 DATA F885DAA92985DB283629A8B1DA99 

Ce03C99BD0058DAA29F010C8C02800ED18A5DA 

692885DA9e82E6DB2e4129AD, 633 

ii?2rS'*TA AA29F0D6201029A287BD9B2995D4 

CA10F828A0016e8EAS29201D26Ce01D851A984 

8DA929A55885D88DB2298DB8 , 797 

1130 DATA 29A55985D98DB3298DB129A5228D 

512252^?'' ''^2C911B884A918D882E9188DAD29 

A98e8DAC29ACAC29BlD8AEA5 , 314 

ii12«SfiI5_2928A826EEAC29ADAC29C928DeEB 

2e4F29CEAD29D8DE4C8826A52AC98290eDC983 

B884A985D082A9068DA929A5, 384 

iliSS.^^^'^ 21C-3'939O«B8»8729A2A0flO8OS930 

D88BA9088DB729A248A881A9188EB4298CB529 

8DB629A9e88DAE29A9888DAF , 272 

1168 DATA 29ADB22985D8ADB32985D9A288A8 

0881D89DB829ACB729F0e39DB929204F29E8C8 

8390eiE8Ee88D0E4A52AC902 , 950 

ii2?^R5I5.29292S5S29A207BDC0299DB829CA 

18F720A826A207BDC8299DB829CA18F728A026 

A52AC9e3D08EA20?BDD8299D, 47 

1180 DATA B829CA18F728A826EEB229D803EE 

B329EEAF29ADAF29C928D88D18ADB0296DB429 

8DB8298DB229ADB1296DB529 , 710 

1190 DATA 8DB1298DB329EEAE29ADAE29CDB6 

29F0834C6928A9e58DF4294C8826A988AA9DFC 

299DFC2A9DFC2B9DFC2C9DFC,567 

1288 DATA 2DE8DeEE8DFA298DFB29A9FC8DA3 

29A9298DA42968A227A9889DC883CA10FAe8A2 

eBBD8F299D8803CAieF74C59,195 

l?i2-BSIS-.l'*i8A5D8692885D89882E6D968A2 

17A9889DC829CA18FAA287A9878DA729BDB829 

4A48A42A887EC8297EC8297E, 543 

1228 DATA D0292888DeF268CEA7291OE8CAlO 

DD608F29FB2940815788C083e58028004E0000 

000088888888808888888808 , 793 

1238 DATA 8888888880808800000880888886 

88868888888888868888868800668888880886 

688688868888668868688886 , 793 

1248 DATA 88686e68868e08008e684C4C4B4B 

88698C8826263C285e781B481B4Ee51B4D851B 

41881B888868E882E162D325,638 



CHECKSUM DATA. 

[see page 18] 

18 DATA 398,957,888,428,727,554,599,55 

3,272,698,618,939,947,33,162,8685 

1808 DATA 212,774,53,996,836,583,177,8 

94,2,187,432,8,969,76,23,6162 

i^5L'*?IS S?2, 983, 58, 167, 418, 199, 13, 28 
J I Sly , 189, 3437 



PAGE 84 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



Listing 2. 
Assembly listing. 



LDfl • >PND 
STfl HEHLO-H 
RT8 



A BRAPHICa PRINTINO DEVICE 
FOR EPSON OR BEMINI PRINTERS 



(c> 1985 by CHARLES JOHNSON 
and Llttl* Qreen FootballB 

81: 80 Column Normal 

02: 4e Column Normal 

03: 4B Column Doublm-Midth 

04: 60 Column Doubla-Hldth 

XIO 16,«l » « -a:" 

grlnt a GRAPHICS ff screen, 
ny XIO command M largmr than 
1& will b* ua*d aa the * of 
screen llnea to print +16. 

XIO i4,«i,e,0 "S: " 

print a ORAPHICS 8 or 7* (E) 
acrcen. 

AuKlllary byte £ values: 
(These go In ICAX2) 

« - 8/72 In. line feed 

1 - 9/72 In. LF 

2 - 12/72 In. LF 

233 - INVERSE PRINT (XIO 64) 

Any number (n) larger than 2 
will be used as n/72 in. LF 



The table of addre 



QDRIVER .WORD 80PEN-1 

.WORD BCLOaE'l 

.MORD OBETB-l 

.MORD QPUTB-l 

.MORD DBTAT-l 

.WORD BXIO-1 

JMP 8INIT 
I 

I DOS commands go through here 
I 

0DV6C LDX #3 
0DV2 LDA DVSAVE.X 1 Restore DOS 

3TA DOSVEC.X ! vectors 

DEX 

BPL 8DV2 

JHP (DDSVEC) I Bo to DOB • 



THE B: HANDLER ROUTINES 



System equates 



I 

ao2 



The OPEN routine 



PHP 

TXA 

L8R A 

L8R A 

L8R A 

L8R A 

TAY 

DEY 

BMI SETERR 

CPY #7 

BCC 802 

LDY »*86 

BNE aORTB 



(Calling IDCB « 
(Divide by 16 
(to use as index 



I Nave to Y 

1-1 

I <0 - error 

( >6 « error 

iBad IOCS • 



DDSVEC 




• 0A 


DOSINI 




»»C 


ICDNOZ 




• 21 


icconz 




»22 


ICAXIZ 




*2A 


ICAX2Z 




»2B 


SAVMSC 




• SB 


ZPOUTP 




• D4 


FNTPTR 




• D6 


8CRPTR 




*DB 


POINTR 




• DA 


RUNAD 




• »2Ee 


INITAD 




• 02E2 


MENLO 




• 02E7 


CHBAS 




• 02F4 


DDEVIC 




• 0300 


HATABS 




• 031A 


PRNBUF 




• e3C0 


3I0V 




»E43? 



LDX 
DEX 
BTX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 
CMP 
BCS 
TAX 
LDA 
BTA 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 
CMP 
BCS 
LDA 
BNE 



ICDNOZ 

SPLIT 

8RNUM, X 

QRT8L, Y 

ICAX2Z 

»»FF 

803 

«0 

• 3 
8ETLFT 

LFNUM, X 

LNFEED 

ICCOMZ 

• 64 
CLPl 
ICAXIZ 

• 2 
N0T8NB 

• 28 
SETMQN 



(Set 

I Sub 

I Sto 

(Put 

I tab 

I Bet 

1 Inv 

I No 

iRes 

I >-3 

iVcs 

( Movi 

(Oet 

(Put 

(Set 

(Pic 

(No, 

(Bet 

(Sin 

(No 

(Mar- 



device » 
tract 1 
re it 

gr mode in 
le 

LF value 
erse pic? 

skip 
et for LF 

• kip 
Index to X 

E reset LF 
F In init 
command ft 
ture dump? 
skip 
width 
gle width? 

skip 
gin at 28 



START 
PILFER 



Make this routine RESET-proof 



•- •25D0 

JSR •FFFF 

LDA DOSVEC 

STA DVSAVE 

LDA D08VEC-H 

STA DV3AVE+1 

LDA DOSINI (Steal the DOS 

STA ETART+1 Unit vectors 

STA DVSAVE+2 (and put them 

LDA DOSINI + 1 I In my code 

STA BTART+2 

BTA DV8AVE+3 

LDA » OTART (Put address 

STA DOSINI (Of 8: Inlt code 

LDA » >8TART (in DOSINI 

STA DOSINI+1 

RTa 



NOTDBL 
8ETM0N 
CLPi 



CMP (t3 (Double width? 

BCS NOTDBL (No, skip 

LDA •14 (Margin at 14 
BNE SETMBN 

LDA •! (Margin at 1 

STA MARBN (Set margin 

JSR CLPBUF (Clear buffer 

STA XIO? (Clear XIO flag 

LDX •ICLEN-i 

LDA ICODES.X (Copy Inlt 

BTA PRNBUF, X (codes to SIO 

DEX (buffer 

BPL CCDDES 

JSR D03I0 (Send Inlt codes 

BMI SORTS (Error, skip 

JSR INIT 

LDY •! 

PLP 

RT8 



»■ INITAD 
.WORD PILFER 



The CLOSE routine 



JSR CLPBUF 



Install the 8: device 



»- PILFER 

LDX •» 

LDA HATABS, 

BE(3 ADD8 

INX 

INX 

INX 

BNE SEARCH 



NSTAL 
SEARCH 



Q8TAT 
QINIT 



LDA »27 (Reset prlnte 

STA PRNBUF (and send one 

LDA ^64 (line feed 

STA PRNBUF+l 

LDA *tSS 

STA PRNBUF+2 

JSR D08I0 

LDY •! 



[ (Look for the 
(end of the 
(handler table 



PUT BYTE routine 



(Add 0: to the 
(device table 



LDA «'Q 

STA HATABS, ., ,^ 
LDA • ODRIVER 
STA HATABS+l,X 
LDA * >QDR1VER 

STA HATABa»2,X 

LDA • <QDVEC (Reset DOS 

STA DOSVEC (vectors 

LDA « >ODVEC 

STA DOSVEC-H 

LDA • <PND (Reset the MEMLO 

STA MEMLO (pointer 



PHP 

8TX XSAVE 

PHA 

LDX •? 

LDA ZPOUTP, X (Save rero pane 

STA ZP8AVE,X llocatlons 

DEX 

BPL 8Pl 

LDA OUTPTR (Set zero page 

STA ZPOUTP (pointer to 

LDA OUTPTR+i !gr buffer 

STA ZPOUTP+l 

PLA 



LDY XID7 
BES OP 1.2 
CPY •64 
BNE QP2 
LDA ICAX2Z 
STA INVER8 
LDA • <8RBUF 



(Is this XIO? 
(No, skip 
(Br B dump? 
(No skip 
(Set inverse 



(flag 
= (Set poin 
STA FNTPTR (graphics buffer 



pointer to 



LDA • >8RBUF 
STA FNTPTR+1 
BNE BYTEl 

CMP tSTB (End of line? 
BNE BP2 (No, skip 
JMP DOPRINT (Qo print it! 



(Clear Inverse 
(bit and save 



QP2 


LDY 


• 




STY 


INVERS 




STY 


FNTPTR+1 




ASL 


A 




ROR 


INVERS 




L3R 


A 




LDY 


XIO? 




BNE 


CONVERT 




CMP 


•*20 




BCS 


CK2 




ADC 


• •40 




BCC 


CONVERT 


CK2 


CMP 


• •60 




BCS 


CONVERT 




3EC 






SBC 


• *20 


CONVERT 


LDY 


• 3 


SET INDEX 


ASL 


A 



(Convert from 

(ATASCII to 

( Internal code 



(Oet Index into 
ROL FNTPTR-fl [Char set table 
DEY 
BNE BETINDEX 

STA FNTPTR [Set pointer to 
LDA CHBAS (char storage 
ORA FNTPTR+l 
8TA FNTPTR+1 



BYTEl 


LDY 


• 7 




STY 


BYTCNT 


BYTELOOP 


LDA 


(FNTPTR) 




LDY 


INVERS 




BES 


B2 




EOR 


• •FF 


B2 


LDY 


• 7 


BITLOOP 


LSR 
PHA 


A 




LDA 


(ZPOUTP) 




ROR 


A 




STA 


(ZPOUTP) 




PLA 






DEY 






BPL 


BITLOOP 



[Eig 
( per 
,Y I 
( Inv 
(No, 
( Rev 
(8 b 
(Bit 
(Sav 

l'' > 
tsld 

(Res 
( NeK 



ht bytes 

ch»r*ctmr 
Bet a byte 
erse char? 

ktp 
erse bits 
Its per byt 

to ctrry 
e byte 
Roll bit 
eways Into 
each byte 
tore byte 



NOTRET 
( 



ZPOUTP ( Increment ptr 

•8 (to print buffe 

OUTPTR (by 8 bytes 

ZPOUTP 

SKIP 

OUTPTR+l 

ZPOUTP 

OUTCNT 

SPLIT 

EXIT 

OUTCNT 



SENDEM 
SEND2 



DEC BYTCNT (Count bytes 

LDY BYTCNT (More? 

BPL BYTELOOP (Yes, go back 

LDY •? 

LDA (ZPOUTP), Y 

CMP ••9B (Check for EOLs 

BNE NOTRET (in output 

LDA »*97 (Replace 

BTA (ZPOUTP), Y 

DEY 

BPL CKRET 



CLC 
LDA 
ADC 
STA 
8TA 
BCC 
INC 
INC 
INC 
LDX 
BEQ 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 

LDY 
LDA 
STA 
STY 
LDX 
ASL 
ROL 
DEX 
BNE 
LDA 
CMP 
BNE 
LDA 
BNE 

LDA 
LSR 
LSR 
LSR 
LSR 
TAX 
DEX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
JSR 
TAY 
LDA 
STA 
CMP 
BNE 
STA 
BEQ 



(Count chars 
( Is this a0-col? 
(Yes, exit 
(Have we done 

BPVAL.X (one line? 

EXIT (No, more bytes 

•0 (Put EDL at end 
#•98 (of print buffer 
(ZPOUTP) , Y 
DONE (Clear done flag 

• 3 

OUTCNT (Multiply the • 
OUTCNT+l (of characters 

(by B to get the 
MULT8 (• of gr Bytes 
XIO? 
»64 
NOTPIC 

• 76 
8ETM 



XSAVE 

A 

A 

A 

A 



(Set lOCB • 
(Divide by 16 



QRTBL.X 
BRMODE 



(Move to X 
(-1 

(Oet gr mode 
Put In header 



• <HEADER (Set pointer 
POINTR (to start of 

• >HEADER (header and 
POlNTR+l (print buffer 
CLPBUF (Clear SIO buf 

(POINTR), Y (Move chars 
PRNBUF, Y (40 at a time 
»»9B (to BIO buffer 
SEND3 ((or until EOL) 
DONE (Set done flag 
PRNT (Skip 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 85 



Q 



VF* continued 



BENDS 


INY 








CPY 


*40 






BME 


SEND2 






CLC 


»Incre«»nt zero 




LDft 


PQINTR 


fn«g« painter by 




ADC 


»4» 


)!»» 




8TA 


POINTR 






BCC 


PRNT 






INC 


PQlNTR+1 


PRNT 


J3R 


Doaio 


iBend 40 bytes 




LDA 


DONE 


1 Dane? 




8EH 


8ENDEM 


INo, do the re«t 




JBR 


INIT 


iRe-lnlt 


EXIT 


LOX 


• 7 




EXl 


LDA 


ZPSAVE, 


X iRestor* zero 




3TA 


ZPOUTP 


X fpage locationfl 




DEX 








BPL 


EXl 






PLP 








LDV 


• 1 


1 -Successful 




RTB 







The XIO vcrecn dump routine 



SIX 


X3AVE 


,1BR 


BQPEN 


CPY 


*1 


BNF 


QXXIT 


LDA 


04 


8TA 


SPLIT 


LDA 


SAVM3C 


BTA 


8CRPTR 


STfl 


COLPTR 


3TA 


ROMPTR 


LDA 


SAVMSC-M 


STA 


SCRPTR+l 


aiA 


COLPTR+1 


STA 


ROWPTR+1 


LDA 


ICCDMZ 


aTfl 


XI 07 


CMP 


• &4 


BED 


ORB 


CMP 


»17 


BCS 


SHORT 


LDA 


«24 


BNE 


SETLIN 



|9«v« lOCB « 

iQpan Q; 

I Qp«n OK? 

iNo. CKlt 

iSKt linn length 

iSct nolntars 
(to start of 
I screen memory 



I Get cofflAiand # 
jatore It 
I 6r S dump? 
(Yea, go to It 
I Ful 1 screen? 
iNo, skip 
Oct 24 lines 
iSktp 









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SHORT 


SBC 


*16 


(Subtract 16 


SETLIN 


STA 


UNNUM 


(Sat « of line* 


STLINE 


LDA 


«0 


)Cle«r byte 




STA 


LINIX 


IlndeK 


PRSCRN 


LDY 


LINIX 


lOat byte froff 




LDA 


(3CRPTR) 


,Y (screen mem 




LDX 


XSAVE 






JSR 


QPUTB 


(Send to a: 




INC 


UNIX 


1 Inc Index 




LDA 


LINIX 






CMP 


»40 


(Done one line? 




BNE 


PRSCRN 


jNo, go beck 




JSR 


NEXTLN 


( Inc pointer 
(Count lines 




DEC 


LINNUM 




BNE 


STLINE 


(Not done yet 


axxiT 


JMP 


BCUOSE 




QRS 


LDA 


ICAXIZ 


(Oet width 




CMP 


• 2 


(Single? 




BCC 


CKHT 


(Yes, skip 
(Double Mldth? 




CMP 


03 




BCS 


CKW2 


(No, skip 
(Length index 




LDA 


(ta 




BNE 


CKW3 


(Skip 


CKW2 


LDA 


• 6 


(Length index 


CKW3 


STA 


SPLIT 




CKHT 


LDA 


ICDNOZ 






CMP 


• 3 


( >2-Dbl height 
(Not dbl, skip 




BCC 


NaT4 




STA 


DBLHT 


(Set flaj 




LDX 


» <4»4B 


(Set offset to 




LDY 


» >4o40 


(next row 




LDA 


• 46 


(Set # of rows 




BNE 


SETBB 




N0T4 


LDA 


• l> 


(Nat dbl height 
(Clear flag 




STA 


DBLHT 




LDX 


• <8»4e 


(Offset 




LDY 


» >a»4ei 






LDA 


»24 


(t of rows 


SETBB 


STX 


ROWADD 






STY 


ROWADD+ 






STA 


ENDROW 






LDA 


tt0 


(Clear raw count 




STA 


ROMCNT 




QR8. 1 


LDA 


»» 


(Set column ta 




3TA 


CQLCNT 




aRa.2 


LDA 


COLPTR 


(Set pointer to 




STA 


SCRPTR 


( screen 




LDA 


COLPTR+ 






STA 


SCRPTR+ 






LDX 


*0 




QETBB 


LDY 


»0 






LDA 


(SCRPTR 


,Y (Move bytes 
Ita buffer 




STA 


GRBUF.X 




LDY 


DBLHT 


(Double height? 




BEQ 


QETB. 1 


(No, skip 

X (touble It! 




STA 


BRBUFH 


OETB. 1 


JSR 


NEXTLN 


( Inc pol nter 




INX 






CPY 


»3 


(Double height? 




BCC 


OETB. 2 


(No, skip 




INX 




QETS.2 


CPX 


»a 


(Done 8 bytes? 
(No, do the rest 
Oet width 




BNE 


GET8B 




LDA 


ICAXIZ 




CMP 


»2 


( >17 




BCC 


NOTDBU 


(No, skip 
(Expand em 




JSR 


EXPAND 




LDX 


»7 




DBWl 


LDA 


WIDBUF.) 
BRBUF.i 


(These sections 




STA 


(copy the wide 
(buffer to the 




DEX 






BPL 


DBMl 


(gr print buffer 
(JC send it to B: 




JSR 


GPUTB 




LDX 


• 7 




DBWZ 


LDA 


WIDBUF+a. X 




STA 


SRBUF, X 






DEX 








BPL 


DBH2 






JSR 


OPUTB 






LDA 


ICAXIZ 






CMP 


»3 






BNE 


NOTDBZ 






LDX 


»7 




DBW3 


LDA 


MIDBUF+16. X 




STA 


BRBUF, X 






DEX 








BPL 


DBW3 




NOTDBW 


JSR 


HPUTB 


(Send to Q; 


NOTDBZ 


INC 


COLPTR 


(Move pointer to 
(next column 




BNE 


QR8. 3 




INC 


COLPTR+I 




QR8.3 


INC 


COLCNT 


(Count columns 




LDA 


COLCNT 






CMP 


»40 


(Done 40? 




BNE 


ORa.2 


(No. Do the rest 




CLC 








LDA 


RDHPTR 


(Set row pointer 




ADC 


ROWADD 


(to the next row 




STA 


ROWPTR 






aTA 


COLPTR 


(Also store here 




LDA 


ROMPTR+1 






ADC 


ROWADD-M 






STA 


ROMPTR-H 






STA 


COLPTR+1 






INC 


ROWCNT 


(Count rows 




LDA 


ROWCNT 






CMP 


ENDROW 


(Done all? 




BEQ 


GRaXIT 


(Yes, skip 




JMP 


6Ra. 1 


QRBXIT 


LDA 


»3 


(Reset margin 




STA 


MARBN 




JMP 


aCLOSE 





IMIT 

CLRBUF 



«0 



CLPBUF 
CLP2 



DOS 10 
COPY 



LDA 
TAX 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STA 
STfl 
INX 
BNE 
STA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
STA 
RTS 



LDX »39 (Clear the 310 

LDA »0 (print buffer 

STA PRNBUF,X 

DEX 

BPL CLP2 

RTS 

LDX **0B 

LDA PRNCOn,X (Copy print 

STA DDEVIC.X (commands to 

DEX (the DCB 

BPL COPY 

JMP BIOV 



(Clear the 
(output buffer 
OUTBUF.X 

OUTBUF -stales, x 

OUTBUF+»020»,X 
OUTBUF+S0300, X 
DUTBUF*»040B,X 

CLRBUF 

OUTCNT (Clear character 

OUTCNT+1 (counter 

» <OUTBUF (Set pointer 

OUTPTR (to buffer start 

» >OUTBUF 

OUTPTR+l 



NLN2 

( 

EXPAND 

CLWBUF 

EXPl 
EXP2 
EXP3 



CLC 

LDA SCRPTR 

ADC »40 

STA SCRPTR 

BCC NLN2 

INC SCRPTR+1 

RTS 



(Increment scrn 
(painter by one 
(llne( 40 bytes 



LDX 
LDA 
STfl 
DEX 
BPL 
LDX 
LDA 
STA 
LDA 
LSR 
PHA 
LDY 
PHP 
ROR 
ROR 
ROR 
PLP 
DEY 
BNE 
PLA 
DEC 
BPL 
DEX 
BPL 
RTS 



»23 

«0 

WIDBUF, 

CLWBUF 

• 7 

«7 

BITCNT 

ORBUF, 

A 

ICAXIZ 

WIDBUF 
WIDBUF 
WIDBUF 



(Clear the wide 
(buffer 



(Expand 6 bytes 
(7 bits per byte 



X (Get byte 
(Shift bit 
(Save byte 
(Set width 
(Save status reg 
X (Roll carry 
+8,X (thru 3 bytes 
14. X 
(Restore status 
(Width count 
EXP3 (Not done 

(Restore byte 
BITCNT (Count bits 
EXP2 (Not done yet 

(Count bytes 
EXPl (Not done yet! 
(DONE! ■ '. 



Miscellaneous date 



CIRCLE #139 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



Subrout ines 



DVSAVE 
PRNCOM 



ZPSAVE 

OUTPTR 

XSAVE 

BYTCNT 

BITCNT 

INVERS 

SPLIT 

DONE 

XIO? 

LINIX 

LINNUM 

ROWCNT 

COLCNT 

ROWPTR 

COLPTR 

ROWADD 

ENDROW 

DBLHT 

QRBUF 

WIDBUF 

QRTBL 
QRNUM 
LFNUM 
SPVAL 
I CODES 



MARGN 

LNFEED 

ICLEN 

I 

HEADER 

ORMODE 

OUTCNT 

( 

OUTBUF 

^ND 
I 



. DS 4 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.WORD 
.WORD 
.WORD 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.WORD 
.WORD 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.WORD 
.WORD 
.WORD 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.WORD 
.WORD 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
.BYTE 
. BYTE 
.BYTE 



(DOS vectors 

•40 (Printer 

1 (Device number 

»37 (Write 

*80 (Output 
PRNBUF (Buffer address 

S (Timeout 

*28 (Buffer length 

•4E (Normal print 

(Unused 
0, 0,0, 

(Ptr to buffer 

(Calling lOCB • 

(Byte counter 

(Bit counter 

( Inverse flag 

(Length index 

(Line done flag 

a (XIO flag 

(Screen index 

(« of lines 

(Row counter 

(Column counter 

(Row painter 

(Column pointer 

(Offset to row 

( tt of rows 

(Dbl height flag 
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 

0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 

0,0,0,0 

0, 0.9,0.0.0,0 

74,74, 73,73 

8,?.li 

0.38,38,60,40,80, 120 

27,44 ( Ini t printer 

27,78,3 (Skip perf 

27;77 

3 (Left margin 

27,43 

a (LF (n/72 in. I 



.BYTE 27 
.BYTE 
.WORD 



(Print buffer 



•» RUNAD 
.WORD INSTAL 
.END 



PAGE 86 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



The World's Greatest Printer Utility! 



MegaFont][ + 

The Complete Program Lister 

and Graphics Dumper 

^ by Richard Rognlie and 

^~3 Randy Dellinger 

better than ever . . 
ACE Newsletter 

FASTER DUIVIP — FONT UPLOADER* 




«ite 



. a very good program . 



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Page Designer 

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Page Designer lets you design a full page printout (8 '/2 x 1 1 ) on-screen and then save it 
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Font styles can be mixed in the40 column mode. All graphic and control characters are 
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Typesetter 

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down You have the flexibility to mix graphics, text and graphic 
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TURTLE 



# 



1020 



t 



# 



by Jason Leigh 



The Atari 1020 printer/plotter is an excellent Atari 
product as shown by Tom Hudson's Solid States in 
ANtVLOG Computing, issue 16. 

To an aspiring young programmer, the plotter is 
a marvelous drawing tool. However, unless one knows 
a little trigonometry, it can be difficult to produce 
those intriguing circular patterns created by such lan- 
guages as Logo and Pilot. 

The turtle interpreter. 

Turtle 1020 is an interpreted language written in 
Atari BASIC. The interpreter is a mixture of Pilot, 
Logo and BASIC commands— TURN from Pilot, 
FORWARD from Logo and variable use as in BASIC. 

The editor. 

Turtle 1020 uses the standard Atari editor, in that 
you can edit a line by cursoring up and over to the 
desired Hne. All the usual INSERT and DELETE func- 
tions still work, except each turtle line is limited to 
40 characters in length. The editor assumes that any 
command without a line number is an immediate 
command, and that those preceded by a line num- 
ber from 1 to 199 are program lines. 



The commands. 

All commands are three characters long, with the 
exception of LOAD and SAVE. 

LISxx — Lists lines xx to the end of the pro- 
gram (xx is optional). 

RUN — Executes the turtle program in mem- 
ory. This will blank off the screen to speed up 
the drawing. 

SAVE — Saves the program in memory to cas- 
sette or disk. You will be prompted for a file- 
name, of which C selects cassette and D.fiJename 
selects disk. 

LOAD — Loads the program from cassette or 
disk. LOAD only loads Turtle 1020 files and no 
other. Each turtle program is headed by 2 head- 
er bytes of Is as an identifier. LOAD is operated 
in the same manner as SAVE. 

NEW — Clears all variables and erases the tur- 
tle source code. 

LIP — Lists the entire turtle program to the 
printer/plotter. 

TON — Stands for Trace ON, which allows 
you to see each line as it is processed. 

TOF — Turns the Trace function OFf. 



PAGE 88 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



UTILITY 



Q 




MEM — Displays the number of 40-character 
program lines free. The command takes some 
time to compute, so please be patient. 

SEE — Displays the X and Y position of the 
pen/turtle, as well as the color and angle at which 
the turtle is facing. 

CAT — This was included for the benefit of 
disk users. It will allow you to see the disk direc- 
tory without going to the Disk Utility Package. 
Variables for Turtie 1020 are limited to single- 
character names from A to Z. The contents of 
the variables can be displayed by pressing the 
appropriate key and pressing RETURN. 

DEL — Deletes a range of line numbers. After 
typing DEL and pressing RETURN, you will be 
prompted to enter certain parameters, such as 
starting and ending line to delete. 
Be aware that the above commands can only be 
used in immediate mode. This may make Turtle 1020 
seem rather limited, however it was written primar- 
ily to allow easy creation of pictures on the 1020 plot- 
ter and not as competition for Action! in any way. 

Turtle instructions. 

These instructions are all accessible in both im- 



mediate and program modes. 

A typical turtle line begins with a line number, 
a three-letter instruction and any other data required 
by the instruction, like this: 

19 SET20,28 

Note that no spaces are allowed between an in- 
struction and its parameters. Spaces are allowed be- 
tween two different instructions and between a line 
number and its instruction. Each line can only hold 
one instruction, except when a comparison of true 
and false states is involved. 

IFT GTOl 

This reads IF TRUE GOTO Line 1. The two instruc- 
tions are IF TRUE and GOTO. The interpreter un- 
derstands the following tuBtle instructions: 

REM — This instruction acts as in BASIC. It's 

there to allow insertion of comments and is not 

executed by the turtle program. 

10 REM My first progran 

/ 

TXt — The TeXT instruction puts text onto 
the printer in standard 40-column print. 
18 TMT How to prograw in TURTLE 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 89 




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DEALER 

INQUIRIES 

INVITED 



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Minimum for VISA/MC. Hardware requires additional freight charges. Ohio residents add 5.5% sales tax All items 
subject to availability and price change. 



CIRCLE #140 ON READER SERVICF CARnl 




Turtle 1020 



continued 



PFN — The Print FunctioN allows use of the 
standard printer commands as described in the 
Atari 1020 manual. 

18 PFMt+ Sets printer for 80 colunns 

GRH — GRapHics sets the printer to plotter 
mode. 

le GRH 

COL — COLor sets the color of the pen to any 
of the four pen colors. 

18 COLl Sets color to 1 

18 COLA Sets color to nuHber 

in variable A 

PND — PeN Down puts the pen down, so that 
the plotter will actually draw. 

PNU — PeN Up pulls the pen up, so that the 
pen cartridge/turtle only moves; it doesn't draw. 
18 PND and 18 PNU 

HME — HoME sets the pen to home position 
(240,0). 



Sets the 


pen 


to location 


1 across 


and 


2 down. 


Sets the 


pen 


to location 


tk across 


and 


B down. 



18 HHE 

ORG — This instruction sets the pen to 0,0. 

SET — This places the pen at a specified lo- 
cation. If the pen is down when SET is issued, 
a line will be drawn to this new position. 

18 SET1,2 
18 SETA,B 

Note that turtle uses the Cartesian plane when 
drawing, so a positive Y-value is up and a nega- 
tive is down. 

TRN — TuRN causes the angle to increase or 
decrease, depending on the sign. 

18 TRHie Turn 18 degrees clockwise. 
18 TRH-ie Turn 18 degrees counter- 
clockwise. 
18 TRHK Turn K degrees. 

TTO — Turn TO makes the turtle point at an 
exact direction. 



18 TT02e 



and 



TTOF 



18 

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■■I 



[CIRCLE #140 ON READER SERVICE CARD| 



Turtle 1020 



cojrtinued 



FOR — FORward moves the pen forward a 
specified number of steps. 

10 F0R2e and FORC 

BAG — BACkward operates in the same way 
as FOR, except in the opposite direction. 

GTO — GoTO places program control to a cer- 
tain line number. 



Goto line 20 
Goto line B 



10 GT02e 
16 GTOB 

CLR — CLeaR sets all variables to 0. 

END — This simply returns control to the user, 
terminating the turtle program. 

ACC — ACCept acts like INPUT as in BASIC. 
It puts your numerical input into a variable. 

10 flCCX Your entry will be stored 

in variable X 

TST — TeST checks whether the following 
comparison is true or false. 
10 T5TA>B Test if ft is greater than B 
10 T5TC=D Test if C equals D 

The tests allowed are > . < and = . 

IFT _ IF True allows the following instruc- 
tion on the same line to be executed if the TST 
was successful. 

10 TSTflrO 

20 IFT TKT ft equals zero 

IFF — IF False acts in the same way as IFT, 
except the instruction is executed only if the TST 
condition was false. 

REP — The REPeat instruction allows a cer- 
tain range of lines to be repeatedly executed. The 
instruction requires a variable and a number to 
specify the number of repeats. 

10 REPYIO Repeat 10 times; variable 
Y is used to keep track 
of which loop is executing. 

ELP — End LooP closes the above loop. 

20 ELPY Close the repeat loop 

opened by v in line lo. 

Math pack. 

Turtle 1020 supports: addition [ + ), subtraction 
(- ), muhiplication [*], division (/] and exponentia- 
tion (A). These are used in the same way as in BA- 
SIC (e.g., A = 2 + 3*4). However, it does not follow 
true algebraic logic and, hence, performs the opera- 
tor as it detects it. In the above example, 2 will be 
added to 3 before being multiplied by 4. Further ex- 
amples; 10 A = BAC; and 20 Z = A + B-C*D/E. 

To generate a random number, use RND and a 
number [e. g. , X = RNDIO] . This yields a random num- 
ber between 1 and 10, to be stored in variable X. 

("continued on next page) 





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CIRCLE #141 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 93 




Turtle 1020 



continued 



Turtle error messages. 

All errors are translated into English, except for 
the input/output errors from disk or cassette. You'll 
have to consult your BASIC nranual for the defini- 
tion of these errors. 

The errors which are translated into English are: 

Command error — This occurs when you at- 
tempt to use an unknown command or instruc- 
tion. 

Illegal variable — This occurs when you at- 
tempt to use a variable other than those between 
A and Z. 

Printer error — This occurs if you execute a 
printer command or turtle program without the 
printer being in its proper state of operation. 

Illegal function — You will encounter this er- 
ror if you use a mathematical function not in the 
categories mentioned earlier. 

Line too long — This occurs when your tur- 
tle program line length exceeds 40 characters. 

Overflow — Any variable holding a number 
either too large for BASIC to handle or divided 
by will cause this error. 

Illegal input — This occurs when you attempt 
to enter a non-numerical input. 

Illegal line number — If your line number ex- 
ceeds 199 or is less than 0, this error message 
will be issued. 

All errors will be signaled by a bell, and the line 
at which the error occurred will be returned if in pro- 
gram execution mode. 

Final words. 

That's Turtle 1020 in its entirety. If for any reason 
there's a program error or you pressed the BREAK 
key, you may resume Turtle 1020 by typing: 
GOTO go 

If this doesn't help, you'll have to RUN the BASIC 
program from the start. 

I've included two turtle programs for you to try out 
using Turtle 1020. The first performs a TO SQUIRAL, 
a procedure recognized by many Logo and Pilot 
users. The second is a kaleidoscope generator, in 
which each design generated is completely different. 
It will prompt you for an input to represent the num- 
ber of loops it's to perform. D 

Jason Leigh graduated from King George V School 
in Hong Kong two years ago and is now a Computer 
Science student at the University of Utah. He's been 
working enthusiasticaiJy wifh the Atari since he was 
a pupil at Kowloon junior School. 



Listing 1. 
BASIC listing. 

10 REM TURTLE 1028 By Jason Leigh 

20 REH 

30 DEG :REflD BEEP, PROMPT, CR, BELL, K1,K2 

, K3 , K4 , K27 , K40 , K65 : BATft 1080 , 36 , 155 , 25 

3,1,2,3,4,27,40,65 

40 DIM PR0G5<80003 llPROG$=CHR$CCR) :PROG 

$ (8000} =PR0GS : PROGS (K2) =PROGS 

50 DIM LIHE5{255} ,DftTS(255),H0StK4},ift( 

26} , B (26} . C (26} , A5 (K4} , CS C39} , DS C128} 

60 CS-CHRS (CR} : CS (35} =C$ : C$ (K2} :=C5 

70 FOR T=KO TO 26 : A (T}=KO IB (T} =K0 : C (T} 

=KO:MEXT T 

80 ? CHR5 (125} ; "TURTLE 1020":? 

90 E»E=K0:G05UB 1110:PDKE 82, Kl:? CHRS 

(30} ; CHRS (K27} ; CHRS (31} ; : POKE 82 , K2 : IH 

PUT «16, LINES 

100 IF HOT LEN (LINES} THEN GOTO PROMP 

110 IF LEH (LINES} =K1 THEN A=A5C (LINES} 
:IF A>47 AND A<58 THEN 140 
120 TRAP 540: IF LEN (LINES} =K1 THEN A=A 
(A5C (LINES} -K65}:? LINES;"="; A :GOTO PR 
OMPT 

130 IF LINES="DEL" THEN 1900 
140 IF LIHES="CAT" OR LINES="DIR" THEN 
1810 

150 IF LINES="T0N" THEN TRrKl :TR0H=34 : 

GOTO BEEP 

160 IF LIHES="TOF" THEN TR^KO : TRON=KO : 

GOTO BEEP 

170 IF LIHES=:"NEH" THEN RUN 

180 IF HNES="MEM" THEN 1650 

190 IF LINES="LOAD" THEN 1440 

200 IF LINE5="5AUE" THEN 5A=K1:G0T0 14 

40 

210^fl=ASC (LINES}; IF A>47 AND A<58 THEN 

220 IF LINES="RUN" THEN 850 

230 IF LINES (K1,K3}="LI5" THEN A=K0:G0 

5UB 560 .-GOTO BEEP 

240 IF LINES (K1,K3}="LIP" THEN TRAP 62 

f:CLg5E ttK3:0PEN ttK3,8,K0,"P:": A=K3:G0 

5UB 560: GOTO BEEP 

250 IF LINES="5EE" THEN ? "K=";INT (K} ; 

" Y=:";IMT(V};" C0L0Ri:";C;" ANGLEi:";ANG 

LE:G0T0 BEEP 

260 DATS=HNES:N0S=DATS(K1,K3} :TRAP 62 

270 IF N0S="REM" then GOTO BEEP 

280 IF NOS="T}tT" THEN CL05E ttK2:0PEN tt 

K2 , 8 , KO , "P : " : ? ttK2 ; DATS (K4} : ? ttK2 ; CHRS 

(K27}; CHRS (7}: GOTO BEEP 

290 IF HOS="PFN" THEN ? «K2;DATS(K4} :G 

OTO BEEP 

^SSiK."?!^"'"'*"" THEN ? «K2;CHRS(K27}; 

CHRS (7} :GOTO BEEP 

310 IF N0S(K2,K2}="-" THEN 1120 

320 TRAP 940: IF NOS="COL" THEN C=UAL(D 

ATS (K4} }: TRAP 620:? «K2; "C";C:GOTO BEE 

330 IF NOS="PMD" THEN P=K1 : GOTO BEEP 
340 IF H0S="PMU" THEN P=KO : GOTO BEEP 
350 TRAP 620: IF NOS="HME" THEN K=240:V 
=KO:AHGLE=KO:? ttK2;"M";K;","; Y:G0T0 BE 

360 IF NOS="SET" THEN 990 

5??rrIIi5P J^®i" N0S3:"TRM" THEN ANGLE=A 

NGLE+UAL (DATS (K4} }: GOTO BEEP 

380 TRAP 960: IF NOS="TTO" THEM AMGLE=g 

AL (DATS (K4} }: GOTO BEEP 

390 TRAP 970: IF NOS="BAC" THEN 638 

5?S ?SS£ l§g = JE J{9l="'F0'*" THEN 680 
410 TRAP 520: IF NOS="GTO" THEN EKE=K1: 

PS^.ri^'*' '• T= tV'*'- t^flTS (K4} } -Kl} »K40 : GOT 
U DtEP 



PAGE 94 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



420 IF MOS="REP" THEN £:: tflSC tDflTS (K4J J 

-K65J :CtEJ=VflLCDftTSC5>) :B tE>=I :ft tE}=KO 

:GOTO BEEP 

430 IF HOS="ELP" THEM E=: tASC tDftlS (K4) > 

-K65} :fi(E)=AtEJ+Kl:IF AtEXCtE) THEN I 

=BCE) :GOTO BEEP 

440 IF HOS="ELP" THEM GOTO BEEP 

450 TRfiP 620: IF HOS="'ORG" THEM X=KO:V= 

KO".? ttK2;"H":G0T0 BEEP 

460 IF MOS=:"CLR" THEN FOR T=KO TO 26:A 

tT)=KO:BtT)=KO:C(T)=KO:NEKT T:GOTO BEE 

P 

470 IF NOS="TST" THEN 1670 

480 IF NOS="IFF" THEN 1750 

490 IF MOS="IFT" THEN 1780 

580 IF NOS="END" THEN EXE=K8:G0T0 BEEP 

510 TRftP 550: IF M0Sr"flCC"' THEM POKE 55 

9,34: fl=A5C (DATS {K4) J -K65 : INPUT B : TRAP 

540:ACA}=B:P0KE 559, IRON :GOTO BEEP 

520 ? CHRSCBELL};"C0HMand error": GOTO 



1420 

530 ' 



line nuMber" 



CHR5(BELL) ;"Illegal 
:G0T0 1420 

540 ? CHRS(BELLJ;"inegal variable"':60 
TO 1420 

550 IF PEEK (195) =8 THEM ? CHRS (BELL) ; " 
Illegal inpuf:G0T0 1420 ^ ^ 

560 TRAP BEEP:? «A:T=KO:IF LEMtLIMES)> 
K3 THEN T={VAL CLIMES CK4))-K1J*K40 
570 T=T+K40:IF ASCtPROGS (T)3 OCR THEN 
600 
580 G05UB 1480:IF T>7960 OR T>PRO THEN 

RETURN 
590 GOTO 570 

600 ? ttA;T/K40;" ■■;:F0R R=T TO T+39:IF 
A5CtPR0GS{R)3 OCR THEN NEXT R:? »A;PR 
0GS<T,T+39) :G0T0 580 
610 ? ttA ; PROGS CT, R-Kl) : GOTO 580 
620 ? CHRStBELLJ;"Printer error":G0T0 
PROMPT 

630 L0NG=VAL(DATS(K4)) 

640 TRAP 620:DEG : V1=C0S<ANGLE)«L0MG:X 
1=5IM(ANGLE3»L0MG 

650 IF P THEM ? ttK2; "D"; X-Xl; ", "; Y-Vl 
660 IF MOT P THEM ? «K2;"M"; K-Hl; ", "J 
V-Vl 

670 X=X-Hl:Y=Y-Vl:GOT0 BEEP 
680 L0NG=VAL(DATS(K4)) 

690 TRAP 620:DEG : Yl-COS tANGLEJ«LONG:X 
1=5IN(ANGLEJ»L0NG 

700 IF P THEN ? «K2;"D";X+X1 ;■',"; Y+Yl 
710 IF NOT P THEN ? ttK2; "M" ; X+Kl ; ", "; 
Y+Vl 

720 X-X+Xl:Y=Y+Yl:GOTO BEEP 
730 IF LENCLINESXK3 THEN 750 
740 IF LENCLINES)>39 THEN ? CHRS(BELL) 
;"Line too long":G0T0^PR0MPT ^ „^ 
750 L=LEH (LINES) : LINES (L+K1)=CHRS CCR) 
760 FOR T=K1 TO L : A=A5C(LIMES (T)) :IF A 
>47 AND A<58 THEN NEXT T 
770 LINE=VAL(LIMES(K1,T)):L1=T 
780 IF LINE>199 OR LIME<K1 THEN ? CHRS 
(BELL);"Illegal line nuHber":GOTO PROM 
PT 

790 PROGS (LINE»K40,LINE*K40+39)=CS 
800 IF L<L1 THEN GOTO PROMPT 
810 IF A5C (LIMES CLD) =32 THEN L1=L1+K1 
:GOTO 810 

820 IF LEN (LINES) -LKK3 THEN 520 
830 PROGS (LINE*K40,LINE»K40+L-L1+K1)=L 
IMES(L1):IF LINE»K40>PR0 THEN PRO^LINE 
*K40 

840 GOTO PROMPT 

850 TRAP 620:CL05E nK2:0PEN ttK2,8,K0," 
piiiipgKjgl 559 TRON 

860 ' I=KO : EXE^Kl : AMGLE=KO : X=K0 : Y=KO : FOR 
T=K0 TO 26:A(T)=K0:B(T)=K0:C(T)=K0:ME 
XT T:C=KO:P=KO 



870 TRAP 530:LIMES="":E=K0:I=I+K40:IF 

ASC (PROGS (I)) OCR THEN 900 

880 IF I>7960 OR I>PRO THEN EXE=KO:GOT 

PROMPT 

890 GOTO 870 

900 FOR R=I TO 1+39: IF ASC (PROGS (R)) O 

CR THEN E=E+K1:HNES(E,E)=PR0GS(R) :S=K 

l:NEXT R:G0T0 920 

910 IF S THEN 5=K0:G0T0 920 

920 GOSUB 140O:IF TR THEN ? I/K40;" "; 

LINES 

930 GOTO 260 

940 TRAP 620:C=A(A5C(DATS(K4))-K65) :? 

1»K2;"C";C:G0T0 BEEP 

950 TRAP 520 :ANGLE=ANGLE+A (ASC (DATS (K4 

))-K65) :GOTO BEEP 

960 TRAP 520 :ANGLE=A (ASC (DATS (K4)}-K65 

) :G0T0 BEEP 

970 TRAP 520 :LONG=A (ASC (DATS (K4})-K65] 

:GOTO 640 

980 TRAP 520 :LOMG=A (ASC (DATS (K4))-K65) 

:GDTO 690 

990 T1=K1:A=ASC(DATS(K4))-K65:IF A>=K0 

AMD A<K27 THEN 1040 
1000 FOR T=K4 TO LEN(DATS):IF DATS(T,T 
) O"," THEN NEXT T 
1010 T1=T+K1 : X=yAL (DATS (K4 , T-Kl) ) 
1020 A=ASC(DATS(T1))-K65:IF A>=KO AND 
A<K27 THEN 1050 

1030 Y=UAL(DATS(T1)) :GOTO 1060 
1040 X=A(A) :Tl=e:GOTD 1020 
1050 Y=A(A) 

1060 TRAP 620:IF P THEN ? «K2; "D'^X;", 
";Y 

1070 IF NOT P THEN ? ltK2;"M"; X;", "; Y 
1080 IF ANGLE>360 OR ANGLE<-360 THEN A 
=INT (AMGLE/360] : AMGLE=ANGLE-A»360 
1090 IF EKE THEN 880 

1100 ? :? "0kay":P0KE 752,K0:G0T0 PROM 
PT 

1110 FOR T=10 TO K0 STEP -K1:S0UND Kl, 
240,10,T:MEXT T:P0KE 559,34 :RETURM 
1120 TRAP 1130:IF DATS (K3 ,5) ="RMD" THE 
N 1850 

1130 y=ASC(H0S)-K65:ACC=K0 
1140 IF U<KO THEN 540 

1150 Z=K3:G0SUB 1290 : ACC=N: T2=T1 :NEG=K 


1160 Z=Tl+Kl:GOSUB 1290 : N2=N :T3=T1 :NEG 
=K0 

1170 AS=DATS(T2,T2) 
1180 TRAP 1250 

THEM ACC=ACC+M2:G0T0 12 



"■+■ 



THEN ACC=ACC-N2:G0T0 12 
THEN ACC=ACC/N2:G0T0 12 



THEN ACC=ACC'^N2:G0T0 12 



1190 IF AS: 

60 

1200 IF AS3"-" 

60 

1210 IF AS="/" 

60 

1220 IF AS="*" then ACC=ACC»N2:G0T0 12 

60 

1230 IF AS="a" 

60 

1240 ? CHRS (BELL) ;"Illegal function":G 

OTO PROMPT 

1250 ? CHRSCBELL) ;"0verflOW":G0T0 PROM 

PT 

1260 T2=T3:T1=T3 

1270 IF S THEN A (V) =ACC : GOTO BEEP 

1280 GOTO 1160 

1290 TRAP 1390:A=ASC{DATS(2))-K65:IF A 

>=K0 AND A<K27 THEN 1360 

1300 NEG=KO:AS=DATS{Z,Z) :IF AS="-" OR 

flS="+" THEN Z=Z+Kl:MEG=Kl:A=ASC(DATS(Z 

))-K65:IF A>=Ke AND A<K27 THEM 1360 

1310 S=KO:FOR T=Z TO LEM (DATS) : A=ASC CD 

ATS(T)):IF A=46 OR A>47 AMD A<59 THEM 

NEXT T 

1320 IF NEG THEM Z=Z-K1 :NEG=KO 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 95 




Turtle 1020 



continued 



1330 H-MftLCDATS{Z,T-KlJ5 :T1=T 

1340 IF T>-LENCDftTS) THEN S=K1 

1350 RETURN 

1360 Ul=fl:IF HEG AND A$="-" THEN N=-ftt 

Ul) :G0T0 1380 

1370 N=A(U1) 

1380 T1=Z+K1:T=T1-K1:G0T0 1340 

1390 S=K1:G0T0 1270 

1400 IF PEEK 1764)0255 THEN POKE 764,2 

55:? "Break": GOTO 1420 

1410 POKE 764,255:RETURN 

1420 IF EKE THEN ? "at line tt";I/K40:E 

KE=KO 

1430 GOTO PROMPT 

1440 ? "Enter Filena«e->"; :INPUT ttl6,D 

ATS 

1450 TRAP 1550:CL05E ttK3:IF 5A THEN 5A 

=KO:GOTO 1570 

1460 OPEN ttK3,K4,K0,DAT$:A=K0 

1470 GET ttK3,I:GET aK3,K 

1480 IF lOKl OR KOKl THEN ? :? CHRSt 

BELL);"Hot a TURTLE 1020 file":GOTO BE 

EP 

1490 GET ttK3,PR0:PR0=PR0KK40 

1500 GET ttK3,LIHE 

1510 GET 11K3,D:IF D=255 THEN 1540 

1520 PROGS CLINE«K40+A,LINE*K40+A1=CHRS 

tDJ :fl=A+Kl 

1530 GOTO 1510 

1540 A=K0:G0T0 1500 

1550 IF PEEK<135)<>136 THEN ? :? CHRSC 

BELL); "I/O error tt ";PEEKC195) 

1560 GOTO BEEP 

1570 OPEN «K3,8,K0,DATS:A=K0:T-K0 

1580 PUT ttK3,Kl:PUT 1IK3,K1 

1590 PUT ttK3,PR0/K40 

1600 T::T+K40:IF ftSC tPROGS CT)) OCR THEN 

1630 
1610 IF T>7960 OR T>PRO THEN CL05E 113: 
GOTO BEEP 
1620 GOTO 1600 

1630 PUT ttK3,T/K40:F0R R=T TO T+39:IF 
A5CCPR0G5(R))OCR THEN PUT ttK3,A5C(PR0 
GSCR)) :5rKl:NEXT R:GOTO 1610 
1640 IF 5 THEN 5=K0:PUT «K3, 255: GOTO 1 
610 

1650 R=K0:F0R T=K40 TO 8000 5TEP K40:I 

F A5CCPR0GSCT))=CR THEN R=R+K1 

1660 NEXT T:? Rj" LINES FREE":60T0 BEE 

P 

1670 TRAP 520:A=A5CCDATSCK4})-K65:A=A( 

A) 

1680 B=A5CtDATS<6))-K65:IF B>-K1 AND B 

<26 THEN B=A(B):G0TO 1700 

1690 B=VALCDATSC6)) 

1700 C=A5CCDATS(5)) :STA=KO 

1710 IF C=60 THEN 5TA=A<B:G0T0 BEEP 

1720 IF C=62 THEN 5TA=A>B:G0T0 BEEP 

1730 IF C=61 AND A=B THEN 5TA=K1:G0T0 

BEEP 

1740 GOTO BEEP 

1750 TRAP 520:T=K4:IF 5TA THEN GOTO BE 

EP 

1760 IF DATSCT,T)=" " THEN T-T+K1:G0T0 

1760 

1770 LIHES= LIHES=DATStT) :GOTO 260 

1780 TRAP 520:T=K4:IF NOT 5TA THEN GO 

TO BEEP 

1790 IF DATS(T,T)=" " THEN T=T+K1:G0T0 

1790 
ISee LINES-"" : LINES=DATS (T) : GOTO 260 
1810 ? :? " DISK CATALOG":? 
1820 TRAP 1550: CLOSE nK3:0PEN ttK3,6,K0 
,"D:*.»":TRAP 1840 
1830 INPUT ttK3,DS:? DS:GOTO 1830 
1840 ? :G0T0 BEEP 
1850 TRAP 520 

I860 U=ASCCDATSf6))-K65:IF U>=:KO AND U 
<K27 THEN A=A(U):GOTO 1880 



1870 A=UAL(DATSC6)} 

1880 U=ASC (NOS) -K65 : A iVi =INT (RND f K0)*A 

)+Kl:GOTO BEEP 

1890 U=A5CCDATSfK4))-K65:I={ACU)-Kl)»K 

40:GDT0 BEEP 

1900 ? "DELETE FROM LINE tt->";:IHPUT L 

:? "TO LINE «->";:INPUT LI 

1910 IF L>-L1 THEN ? CHRS tBELL) ; "II leg 

al values":GOTO PROMPT 

1920 IF Ll>199 OR L<K1 THEN L=K1:L1=K0 

:GOTO 1910 

1930 ? "DELETE LINE ";L;" TO ";L1;" CV 

/N)"; :INPUT LINES 

1940 IF LINES (K1,K1)-"V" THEN ? "DELET 

ING":GOTO 1960 

1950 GOTO PROMPT 

1960 FOR T=L«K40 TO L1»K40 STEP K40:PR 

OGStT,T)=CHRStCR) :NEXT T:GOTO BEEP 



CHECKSUM DATA. 

fsee page 18) 

10 DATA 957,253,195,882,49,155,153,876 

,710,297,922,100,778,659,363,7349 

160 DATA 355,981,801,498,336,188,580,2 

94,362,345,22,283,542,21,54,5662 

310 DATA 818,364,699,716,888,318,591,8 

06,428,476,368,387,271,276,527,7933 

460 DATA 690,188,113,136,883,768,53,15 

4,613,543,757,280,363,747,61,6349 

610 DATA 89,628,112,518,546,97,805,127 

, 533 , 521 , 76 , 784 , 581 , 369 , 964 , 6750 

'^lio'^SJS ?55' 77, 432, 575, 93,655, 916, 296 

,382,969,625,133,251,759,766,7783 

910 DATA 657 , 561 , 728 , 944 , 344 , 549 , 786 , 7 

?2£i*^lS''**'^'*^' 218.883,118, 341, 8244 

1060 DATA 875,560,822,456,401,166,45,1 

?ijS*2i^^^'^^'''81'',682,19,21,5875 

i^i^-r'^^IS 19' Al' 228' 540, 981, 237, 256, 72 

3,233,128,534,989,755,819,793,7249 

1360 DATA 117,603,840,688,273,397,706, 

545,789,530,423,1,12,33,243,6200 

1510 DATA 115,961,721,672,106,927,61,2 

86,573,520,40,722,211,55,322,6292 

1660 DATA 139,984,561,608,202,594,599, 

286,931,424,540,670,938,546,666,8688 

1810 DATA 588, 639, 775, 235, 868, 2i7, 611, 

814 , 157 , 119 , 645 , 901 , 835 , 632 , 562 , 8598 

1960 DATA 110,110 



Listing 2. 



GRH 

C0L2 

SET24«, 

PND 

REPAie 

F0R5 

TRN89 

8 5=5*2 

9 ELPA 



Listing 3. 



4 accY 

E GRH 

8 C=RND4 

5 5=RN»e8 
18 C=C-1 
12 COLC 
14 TTOfl 
16 D=RHD5 
18 D=D-1 

28 F=iHne+iee 

22 REPBe 



24 PNU 

26 5ET24e,-SI 

27 TRN6e 

28 FORS 
38 PND 
32 GTOF 
36 ELPB 
38 T5TZ>Y 
48 IFTGT04e 
42 Z=Z+1 

44 GT08 
46 END 
188 TRN-38 

181 REPA3 

182 FORS 

183 TRN12e 

184 ELPA 

185 TRN3e 

186 GT036 
lie TRN-45 

111 REPA4 

112 F0R5 

113 TRM58 

114 ELPA 
lis TRN45 
116 GTa36 

120 TRN-67.S 

121 REPA8 

122 E=S/2 



123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
138 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
136 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
145 
ISO 
151 
152 
153 



FORE 

TRN45 

ELPA 

TRN67.S 

GT036 

TRH-18 

REPAS 

F0R5 

TRN144 

ELPA 

TRN18 

GT03e 

TRM-60 

FORS 

TRN68 

FORS 

TRN12e 

FORS 

TRH-68 

FORS 

TRH120 

FORS 

TRN68 

FORS 

TRN128 

eT036 



PAGE 96 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



ON-LINE 



Getting in on the Action! 



by Russ Wetmore 



This article, both part one [ANALOG Computing, 

issue 32] and this month's segment, was written for 
advanced programmers. Don't feel badly if you've 
dabbled a httle in Action! and can't make any sense 
out of the examples in this article. Some of the con- 
cepts are quite advanced and are mainly aimed at 
the experienced programmer who wants to squeeze 
more functionahty out of the Action! cartridge. 
Modularizing. 

I recently completed a major undertaking in Ac- 
tion!— an integrated three-program package called 
HomePak. All together, these three programs take up 
about 64K of disk space, not counting the various 
global subprograms required, like an RS232 handler, 
character sets, etc. 

Two of the programs were too large to compile us- 
ing standard methods. I faced an interesting deci- 
sion: recede substantial portions of the program in 
assembly language (avoiding such being one major 
reason I did it in a high-level language to begin with) 
or leave out possible features in order to save space. 

I hit upon another option: compihng the program 
in pieces. In fact, this saved me time, as I didn't have 
to compile the whole program every time. Let's face 
it. Many portions of an Action! program are static 

ANALOG COMPUTING 



variables and arrays that almost never change. Why 
compile them every time, just to find out their ad- 
dresses so that the rest of the program can tell where 
they reside? 

There's an "undocumented" feature of the Action! 
cart you need to know before you can do this. I'll 
describe it first. 

Compilation offset. 

In page 0, $B5-$B6 is used by the compiler as a 
compilation offset value. The three HomePak pro- 
grams reside at $3400, which is well above the $2404 
address that the cart tells me is my LOMEM value. 
The manual tells you that you can do the following: 

5ET SE = 53400 
SET 5491 - 53480 

to set the base address to $3400, but this throws away 
a good 4K(!) of memory I need to compile to. A bet- 
ter way of handhng it is to compile the program to 
the LOMEM address, but specify an offset to the com- 
piler. That way, when the program gets written out 
to disk, it loads at the proper address. You can do 
this by putting a value in $B5-$B6 (using the set com- 
mand), which is your base address minus the LO- 
MEM address found at $491. Thus, if your LOMEM 
value is $2404, and you want your program to load 
at $4000, you'd put: 
SET SB5=5iBFC ; CwhiCh is 54009-524045 

OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 97 




ON-LINE 



continued 



at the very beginning of your program. The program, 
when compiled, would reside in memory during 
compilation at the $2404 LOMEM address, but when 
written to disk, will appear to load at $4000. 

In order for this to work properly, check the value 
at $491 while the edit buffer is empty. Since any pro- 
gram in memory pushes up the LOMEM value, you'll 
have to do your compiling from disk, rather than from 
memory. It's either that, or check the value every time 
you want to compile, and alter the program accord- 
ingly. 

Note: There are a couple of bugs in the current ver- 
sion of the cart that effect the offset value. Negative 
offsets don't work, so you can't use this trick to com- 
pile below the LOMEM address. Also, there is a sub- 
tle bug involving type definitions. If you use the 
$B5-$B6 offset, and yom- program uses the type con- 
struct, you must set the offset to before any type 
definition — and set it back to its original value af- 
terwards. Example: 

MODULE ;ExaHple 1 
SET 5B5 = SlBFC 

; (coHPile to |:40Se, 

;froM LOMEM of $2404) 



BYTE 
i . Ji 



;soMe variable definitions 



5ET SB5 = 

SET $B6 = 8 ; account for bug 

; involving TYPE statewents 
TYPE DISK = t CARD sector BYTE pos 1 
SET 5B5 - SlBFC ;return offset to what 
;it used to be 

Notice that I had to do two set statements, because 
the Action! compiler will always try to make a set 
value a byte, if it can. We need to set the card at $B5, 
so we need to set each byte of the card value. 
Getting down to it. 

Now we know how to tell Action! where we want 
our modules to reside. I generally have a file named 
GLOBALS.H, which is my header file with seldom- 
changed global variables. I compile this separately, 
to the desired base address of my whole program. 

Once the compilation is finished and I've written 
the program to a disk file, I use the debugging por- 
tion of the monitor to find the end addresses of those 
variables. (Once a program is compiled — and before 
any system errors occur — use the program variables 
in the monitor as you would constants.) 

Let's take an example. Type this in and save it to 
disk as EXAMPLE2.ACT: 

MODULE ; Exanple 2 

; This is wy global variable file 

SET SB5 = SlBFC 



SO ppograM conpiles to $4000 froH 
$2404 LOMEM. Note: your systeH 
probably has a different address 
for LOMEM than Hine. The value for 
LOMEM will differ depending on what 
DOS you're using, how Hany drives 
and file buffers you have allocated, 
etc. Do a ?5491 at the Monitor 
with an ewpty edit buffer to find 
your LOMEM, and subtract it from 
S40ee to get the proper SET value 
for your coMputer. 

BYTE 

two = 123, three = 131, four = 143 

Okay, okay, it's short. But, then, this is just an ex- 
ample, right? 

After you've written the file to disk, be sure to clear 
the source from memory, so your LOMEM value is 
correct. Compile the module using the command C 
D:EXAMPLE2.ACT. Once it's compiled, type in W 
EXAMPLE2.0B] at the monitor, to write your object 
file to disk. Now, type this in: 

?two 

?three 

?four 

This tells us the addresses of our byte variables, 
two, three and four. (You should get the values $4000, 
$4001 and $4002, respectively.] The last step is to 
type in ?$E to get the address of the end of the pro- 
gram, which should return the value $2407 (or what- 
ever your LOMEM value is, plus 3]. 

Some of you are ahead of me, I can tell — the val- 
ue returned is the proper value, all right, but rela- 
tive to the object file as it currently exists in memory. 
You have to add your set value to it to get the final 
address, so $2407 + $1BFC (or whatever your values 
are) = $4003 —which is what we expect it to be. 

Now we can start with our second module. Type 
this in: 



MODULE ; 
SET SB5 = 



^xanple 3 
>1BFF 



; Mote that this value is S4003 cthe 
; address of the byte following the 
; first nodule) Minus S2484, My LOMEM 
; address, ftgain, as in Exanple 2, 
; adjust your values accordingly. 

; First off, we have to tell this 
; Module where our globals are: 

BYTE 

two = S40ee, three = $4001, 
four = $4002 

; Now, for this Module's code: 

PROC Maine) 
BYTE 

I* JF k 

i = two + three 

j = three + four 

k = two + three + four 



PAGE 98 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



PrintFC"i=ZU, j=>'.U, k=J'.U>^E", 
i, j, kJ 
RETURN 

Save this source file to disk as EXAMPLES. ACT. 
Clear the source code from memory, then go to the 
monitor and type C EXAMPLES. ACT to compile it. 
Type W EXAMPLE3.0BJ to write the object code to 
disk. 

We now have two object files on disk. Exit Action! 
to DOS and type in the following at the DUP.SYS 
menu: 

C [RETURN] 

EXAMPLES. OBJ, E}fftMPLE2 . OBJ/'A [RETURN] 

This appends the second module onto the first. You 
can now run EXAMPLE2.0BJ, and the result: 
i=5, j=7, k=9 

should be printed to your screen. 

Using variations of this procedure, you can create 
programs that are much larger than can be physical- 
ly compiled. You'll save time, since you won't have 
to recompile everything, every time. 
ON X GOSUB/GOTO. 

There's a C language construct whereby you can 
pass the address of a function to a function. (For tliose 
of you who don't know C, you might want to skip 
over this section; I'm using C here because the ex- 
amples will serve as a basis for its emulation in Ac- 
tion!) Here's a short example: 

/» Exanple 4 */ 

static void PrtHuw(nuH) 
unsigned char nun; 

printff'We want to print '■> ; 
printff'the nuMber '/.u here", nuH) ; 

static void PrintANuwber (routine, nuwJ 
void <*routine) t) ; 
unsigned char nun; 
C 

t*routineJ (nun) ; 
} 

void nainO 
C 

PrintANunberCPrtNun, 5); 
> 

PrintANumber in the above example takes the ad- 
dress of a function as its argument, and executes it 
directly. Since the PrtNum routine (actually, the ad- 
dress of Prt Num] is passed, it is executed at the Prin- 
tANumber call in the main function. 

We can carry this concept a little further — by us- 
ing arrays of addresses to fmrctions. This gives us 
the tools we need to do our emulation of BASIC'S 
ONxGOSUB function: 



/* Exanple 5 */ 

/* Global declarations */ 

/* 
FUNCPTR is typed as a pointer to a 
function returning void (no value) 

»/ 

typedef void (»FUNCPTR) O ; 

/» 
Here, we have to tell the conpiler 
ahead of tine what we're up to: 
we're using these nanes as functions 
returning void 

«/ 

void PrintlO, PrintZCJ, Print3<); 

/* 
routines is an array of pointers 
to functions returning void 
fn'est-ce P3S?J 

FUNCPTR routines!] = 

{ Printl, Print2, Print3 J; 

static void Printio 
{ 

putsC'Subroutine nunber l\n") ; 
} 

static void Print2<) 
C 

puts ("Subroutine nunber 2\n") ; 
} 

static void PrintSO 
i 

putsC'Subroutine nunber 3\n") ; 

void nainO 
t 

unsigned char i ; 

for (i = e; i <= 2; ++i} 
(«routines[i]) () ; 
} 

This little program does a lot. First, it executes a 
"for" loop for the values between and 2. The "point- 
er" to the desired function is fetched (routinesfij), 
which is then executed directly. Routines[J is an "ar- 
ray of pointers" to functions, with three elements 
(numbered to 2). 

This example has the same function as BASIC'S 

ONxGOSUB. The equivalent BASIC would be: 

REM BA5IC version of C code 

18 FOR H-l TO 3 

20 ON K G05UB 100,288,300 

30 NEKT X 

48 END 

180 PRINT "Subroutine «1":RETURN 

280 PRINT "Subroutine tt2": RETURN 

380 PRINT "Subroutine tt3":RETURN 

Translating to Action! 

We can carry these same basic concepts over to 
Action! There's an eccentricity of the compiler that 
we need to know first. We can't declare an array of 
procs or funcs, because such a declaration requires 
a constant at compile time. 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 /PAGE 99 




ON-LINE 



continued 



We can, however, declare a code block that includes 
proc and func addresses, and point an array name 
to it. For example, to emulate the C example above 
in Action!, we'd do the following: 

MODULE ; Action! version of Exanple 5 

; First, let's define the PROC's 
; to be called: 

PROC Printl=»tJ 

PrintEC-HuMber 1"J 
RETURN 

PROC Print2r«tJ 

PrintEC-HUHber 2"> 
RETURN 

PROC Print3=«(} 

PrintEC'NUHber 3"J 
RETURN 

Next, we define a duHny PROC which 
holds the addresses of the PROC's 
we want to execute: 

CMe can't define these in a 
CARD ARRAY because they're NOT 
constants and Action! would choke 
on then.} 

PROC dunHy=wf) [ 

Printl Print2 Print3 3 



Now, a MODULE stateHent because 
we have to declare a variable: 



MODULE 



for CARD ARRAY declaration 



; This declares a CARD ARRAY that 
; points Csuprize!) to "duHKy" 

CARD ARRAY 

ptrary = dunny 



; This routine does a JMP indirect 
;to the address passed to it: 

PROC Indirect=*fCARD address} t 

J ("address" is passed in the A and 
; X registers} 

|85 SAE ;5TA SAE save low byte 
586 SAP ;5TK Saf save high byte 

; NOTE! To change this to enulate ON x 
GOTO rather than 

; ^ ON X G05UB, add this line here: 
; S66 S68 ;PLA/PLA pull Off 

; return address 

56C SAE 500 3 ;JMP (5AEJ 
; ju»p indirect to routine, which 
; RTS's itself to the calling PROC 



; Now, our version of the 
; c "Main" function: 

PROC Haint] 
BYTE i 

FOR i = TO 2 DO 

; Fetch address of routine to 
; call ( ptraryCiJ ) and execute 
; it Ivia "Indirect" PROC) 
Indirect Cptrary till 

OD 
RETURN 



Notice the indirect procedure. We have to do this, 
because there we have to jump "indirectly" to the 
routine address. Another way of handling this would 
be to jump indirect directty into the card array, but 
this would require self-modifying code (which is a 
no-no). 

To convert the above to emulate BASIC'S ONxGO- 
TO, we just insert two PLAs in the indirect proce- 
dure, to pull the return address off the stack. 

Arrays of arrays. 

The last foray we're going to make right now into 
extending Action! 's functionality is the concept of "ar- 
rays of arrays." Action! arrays want to be only one- 
dimensional, which is prohibitive in a lot of real 
world programming needs. 

Let's take a simple two-dimension byte array. An 
array of arrays can basically be considered to be an 
array of pointers to arrays. Since pointers are actual- 
ly cards in disguise, it follows that, to create an ar- 
ray of arrays, we need to do the following: (1) declare 
the individual byte arrays; and (2] declare a card ar- 
ray of the addresses of the individual arrays. 

We have the same problem^ we had before — we 
can't declare an array using values which aren't con- 
stants. But we know how to get aromid that now, 
right? Here's an example: 
MODULE ; Exanple 6 
; Declare our individual arrays: 

BYTE ARRAY 
one(} : 
twoO 
three C} : 



t 1, 2, 3 1, 
14, 5, 6 1, 
t 7, 8, 9 1 



; Declare a dunny PROC with the 
; addresses of the BYTE arrays: 

PROC dunMy=MC) I one two three 1 

; MODULE StateHent because we're 
; declaring a variable: 



CARD ARRAY 
ary_of_arys 



duHny 



; Now, our Main procedure, which 
; illustrates how to access our 
; doubly subscripted arrays: 

PROC MainO 

BYTE i, j 

BYTE ARRAY bary 

; loop for first subscript: 
FOR i = TO 2 DO 

; fetch address of array: 
bary = ary_of_arysCiJ 

) loop for second subscript: 
FOR j z TO 2 DO 

PrintFCArray CXUJ txuj = Y.UY.E", 
i, j, barytj)) 
OD 

PutECJ 
OD 
RETURN 



PAGE 100 / OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



You should get the fohowing output when you run 
this example: 

Array (03 tOJ = 1 
Array (0) tl) :: 2 
Array CO) t2) - 3 

Array ClJ tej = 4 
Array (13 (1) = 5 
Array CI) C2) = 6 

Array C2) CO) - 7 
Array (2) tl) = 8 
Array C2) C2) = 9 

You can, of course, carry this out ad infinitum — 
as many layers as you like — by declaring card arrays 
for each layer of arrays. 

Another typical use of arrays of arrays in program- 
ming is "string arrays," where strings are considered 
to be arrays of characters (as in C and Action!). I'll 
give a more useful example here: 



MODULE 



ExaHple 7 



This subroutine prints out an 
English explanation for the user 
when a systeM error occurs COnly 
errors 128 through 144 are given 
for space reasons) 

DEFINE LASTERR = ■■144" 

CHAR ARRAY 

S1280 = "BREAK key abort", 

sl29() - "lOCB already open", 

sl30(} = "Nonexistent device", 

S131C) = "lOCB Write only", 

S1320 = "Illegal handler coMHand", 

S133C) - "lOCB not Open", 

sl34t) - "Illegal lOCB nunber", 

S135C) = "lOCB Read only", 

S136C) - "End of file", 

S137 = "Truncated record", 

si380 = "Device tiMeout", 

sisgo = "Device NAK", 

sl40() = "Serial frane error", 

sl41t) - "Cursor out of range", 

sl42() = "Serial bus overrun", 

S143C) = "ChecksuM error", 

sl44() - "Device done error", 

generic C) :: "Error YAiWX." 

PROC duwMy=»<) I 

S128 S129 S130 S131 Sl32 Sl33 Sl34 
S135 S136 S137 S138 Sl39 Sl40 Sl41 
S142 S143 S144 3 



MODULE 



for variable declaration 



CARD ARRAY 

errstrs - duMny 

PROC PrintError CBYTE errnuM) 
IF errnuw > 128 THEN 

IF errnuM > LASTERR THEN 
PrintFCgeneric , errnuM) 
ELSE 

PrintEterrstrsCerrnuM - 
FI 
FI 
RETURN 



128)) 



I'll leave it as an exercise to you, to figure out how 
this last example works. It's much like the preced- 
ing example, if that's any help. 

That's it for this journey into esoterica. The Ac- 
tion! language has many capabilities that most peo- 
ple will never see or use. I hope I've at least sparked 
some of you to do more investigative work. 

Next month is letters/feedback time. I've gotten a 
Jot of response to my articles on piracy — som.e pro 
and a surprisingly high number on the con side. I'll 
share some of the more representative ones with you 
next month. D 

Russ Wetmore has been involved in the computer 
industry /or over six years. He's probably best known 
for his game Preppie! and is president of Star Sys- 
tems Soj^ware, Inc., a research and development /irm 
specializing in entertainment and home productiv- 
ity programs. 



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ANALOG COMPUTING 



OCTOBER 1985 / PAGE 101 



01 



Pie Chart Demo 

continued from page 4'1 



vscolor (handle, index, rgb_in); 

/» set color 8 to white »/ 

rgbinCaa = 1000; 
rgbinCl] = 1000; 
rgb_inC23 = 1000; 
vs_color (handle, 8, rgbin); 

/* draw background grid »/ 

colorindex = 8; 

setcolor = vsl color (handle, col orindex ) ; 

pxyarrayC0] = 0; 

pxyarrayCl] = 0; 

pxyarrayC2] = 319; 

pxyarrayC3] = 0; 

vpl ine (handle, 2, pxyarray) ; 

■for (y=9; y<200; y=y+10) 

{ 

pxyarrayClD = y; 

pxyarrayC33 = yj 

v_pl ine(handle, 2, pxyarray); 

> 
pxyarrayC03 = 0; 
pxyarrayC13 = 0; 
pxyarrayC23 = 0; 
pxyarrayC33 = 199; 
v_pline(handle, 2, pxyarray); 
-for(x=9; x<320; x=x + 10) 

{ 

pxyarrayC0] = 0; 

pxyarrayCl] = 0; 

pMyarrayC2] = 319; 

pxyarrayC33 = 0; 

vpl ine (handle, 2, pxyarray); 

-for (y=9; y<200; y=y+10) 

pxyarrayClJ = y; 

pxyarrayC3] = y; 

v_pline (handle, 2, pxyarray); 

> 
pxyarray[0] = 0; 
pxyarrayCin = 0; 
pxyarrayC23 = 0; 
pxyarrayC3] = 199; 
vpl ine(handle, 2, pxyarray); 
+or(x=9; x<320; x=x+10) 

< 

pxyarrayC0J = x; 

pxyarrayC23 = x; 

v_pline(handle, 2, pxyarray); 

> 

/* draw w/color 1 (gray) »/ 

colorindex = 1; 

setcolor = vsf_col or (handle, colorindex ) ; 

/* draw main pie shadow */ 

X = 140; 

y = 140; 

begang = 300; 

endang = 3200; 

xradius = 120; 

yradius = 40; 

v_ellpie(handle, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, endang); 

/* draw pulled-out shadow ♦/ 



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ANALOG COMPUTING 



X = 17B; 

begang = 3200; 

endang = 300; 

xradius = 120; 

yradius = 40} 

v_ellpie(handlB, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, 

/• draw puHed-out segment »/ 

color_index = 12; 

SBt_color = vs-f_col or (handle, color_index ) ; 

y = 135; 

v_el Ipie (handle, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, 

/* draw other segments */ 

color_index = 3; 

set_color = vs-f_col or (handle, color_index ) ; 

x = 140; 

begang = 300; 

endang = 1400; 

v_el Ipie (handle, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, 

colorindex = 2; 

set_color = vsf_CDlor (handle, cDlor_index ) ; 

begang = 1400; 

endang = 1750; 

v_el Ipi e (handle, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, 

colorindex = 6; 

setcolor = vsf_col or (handle, color_index ) ; 

begang = 1750; 

endang = 3200; 

vel lpie(handle, x, y, xradius, yradius, begang, 

/* label the chart */ 



endang) ; 



?ndang) ; 



endang) ; 



endang) ; 



endang) ; 



Bet_color = vst 
seteffect = vst 
v_justif led (hand 
set_color = vst 
v_gtext (handle, 
v_gtext (handle, 
set_color = vst 
v_gtext (handle, 
vgtext (handle, 
set_color = vst 
v_gtext (handle, 
vgtext (handle, 
setcolor = vst 
vgtext (handle, 
v_gtext (handle. 



color (handle, 5); 

effects(handle, 1); 
le, 30, 17, title, 290, 1, 1); 
color (handle, 3) ; 
20, 47, "Business"); 
100,47, "30.557."); 
color (handle, 2) ; 
20, 57, "CAD"); 
10B,57, "9.727."); 
color (handle, 6) ; 
20, 67, "General"); 
100,67, "40.2B7."); 
color (handle, 12) ; 
20, 77, "Education"); 
100, 77, "19.457."); 



rgb_in[21 = 0; 

index = 1; 

vs_col or (handle, index, rgb_in); 

/* close workstation */ 

v_clsvwk (handle) ; 
appl_exi t ( ) ; 
_exit (0) ; 



/* end main »/ 



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/* wait -for key */ 

vsinmode (handle, 4, 1); 

vrq_string (handle, 1, 0, duml, «<dum2) j 

/* reset backgnd color to white ♦/ 

rgb_inC0] = 1000; 

rgb_inC13 = 1000; 

rgb_in[2] = 1000; 

index = 0; 

vscolor (handle, index, rgb_in); 

/* reset color 1 to black »/ 

rgb_inC03 = 0; 
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HITCHHIKERS GUIDE (InfOCom) . . $27.95 

SKYFOX (Electronic Arts) $27.95 

ULTIMA III $37.95 

UNIVERSE $69.95 

RETURN OF HERACLES $24.95 

BOOK OF ADVENTURE GAMES. . $14.95 

Please aaa S2.50 shipping (S4.50 outside USA) 

califortnia residents add 6%. 



COMPUTER GAMES + 



BOX 6144 

ORANGE CA 92667 

(714) 639^189 



CIRCLE #146 Ot^ READER SERVICE CARD 



CIRCLE #144 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



QUALITY 

LOW COST SOFTWARE 

FOR ATARI 400, 800, XL, XE 
.Complete documentation includes detailed 
instructions with examples. 



/■;:^ HOME OFFICE $15.95 

ti^"*^- PRINT and MAIL newsletters, docu- 
ments, correspondence. Any printer, any size 
files WORD PROCESSOR; Center, justify, in- 
dent, headers, trailers, set margins & line 
spacing, page numbering. DATA BASE/ i?| 
MAIL-LIST for keeping name & address a^ 
lists, household inventories, magazine 
catalog etc. Predefined formats for labels, data 
base printouts. Also define customized formats 



SING-A-LONG$11.95 

Play your old favorites! Or create your own! 
Displays lyrics & graphics while music plays 
^. Encompasses entire bass & treble 
.''«? Sj! clefs (C2-C6), four voices, rests, slurs, 
i*>.P' sharps & flats Incremental pitch with 
8 bit sound. 



i^^ 



RECREATION $11.95 

Exclusive collection of games, simulations, 
amusements These all new programs are not 
available else where. 



UTILITIES $11. 95 

Online terminal program, sector copier, DOS 
added to BASIC, disk directory printer 



ANY three disks $24.95 

ALL four disks $34.95 

(ORDER LIN E 1 -800-241 -6789) 

Please add $1 .95 for postage and handling 
Check, Money Order, VISA, MasterCard, in U.S. 
Funds or equivalent 

V MISTY MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE 

^ 10324 W. 44th Ave. #2A 

^ Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 



CIRCLE #145 ON READER SERVICE CARD 



PAGE 104 /OCTOBER 1985 



ANALOG COMPUTING 



GUESS ICD^ NEW PRODUCT 
AND YOUR ATARI COMPUTER 

GETS ONE FREE* 

CLUES: Under $90, A lot smaller (and sleeker) than a 
breadbox. Asimple concept (the best ones always ore). 
Gives treedom at chcice, , ,aops, we almost gave it away 

The entire Atari 8-BIT com- 
munity will discover their link 
to the rest of the world — right 
here, on the INSIDE BACK 
COVER OF THE NEXT ANALOG 
MAGAZINE (Nov.). Can you 
beat them to ttie puncti? 




^^^MMMMMMMMMMUb 



•Al least a S60 value ICD, Inc. will award prizes to those entrants that adequate- 
ly describe CD's new product. In the event of more than 10 correct entries, ICD 
will hold a random drawing of all correct entries and d total of 10 prizes will be 
awaroed All entries must be received by Oct. 30, 1985 at address dt right. 
Drdwing will be held on Nov 15, 1985, For contest results, include d S.A.S.E NO 
PHONE CALLS WILL BE ACCEPTED. Prizes will not be shipped to RO. boxes. Prizes 
thdt must be shipped outside the continental U.S.A. may be subject to shipping 
charges Void where prohibited, ICD reserves the right to develop and mdrket 
products resulting from the ideas of contest entrants and to use the ndmes of 
winners and entrdnts for promotional purposes. The answer-will be revealed 
on the INSIDE BACK COVER OF THE NOV ISSUE OF ANALOG. 




Copyright €1985 ICD, Inc. 

ATARI is a trademark ot ATARI, INC, 



1220 Rock Stietriuite 310 
Riilfoij ILil10ti437' 
815/229.2989 







.4 WORD PROCESSING PROGRAM \ 
AN INFORM A TION MAN A GEMENT PROGRAM ! 

^ TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM] 



«^ 



^ 

% 



^ZI ri//?££ PROGRAMS, ON ONE DISKETTE!, FOR ONLY $49. 95 * ! 

"Quite simply the best! The highest rating possible. . . the package should be part of every 
(computer) library."— analog computing 

"Russ Wetmore has done an EXCELLENT job! The program is flexible, powerful and 
very easy to use. $49.95 buys a heck of a lot of program."— review by arthur leyenbercer 

"Performance: if • • if{Excellent)Value:ir * * if (Excellent) 
This three-in-one package is a bargain . . . one of the finest values on the market. " 



FAMILY COMPUTING 



HOMETEXT word processor. 

HOMEFIND INFORMATION MANAGER. 

HOMETERM telecommunications 

Together they are HomePak: the three most 
important and most useful home computer applica- 
tions in one integrated system — on one diskette! 
The reviewers are unanimous: any one of 
these programs alone is well worth the price. 
So you're getting three times the computing power, 
with this exceptionally easy to use package: 

• all commands in simple English; no complex 
computer jargon, no obscure instructions 
all key commands are immediately available on 
the screen menu; additional commands can be 
called up for the more experienced user 

• to help you, system status is displayed right 
on the screen 

And it's easy to use the three programs together. For 
example, in the "Merge" mode, you can take data 
stored in HOMEFIND and print letters and labels 
using HOMETEXT. Or, use HOMETEXT to write 
reports based on information you've called up 
via HOMETERM. 



'NCLUOeo 



""SSwIrMoflE 




,^omeTe 



3in1 

Software System 












30 Mural street 
Richmond Hill, Ontario 
L4B IBS CANADA 
(416)881-9941 
Telex: 06-21-8290 



BATTERieS ^^^nNCLuDED 



1 7875 Skv Park North, Suite P 
,.,.„. .._. _ . _ Irving, California 

^2'i'f^ "The Energized Software Company!" usa 92114 

^^'" •- J 14161881-9816 

21-8290 WRITE TO US FOR FULL COLOUR CATALOGUE of our products for COMMODORE, ATARI, APPLE and IBM SYSTEMS T&tex: S09-139 

FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT OR PPOOUCT INFORMATION PLEASE PHONE 1416) 881-9816 
•MANUFACTURER'S SUGGESTED U.S. LIST PRICE 
Each computer system may require accessory devices such as modems, printers and cards to utilize specific features of HOMEPAK See uour dpalpr for rt.taii. 

< 1985 BATTERIES INCLUDED. APPLE. ATARI, COMMODORE AND IBMARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKSRESPECTwElY OF APPU^^ 

BUSINESS MACHINES INC.. AND IBM BUSINESS MACHINES INC.